In 1968, China's first batch of light-emitting diodes began to enter the market, so far there have been more than 30 years, in the optical optoelectronics in the emerging industry is very influential, in the field of display technology has always occupied a place, the Chinese government in the development of electronic basic products, adhere to the establishment of the concept of a large market to the modernization of the national economy, informatization as the goal to achieve the focus of the product specialization of the large-scale production to expand the Export earning capacity, preferred optoelectronic devices and other five new electronic components as a development goal, the LED industry is the focus of the development of optoelectronic devices, in the output value, production, scale effect, etc. has the advantage, although in the world of optoelectronic design occupies a very small share, but China's huge market potential, so that manufacturers have to participate in the expansion of the investment to increase production capacity.
In the past three years the LED industry average growth rate of more than 30%, especially after 1996, faster growth in 1998 to achieve sales revenue of 2.244 billion yuan, an increase of 13.44% over the previous year, the production of 6.509 billion, an increase of 5.2% over the previous year, the output value of 3.589 billion yuan. Industry data show that China is currently engaged in the production and operation, scientific research and education units such as more than 100, employing about 15,000 people, including engineers and technicians accounted for 20% of the industry's assets of 350 million yuan, the initial formation of the industrial scale, while the development of the industry has also led to the development of peripheral support industries, in addition to the LED chip, the main raw materials, parts and components, the required instrumentation and equipment are produced and supplied domestically! Many domestic universities, research institutes in the light-emitting materials, new structures, new devices, new applications and so on have done a lot of research work, and achieved a lot of results, in 1998, the completion of scientific research and development, technological transformation of more than 250 items, some of the results reached the international advanced level. Among the many manufacturers, the back-channel encapsulation factories are mainly Lianchuang Jianhe, Foshan Optoelectronics, Ningbo Amida, Xiamen Hualian, Tianjin Tianxing, Suzhou Semiconductor, Shenzhen Super Bright and so on, more than 20; there are five in the chip production, Nanchang Xinlei company is the only one that can be able to supply the chips in batch, with a production capacity of 200KK per month, and it is reported that the company is drawing up the plan of expanding the production, with the goal to reach 200KK per month, and it is reported that the company is drawing up the expansion plan, with the goal to reach 200KK per month. 200KK, it is reported that the company is drawing up plans to expand production, the goal is to reach a monthly capacity of 500KK, Xinlei company's successful operation, changing China's chip only rely on the import situation, Shanghai Jingtian put into operation once gave people encouragement, but after the operation of the pain experienced in the course of the cooperation, the recent one line of turnaround, the production of LED traditional chip, it is reported that there is a trend of oversupply and demand, the emergence of a tight market situation, the situation. But from the scale of mass production is very far, the remaining three manufacturers are still in the trial production stage, few products on the market; in the quadratic chip manufacturing, there are also three companies into, so far no production sales; six manufacturers into the development and production of light-emitting materials, including three factories to produce the epitaxial wafer of the traditional chip, three factories to make use of MOCVD technology to produce quadratic materials, the progress is not very big, they are all in the experimental stage.
LED display is one of the main applications of light-emitting diodes, rapid development in recent years, the current LED display production technology is advanced, low selling price, it is difficult for foreign companies to compete for the market in mainland China, according to incomplete statistics, in 1998, China's LED display manufacturers have more than 150, manufacturing various types of display about 50,000 square meters to achieve an output value of 1.4 billion yuan, the main manufacturers are Beijing Lantong, Nanjing LOPE, Lianchuang Jianhe, Shanghai Xinmao, Shanghai Sanshike, Northeast Microelectronics, Xi'an Qingsong, Tianjin data, Shenzhen with the continent, etc., these companies produce outdoor screen, full-color indoor and outdoor screen can be accepted by the user to promote the development of the information display market; China's Taiwan development of the LED industry has achieved world-renowned results in recent years in the product structure, production technology, product quality, mass production level, market share, and the development of the LED industry. Mass production level, market share, close to Japan's posture in the world LED industry next to the United States, Japan, ranked third in the world, five years, an average annual growth of more than 20% in 1997, Taiwan's top ten optoelectronic products accounted for the fourth place, the output value of 18,870 million NT dollars, Epistar Corp has been successfully developed for the full-color lamps and displays of red, green, Blue chips, these chips light intensity of more than 70mcd, a company is in production using MOVPE technology, the production of InGaAlp ultra-brightness of light-emitting materials and chips; Taiwan has seven production of LED chips, the production of various colors of traditional chips accounted for more than 70% of the world's output, the main manufacturers are light Lei, Ting yuan, optical treasure, Guolian, etc., Europe and the United States, Japan, and other famous optoelectronic companies are also using the Taiwan Chip, Taiwan packaging factory has more than 30, there are 10 is a big company, the main light treasure, light, today Taiwan, etc., most of these manufacturers set up factories in mainland China, in order to expand production, reduce costs, increase market competitiveness. Therefore, the overall strength of China's LED industry is strong, is expected to become an important pillar industry of electronic basic products.
