Mainly divided into five parts: controller, operator, memory, input devices, output devices.
1, the controller (Control): is the central nervous system of the entire computer, its function is to interpret the control information specified in the program, according to its requirements for control, scheduling programs, data, addresses, coordination of the work of all parts of the computer and memory and peripheral access.
2., Operator (Datapath): the function of the operator is to perform various arithmetic and logical operations on the data, i.e., to process the data.
3., Memory (Memory): the function of the memory is to store the program, data and various signals, commands and other information, and to provide this information when needed.
4, input (Input system): input device is an important part of the computer, input devices and output devices are called external devices, referred to as peripheral devices, input devices, the role of the program, raw data, text, characters, control commands, or data collected on-site information such as input to the computer.
5, output (Output system): output devices and input devices are also an important part of the computer, it will be the intermediate or final results of the external calculator, the machine's various data symbols and text or a variety of control signals and other information output.
Expanded:
Computer components must address the problem of how to best and rationally combine various multiples and components into a computer at the desired performance and price and have achieved the identified ISA.Aspects determined by the design of the computer component should include:
(1) Data path width: the number of bits on the data bus that are The number of bits of information transmitted in parallel.
(2) Setting of special components: whether or not to set up special components such as multiplication and division, floating-point calculations, character processing, address calculations, etc. The number of settings is related to the speed, price and frequency of use of the special components.
(3) Degree of component **** enjoyment for various operations: high time-sharing **** enjoyment is inexpensive, although speed is limited. Setting up components to reduce the degree of ****-enjoyment allows speed to increase as parallelism increases, but the price also increases.
(4) Parallelism of functional components: whether to use sequential serialization, or overlapping, pipelined or distributed control and processing.
(5) Composition of the control mechanism: whether it is hard disk or microprogrammed control, whether it is single-machine or multi-machine or functionally distributed processing.
(6) Buffering and queuing techniques: how to set up and set up high-capacity buffers between components to harmonize their speed differences; sequencing of event processing by random, first-in-first-out, advanced, prioritized, or cyclic.
(7) Estimation and prediction techniques: what principles are used to predict future behavior that optimizes performance.
(8) Reliability techniques: what redundancy and fault tolerance techniques are used to improve reliability
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