1, procurement leadership system
Procurement leadership system, that is, procurement decision-making system, is divided into leadership systems according to what to purchase, how much to purchase, when to purchase, and so on. There are three specific types:
(1) concentration
The purchasing decision-making power is concentrated in the head office, and other branches or sub-branches have no right to purchase, which is suitable for small enterprises or enterprises with concentrated branches (sub-branches). The characteristics of centralization are as follows: (1) the purchase volume is large, so you can enjoy quantity discount and reduce the purchase price; ② Centralized procurement and overall arrangement can save a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources; (3) At present, most chain stores adopt this decision-making system, such as Yaohan Group.
(2) Decentralized system
Decentralize purchasing decision-making power to branches or factories. Generally, large-scale enterprises, and branches (branches) are scattered all over the country, and the materials required by each branch (branch) of the enterprise are quite different, so enterprises often adopt this leadership system. This kind of leadership system can fully mobilize the enthusiasm of branches and reduce the procedures of internal material allocation, but it is not conducive to the unified management of procurement funds, wasting manpower, material resources and financial resources, unable to enjoy price concessions, and making the procurement price higher.
(3) Hybrid system
Branches (branches) of an enterprise need the same items and the purchase amount is large, and the head office purchases them in a unified way, and the branches purchase different items with smaller amounts and temporarily purchase them by themselves. In this way, on the one hand, the procurement funds can be managed reasonably and uniformly, the enthusiasm of each branch can be mobilized, and the business needs can be met in time.
2. Economic responsibility system
The economic responsibility system is a management system that scientifically determines the economic responsibilities and interests of relevant departments and personnel in accordance with the requirements of objective economic laws and with the goal of improving economic benefits and service quality. Defining the economic responsibility system is conducive to maintaining a good working order of the purchasing team, improving work efficiency and attaching importance to economic accounting, thus improving economic benefits. The economic responsibility system of the purchasing department usually has the following aspects:
(1) post responsibility system
The post responsibility system is the central link of the procurement system. Establishing and improving the procurement post responsibility system can ensure that everyone in the procurement department is responsible, everything is managed, the objectives are clear, the responsibilities are clear, the work is orderly, the sense of responsibility of employees is enhanced, the enthusiasm of work is mobilized, and their intelligence is brought into play; It can plug the loopholes in work and ensure the good order of procurement work.
Although the post responsibility system is different for different types of enterprise procurement, the general procurement department has different posts, and different posts have different responsibilities. Combined with the actual procurement work, we believe that the responsibilities of the personnel in the procurement department are:
The responsibilities of the purchasing supervisor and planner are as follows: ① Making the purchasing plan; (2) Formulate and modify the procurement system; (3) Overall arrangement of procurement funds; (4) Supervise and evaluate the purchasing personnel and guide their work; ⑤ Review and management of contracts; ⑥ Deciding to purchase business activities to improve economic benefits; ⑦ Organize and lead purchasing personnel to collect market information, predict the supply and its trend, and be a good staff member of the competent leaders of enterprises; ⑧ Instruct purchasing personnel to have a good relationship with suppliers. The responsibilities of general procurement personnel are: ① market research on supply, price and service; (2) Negotiate with suppliers to determine relevant matters, such as price, quality, delivery date and settlement conditions; 3 urging goods; ④ Handling returns and claims; ⑤ Checking and payment of invoices; 6. Go through warehousing procedures; ⑦ Establish a good relationship with suppliers; (8) Collect configuration information, predict available resources and their trends, and provide reference for leaders to make decisions; Pet-name ruby save procurement costs, improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
(2) Procurement cost contract system
This is a form for the purchasing department to strengthen economic accounting. In practical work, the procurement cost of many enterprises greatly exceeds the normal cost level, which leads to low economic benefits in the procurement process and affects the improvement of the economic benefits of the whole enterprise. Therefore, it is particularly important to control the expenditure level of procurement expenses in the form of system.