Light-emitting diode applications are very common, due to the low operating voltage, power consumption, colorful, low price, and therefore welcomed by electrical engineers and researchers, early traditional products with low luminous efficiency, light intensity is generally a few to dozens of mcd, suitable for use in indoor occasions, in home appliances, instruments and meters, communication equipment, microcomputers and toys, etc., due to the application of the technology increasingly Development, traditional products appear new application business opportunities, is popular LED Christmas lights, due to the novel shape, duckbill Christmas lights, colorful ball lights, beads Lian window lights, and colorful, not easy to break, low-pressure use of security, recently in Hong Kong and other Southeast Asian regions, the sales trend is strong, by the general popularity of people are threatening and replacing the existing electric bulb of the Christmas market; a kind of children's popular flash shoes The use of walking to sleep when the LED flashing light, very eye-catching, both monochrome light, but also two-color light, according to the general manager of a shoe company in zhejiang, only wenzhou area a year to use to 500KK light-emitting diode; has a health care effect of the toothbrush, in developed countries to use commonly, the use of light-emitting diode as a toothbrush power instructions is very convenient, each toothbrush with a LED light, according to the domestic is According to the domestic manufacturers in production, the company has a small number of health care toothbrushes on the market, plans to produce 300KK light-emitting lamps; in industrial products, light-emitting diode-type AD11 indicator lamps in the power supply cabinets are commonly used, this product adopts a multi-chip integrated composition of the light source, there are red, yellow and green colors, after capacitor step-down, you can use the 220V, 280V power supply, Jiangsu, a manufacturer of the company's annual sales reached 10KK only, the company's annual sales reached 10KK. The company's annual sales reached 10KK only more than 200KK-300KK LED chips are needed each year, the market has the potential to expand, due to the active light-emitting instructions clear, long life, low power consumption and other characteristics, very popular with users, and soon can be replaced by all the electric bubble-type AD11 products, in short, the traditional light-emitting diode market will not only be with the original application of the surface of the product In short, the traditional light-emitting diode market will not only with the original application of the product growth and enhancement, and new applications to open up the market business opportunities.
With the development of new materials and semiconductor industry technology, since 1994 to the new visible light materials InGaAlP and InGaN as the mainstream, to achieve high brightness, multi-color, coupled with the improvement of packaging technology, display information large-scale, the emergence of LED products, new applications, bringing more market opportunities, these products make the LED application from indoor use to enhance the outdoor use, can be used in the strong sunlight, and can be used in the sunlight. Outdoor use, can be a clear display in strong sunlight occasions, high luminous efficiency, light intensity of more than 1000mcd, while meeting the full-color display and portable products, low-power requirements, these advanced light-emitting diodes include:
1. blue, green light-emitting diodes: blue LED materials are silicon carbide (Suc), gallium nitride (GaN) and indium gallium nitride (InGaN) ternary Materials, such as the use of InGaN/AlGaN structure made of blue light-emitting lamp peak wavelength of 470nm, the normal light intensity of 2000mcd, green light-emitting lamp peak wavelength of 520nm, the normal light intensity of up to 5,000mcd, of which there is also a peak wavelength of 500nm blue-green (traffic green) light-emitting lamps, on the basis of the blue light-emitting, packaged in its chip to add a few milligrams of the Fluorescent material into white, white light diode is the best alternative to miniature incandescent lamps, although the price is more expensive than the electric bulb, but not easy to break, more energy-saving, almost no heat when working, can be continuously illuminated for more than 10 years, these products are in Japan, Germany, the United States and Taiwan and other famous optoelectronics companies to produce and put on the market.
2. Novel four-dimensional light-emitting diodes: the late eighties development of listed GaAlAs materials, made of red light-emitting tubes, the first to realize the requirements of ultra-high brightness, luminous intensity of more than 1,000mcd, but the light failure is larger, and therefore the scope of application is limited, the nineties the development of the success of the InGaAlP quadruple material, made of products that can be obtained in red, orange, yellow, Amber four colors, luminous efficiency is very high, and high temperature performance is very good, is the ideal product for outdoor use.
