(a) project implementation phase
The main stages of the project implementation plan is not strictly in accordance with a set procedure in order, but often in full consideration of the time schedule on the basis of cross-scheduling plans or engage in a variety of activities at the same time. Project implementation can generally be divided into the following stages:
1. Appointment of the implementation team
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the project, it is usually necessary to set up a project implementation team. Its purpose is to ensure that the implementation plan to carry out the corresponding work, so that in the actual implementation of the project in the process of inconsistency with the plan, can formulate appropriate countermeasures in a timely manner. The project implementation team can be composed of either internal personnel arranged by the company itself or qualified consultants invited by the investor from the consulting firm as representatives. The implementation team can be organized to carry out all or part of the tasks of the project. Certain specialized tasks in a large project may be subcontracted.
2. Government Approval
At this stage, China has a project approval system, and projects in general are subject to the approval of the appropriate government functions before they can be implemented. While the government approval process takes a long time, consideration should be given to having enough time to obtain the necessary approvals to avoid obstacles. In the evaluation, attention should be paid to examine whether the investor's various preliminary procedures are complete.
3. Financing plan
After the investment decision, once the full cost of investment and the use of time is known, we must make detailed arrangements for project financing, and should be consistent with the project implementation plan of the capital needs. In the project appraisal stage, all implementation costs should be fully understood. In this way, it is possible to determine the financing needs and the financial costs that will be part of the initial investment costs.
4. Project management and organization
The project management and organization is formed according to the actual needs of the project. Recruitment of workers is the basic task in the establishment stage of business organization, and a recruitment plan should be proposed according to the type of project and the source of labor. Training of new employees is started at an early stage. Failure to carry out the training program as scheduled will have a greater impact on the early stages of production.5. Introduction and transfer of technologyThe introduction of technology is a key factor in the implementation phase. The technology chosen is subject to legal, economic and financial implications. Technology negotiations also take some time. If training is included in the technology provider's contract, this should be included in the training program. The assessment should analyze the reasonableness of the costs of technology introduction and transfer in the feasibility study.
6. Detailed engineering and contracting
(1) Detailed engineering. The entire plan for site preparation, ordering of machinery and equipment, municipal works and plant installation is elaborated at the implementation stage. The time required and the cost of the work are to be projected at the time of evaluation. The complete documentation should be submitted to the project management team prior to construction and installation. If detailed information has been obtained at the feasibility study stage, it will play a very important role in analyzing the evaluation.
(2) Tendering, negotiation and contracting. The stage of tendering, negotiation and contract signing includes pre-qualification of contractors, consultants and suppliers, preparation of tender documents, tendering, evaluation of tenders, negotiation and signing of contracts. These activities should be considered with appropriate timing in order to achieve the best possible results.
When ordering equipment, delivery times should be scheduled according to the progress of installation on site and the requirements of the different construction phases to ensure that the equipment arrives in the optimum order based on both delivery and construction considerations. Project evaluation should identify key issues that may become critical to the feasibility of the project. For example, it is necessary to mimic all transportation routes for critical equipment (like bulky machinery and equipment). Plant equipment performance tests should be conducted at the time and under the conditions of measurement specified in the contract text to avoid future claims and arguments.
(3) Purchase of land. Purchasing land is a critical step in the project and is an early consideration for the investor. A comprehensive utilization plan for the plant site for all possible options should be prepared. Roads inside and outside the plant should be designed to withstand the heavy load of transportation of factory production materials during construction and after commissioning, and local climatic conditions and the feasibility of infrastructure improvements should be further analyzed.
7. Building construction and installation
The timing of the plant construction and installation work directly determines the realization of the project's expected benefits.
The sequencing of civil engineering and construction activities needs to be carefully determined based on infrastructure requirements, existing infrastructure conditions, and timing of arrival and installation of various equipment. Installation of equipment needs to be scheduled appropriately and in a timely manner.
8. Supplies and Services
During project implementation, arrangements are made for the dispatch of basic inputs to the project, coordinating the timing of purchases and sales and the delivery of goods to ensure that the quality and quantity of inputs are available to meet the needs of production.
9. Pre-production marketing
Early arrangements are made for promotional programs to ensure that products can be sold according to the time schedule. Sales preparations include advertising, training of sales staff and salesmen, establishment of relevant organizational networks and provision of special sales facilities.
10. Acceptance and delivery
Acceptance and delivery is the most critical part of the project implementation phase. This link generally includes pre-operation inspection, commissioning, operational testing, acceptance and delivery.
(ii) Project implementation time schedule
The time required for each activity of project implementation can be determined based on the project implementation schedule. In order to make the project implementation timetable well articulated, balanced and coordinated, it is necessary to carry out a systematic analysis of the entire process of the project, integrated and balanced. Preparation of the schedule of the main line of the method of line diagrams and network diagrams of two types.
1. line drawing. Line drawing, also known as crosswalk diagram, is a traditional management method. Its basic content is: ① the project implementation plan is divided into a number of ten items (operational activities or operational units); ② with the horizontal coordinates of the "time", the long vertical coordinates of the operational activities, each work with a line; ③ lines at the end of the operational activities of the beginning and end of the time; ④ the length of its completion of the new operational activities required time. The length is the time needed to complete the new work activities.
2. Network diagram. For large, complex integrated construction projects (such as joint ventures, project complex), its construction activities only many interlinked and continuous activities. It is necessary to prepare a network diagram. Network diagram is the use of an integrated approach to the arrangement of small production construction work used in a diagram, also known as flow chart.
Project implementation schedule usually consists of the following three steps:
(1) The planner should determine the logical order of tasks in the implementation. For example, it is necessary for detailed engineering to prioritize construction and installation; company organization must be completed prior to determining staffing.
(2) The planner should analyze how specific tasks will be accomplished. The analysis can indicate which tasks can be further broken down into subtasks. For example, detailed design is accomplished by an architect and an engineer*** together. Similarly, sub-tasks are to be appropriately timed to reflect the interdependence of the tasks. The analyst will first analyze the content of each subtask so that the time required to complete each subtask can be determined.
(3) The analyst may establish an implementation schedule. The implementation schedule indicates the proposed start time and duration of project implementation, specifying where and when each activity and task fits into the overall implementation plan. The description of each task should include the work to be performed, the resources required, the time needed to complete the task, the responsibility for the task, information about the investment required for the task, the results to be produced, and the interconnections with other activities.