Chapter 22 Ming Dynasty Medical Affairs

Medical system is mainly divided into the central medical institutions, the court medical system, the local medical system and the folk medical groups composed of four parts. Ming dynasty medical affairs system from the content, methods, attitudes to medical practitioners should have the ideological qualities, moral character, the world and the way to treat patients, etc., have made specific provisions. > > Ming dynasty medicine belongs to the ministry of rites, its organization and officials set up, largely inherited the old system of Song and Yuan with some gains and losses, the medical system also changed in various periods. Here mainly introduces the Ming dynasty central medical institutions and court medical system. > > First, the central medical institutions > > Ming dynasty hospital is divided into Nanjing, Beijing two. The two Beijing hospital are equipped with raw medicine library, set ambassador, deputy ambassador each 1 person, in charge of drugs. Each year, the herbs from the origin of the people sent to solve the Na, according to the quality of the herbs, concoctions, dry and wet degree of classification. By the Imperial Doctor of the Imperial Hospital and the ambassador of the drug library identification into the library, the Ministry of Rites sent to monitor and register, in two copies, a stay in the hospital for the record, a sent to the Ministry of Rites to check. > > Ming Dynasty Imperial Hospital is divided into 13 sections, namely, large square pulse, women, typhoid, small square pulse, acupuncture and moxibustion, mouth and throat, throat, eyes, sores, bones, ounce arrowhead, Zhuyu, ***, with the Yuan Dynasty, compared to the 13 sections, the wind section changed to typhoid, sores are divided into two sections of the Golden Arrowhead and sores, and miscellaneous sections changed to ***, the abolition of forbidden sections, more suitable for clinical needs of the previous generation. > > hospital doctors above two shifts a day in the imperial pharmacy on duty, for the emperor and concubines service. When the emperor went on tour, the Imperial Hospital medical officer as an entourage, along the way for the emperor, accompanying officials and guards for health services. > > the Prince's House, the Prince's House and the reception of foreign guests will have a medical officer, they encountered difficult illnesses, often to the hospital to request medical help. The Ming Dynasty, the royal family doctor, can not directly to the hospital, must be reported to the emperor, after approval by the hospital by decree to send a doctor or doctor to diagnosis and treatment. When the civil and military ministers and foreign chiefs were sick, the Imperial Hospital was also ordered to visit them and report the results of their treatment to the Emperor. When an epidemic is found, the Imperial Hospital has the task of sending medical officers to the army, prisons, border passes and other places for treatment. > > second, the palace medical system > > Ming dynasty palace in addition to the emperor's services, the imperial pharmacy, but also has a special for the crown prince, concubines and the royal family of medical institutions. > > wu yuan year (1364), set up Shang medicine bureau, Shang medicine imperial bong rank for the sixth grade. Hongwu six years (1373), set up the Imperial Medicine Bureau, began to set the Imperial Doctor. Imperial Doctor 4 by the Imperial Hospital Medical Officer. The main task of the Imperial Medicine Bureau is to supervise the production of imperial medicine bait, as well as the collection and storage of tribute from all over the precious herbs. And set up the imperial pharmacy, by the supervisor, the eunuch, close medical officer without fixed staff, in two shifts in charge of the imperial medicine bait, rank and the hospital medical officer similar. > > jiajing fifteen years (1536), change the royal pharmacy for the temple of saint ji, and set up the royal pharmacy, by the imperial physicians on duty. Three years (1575), the Temple of St. Jude made the Royal Pharmaceutical Library of a seal of defense, by the governor of the eunuchs in charge, to take by virtue of the transmission, the end of the year will be taken by the transmission of medicines and the remaining amount of items such as registers, sent to the Ministry of Justice to check. > > Hongwu two years (1369), the East Palace set up a standard seal, a standard medicine, a standard meal, a standard service, a standard military, a standard ride six bureaus. Bureau of medicine Lang, Bureau of far and within the Prince's medical care. > > Hongwu five years (1372), the Harem set up six bureaus, by the Shangshi food is responsible for medicine, positions are filled by female officials. Yongle between (1403 ~ 1424) and later, these positions were transferred to eunuchs. > > Empress and concubines have a disease, more by the Imperial Hospital medical officer diagnosis. Harem set up Anle Hall, dedicated to the concubines after the sick; with a menstruation room, for the palace pregnancy and childbirth. Harem set up medical officer, doctor, but also equipped with a steady woman, milkwoman, medical whole and so on. > > the Ming dynasty to prepare for the royal family are set up good doctor, in charge of the royal family health care. Hongwu four years (1371), good doctor set up good doctor is, good doctor preparation 1 person, life officer several people, all from the civil officials, recommended by the hospital, the Ministry of appointment. Outstanding medicine Wang Cui, etc. had served as a good doctor of the royal