3. New varieties of LEDs and power light-emitting diodes: operating current of 70ma, emitting a very strong beam of light, a larger viewing angle, generally 40-70 degrees for automotive signage; SMD (SMD) LEDs work in small current, generally 1-2ma have enough brightness to save the portable product Power consumption; constant voltage light-emitting diode, the system will resistor encapsulated in the internal, the use of current-limiting resistors are not required, generally working below 12V, the user is very convenient, the same in the package into a piece of integrated circuit, generally working below 5V, when powered on the flashing light, can be used as a status display, the use of the same is very convenient, this cluster LED chips, devices, components can be made into light-emitting modules to achieve Specific functional requirements, the use of LED multi-chip clusters composed of multi-color lamps, typical red, green and blue can be composed of panchromatic lamps, in the middle of the three-color intersection presents white light.
These new devices appear to expand the application of LED, first of all, the application of traffic signal display light source, with shock resistance and impact resistance, fast light response, power saving and long life, etc., the country about 11 manufacturers in the development of traffic signal lamps, of which there are three companies of the product through the certification body of the test, the recent city of Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, there are traffic signal lamps for the field test! In 1997, Beijing, the fifth session of the Multinational Urban Transportation Exhibition, many domestic traffic signals manufacturers to show the LED traffic light samples; followed by the automotive industry applications, automotive use of incandescent lamps are not resistant to vibration impact, and easy to damage, short service life, and often need to be changed, starting in 1987, China began to install high brake lights on the car, due to the LED response speed, can be as early as possible to remind the driver to brake, reduce the car rear-end collisions. Remind the driver to brake, reduce rear-end accidents, increase safety, in the automotive instrument panel and a variety of lighting part of the light source, there can be ultra-brightness light to play, in developed countries, the use of LED manufacturing central rear high brake lights have become the standard parts of the car, the U.S. HP launched in 1996, the LED automotive taillight module can be randomly combined with a variety of automotive taillights; the third is the LED The third is the LED backlighting, especially high-efficiency side light-emitting backlighting is the most striking, LED as the LCD backlighting applications, with a long life, high luminous efficiency, non-interference and cost-effective features, there are electronic watches, cell phones, BP machines, electronic calculators, card machines, etc. are widely used, with the increasing miniaturization of portable electronic products, the LED backlighting is more advantageous in the cell phone are used in the LED backlighting, so the backlighting technology will move towards the LED backlighting. Therefore, the backlight production technology will be thinner, low power consumption, uniform and consistent development, LED side of the backlight plate thickness can be done 0.7-3.5mm, the light efficiency of 50-70%, and green, red, blue and a variety of mixed colors with the customer choice, may soon appear in the same thickness as the EL's ultra-thin backlighting; the fourth is the most interested in the LED lighting source, the direct target Is the LED light source to replace incandescent and fluorescent lamps, this trend has been from the local area and from small to large to start replacing, Japan's Ministry of International Trade and Industry called for national energy conservation, is planning to replace incandescent light-emitting diode project (known as the project to light up Japan), the first five years of the project for the 5 billion yen, if the LED to replace half of the incandescent and fluorescent lamps, the annual savings of the equivalent of 6 billion liters of crude oil energy Equivalent to five 1.35 × 106KW nuclear power plant power generation, and can reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, improve people's living environment, so people are facing a lighting change, looking forward to LED bring people the gospel.
As the light-emitting diode industry continues to emerge new technologies, new products, new applications, showing a sunrise industry's thriving scene, I believe that in the first decade of the next century, the LED industry will continue to develop:
1. Manufacturers will be in the ultra-high-brightness, full-color technology to expand the surface of the investment, to enhance the production capacity, the number of employees will increase, China (including Taiwan and Hong Kong) will become the world's leading producer of LEDs. China (including Taiwan and Hong Kong) will become the world's leading producer of LEDs, is expected to account for more than 60% of the world's total, five years after the output value of seven billion yuan, ultra-high brightness LEDs will have a 30% rate of growth, while the traditional LEDs will also have a 5% -10% rate of growth.
2. At present, many colors of light-emitting diodes have reached the level of candela, I believe that with the improvement of device structure, luminous efficiency of the rapid increase in the future development of LED is the main direction of the lighting source, began to replace incandescent lamps in some areas, during the period of time will be complementary to other light sources, coexisting, *** with the development of the people are facing a change in lighting source, it has been predicted that the LED is a lighting light source in the 21st century. Lighting light source.
3. The development of the world's optoelectronics industry to promote the development of changes in the field of application, I believe that with the development of the LED industry will have more money to invest in the research and production of LED, so the existing ultra-high brightness, blue, green LED technology for a few manufacturers monopoly will be a breakthrough, the cost of products is expected to have a substantial decline, thereby promoting the market re-development, the application of re-expansion.
It can be believed that the semiconductor light-emitting technology will not be replaced by other technology products, and will continue to develop along the original track.