family. > > Tianqi master is a very different kind of emperor. Most people become emperor, under the totalitarian power, money, beauty, extravagance, life and death. But Master Tianqi does not, he only likes to do carpentry work. If an emperor puts his mind all over a pile of wood, another person will step up and take over the duties, or rather, the power, that he was supposed to fulfill. > > This man was called Wei Zhongxian. > > fine taste culture > > sense of the millennium wisdom > > China's history of the most cattle eunuchs non-Tianqi Wei Gong belongs to this big eunuch called nine thousand years old, some shameless flattery even for Wei Zhongxian built up the ancestral shrine, a few more shameless actually request to let the eunuch who did not read a few books with the rituals. If this is a historical tragedy, it is too vulgar; if this is a historical farce, there are countless loyal bones and blood. This is really a scandalous drama, reflecting the degeneration of the scholars and the rampant use of power in a highly centralized context. What techniques did Eunuch Wei use to gain access to the throne? What is the relationship between him and the death of the Ming Dynasty? > > Wei Zhongxian's reason for joining the palace as a eunuch was purely coincidental and purely motivated by the moment. He was a street punk, walking chicken fighting dogs, eating, drinking, whoring and gambling, doing everything. He had never read any books, but he had accumulated a wealth of thick and dark knowledge of the world. Once, he gambled with the villains and won thousands of silver taels. As a result, he was discovered by the young villains, causing him to be embarrassed abnormally. Under the resentment, Wei Zhongxian revealed his nature in the ruthless side. He shouted, stopped the young villains chasing him, from the waist to pull out a knife, and publicly pulled out his own long time through the warmth of the country's "penis", a knife on the guy cut off, bloody thrown to the crowd. See this situation, the people dispersed. Wei Zhongxian is not discouraged, then turned to the palace development. > > Carpenter Emperor Ming Xi Zong like Wanli years, Ming Shen Zong eldest son of his own difficulties, no time to take care of his son (later Ming Xi Zong), a small child growing up the closest people only nanny Hak's as well as every day and he played with his father-in-law Wei Zhongxian. > > Wei Zhongxian is almost since childhood to watch the grandson grow up, day and night care, accompanied by play. Ganging up is the norm for all kinds of organizations, the eunuchs in the Ming dynasty palace is also so. Wei Zhongxian was able to serve his grandson Zhu Yuchu, who was introduced to him by a palace eunuch named Wei Chao. At that time, Wei Chao's palace *** (food) was Zhu Yuzha's wet nurse, Guest. The so-called "food", the palace is also known as "vegetable household", that is, many eunuchs in the palace have a relatively fixed status of the courtesan for its "vegetable household". Soon, Wei Zhongxian replaced Wei Chao, and Hak became a pair. > > Wei Zhongxian in Xizong dynasty say one, to a large extent, is dipped in the light of Hak. Hak's is Hizong's nanny, early mother loss of Hizong in the sixteen-seventeen years of growing up, from the emotional and physical are Hak's have a serious sense of dependence, similar to the "Oedipus complex" kind of feelings. > > Wei Zhongxian and Hak's after the first love enemy and the original protector to solve the problem. Hak's in front of Xi Zong said Wei Chao's bad words, Wei Chao self-belief wait for the emperor for many years, rank has always been higher than Wei Zhongxian, do not think so. Unbeknownst to him, the little emperor on the nanny hundred obedience, former lover has been pipa other embrace, the little emperor mercilessly out of Beijing, Wei Zhongxian even more desperate, simply sent a rope strangled him. From this, step by step, Wei Zhongxian finally became Xi Zong ruling period tail big off the situation. > > Siliwei Supervisor seal eunuch > > Siliwei Supervisor, official name. Ming set up, the Ming Dynasty court management of eunuchs and the palace affairs of the "twelve supervisors" one of the eunuchs, there is the governor, the seal, the pen, with the hall. The eunuchs of the Governor were in charge of all ceremonies in the Imperial City. The eunuch who holds the seal is one of the most powerful positions, responsible for completing the Ming Dynasty national decision-making in the "approved red" part. Xizong nurse guest's Ming dynasty household furniture Ming Xizong get established, according to the palace at the time of merit and seniority, the old eunuch Wang An is the Secretary of the seal eunuch of the emperor's office is an excellent choice. But after the appointment of senior officials and eunuchs of the Ming court, the appointee generally have to take a form, on the table resignation again and again, the scene to go through, before formally assumed office. It is precisely this gap in the field, giving Wei Zhongxian, Hak's opportunity to take advantage of. At this time, the Secretary of the Palace of Justice within the eunuch named Wang Tiquan, he has always wanted to sit in the position of chief eunuch, and Wei Zhongxian together with the Guest's scurrying pick up in front of the Ming Xi Zong, Wang An's bad words. Ming Xi Zong naive young, the father's old servant Wang An impression is not deep, naturally, all listen to Hak's, on the withholding of the appointment of Wang An. In this way, the Secretary of the Palace of Justice of the seal of the governor of the eunuch position became vacant.