The procurement cost contract system is to implement the procurement cost index to every post and every purchaser, and only allow them to spend within the prescribed cost standard, thus controlling the procurement cost. In the actual operation process, it can be controlled by relative numbers, such as the cost per ton of goods purchased or the cost per hundred yuan of goods. It can also be controlled by absolute numbers. For example, it is stipulated that the purchasing department should complete the purchasing task as required. For the department that overspends, the total monthly purchasing cost level is shared by the purchasing department and the buyer. The cost-saving part can be distributed by the purchasing department and the purchasing personnel themselves to stimulate their sense of responsibility.
3. Reward and punishment system
In order to arouse the enthusiasm of purchasing personnel, give full play to their intelligence and try to do a good job, enterprises should establish and improve various forms of reward and punishment systems, and truly embody the distribution spirit of "doing more and doing less, doing well and doing badly, doing nothing, with light and heavy". Appropriate rewards should be given to some procurement personnel who have made outstanding achievements and worked hard; For those procurement personnel who are lax in their work and have poor performance, and even bring economic losses to enterprises, they should be given necessary punishment or even clear the procurement team.
When establishing the reward and punishment system, we should pay attention to two points: first, we should grasp the "incentive degree", that is, we should widen the grades, not engage in egalitarianism, reward high and punish heavy, so that the reward and punishment measures can really play an incentive role. On the other hand, we should pay attention to the combination of various reward and punishment methods. According to psychological theory, people's needs are various, and material rewards can only meet the material needs of employees. Too much emphasis on material incentives will lead to the wrong idea that "everything is for money" and its role is limited. We advocate the cooperation between material rewards and other forms of rewards, such as spiritual encouragement (evaluation of advanced, praise, promotion, etc.). The same is true of punishment, which can be fine, administrative punishment or even dismissal from public office, so that the reward and punishment system is really effective.
4. Monitoring system
To implement the procurement system, we must adhere to strict supervision and assessment. Without strict supervision, the procurement system will become a mere formality, and strict supervision is based on scientific evaluation. There are three methods of supervision in practical work: first, the person in charge of procurement checks the implementation of various departments and employees vertically; The second is to organize the heads of relevant departments to conduct horizontal joint inspections; The third is personal self-examination.
When formulating the supervision system, we should pay attention to two aspects: first, the use and supervision of power, and check whether there is any procurement behavior of abuse of power and abuse of power for personal gain; The second is the corresponding responsibility supervision and inspection, to check whether the responsibility is implemented in each unit and everyone, and whether there is unclear responsibility and mutual shirking.
5. Democratic management system
Realizing democratic management system is an important trend of modern enterprises, and the nature of state-owned enterprises determines that democratic management is a basic system. The purchasing department should also emphasize democratic management. The implementation of democratic management can better combine democracy with centralization and mobilize the enthusiasm of employees; Be able to concentrate the wisdom of the vast number of procurement personnel, brainstorm and formulate a * * * business plan; We can close the relationship between cadres and the masses and overcome bureaucracy and blind command; It can also help solve contradictions and disputes within the procurement department and promote the stability and unity of the procurement department.
On the one hand, the implementation of democratic management system requires enterprises to advocate democratic style of work within the procurement department, and some major procurement decisions should not be decided only by the person in charge of procurement. To mobilize everyone to discuss, every buyer should deal with suppliers every day, be familiar with market conditions, give full play to his wisdom, and improve the accuracy of purchasing decisions; On the other hand, we should also seek the opinions of other departments of the enterprise and adopt his rationalization suggestions, especially the sales department and the market development department, because they deal with customers every day, understand the needs of consumers, understand the market dynamics and listen to their rationalization suggestions, which can often ensure that the purchased goods are marketable and meet the needs of consumers, thus improving the economic and social benefits of the enterprise. Establishing and perfecting the procurement management system is the basic work to do a good job in procurement and ensure the benign operation of the procurement department. It is a long-term process, and various systems need to be constantly improved to reflect their scientific nature. We also emphasize the coordination among procurement systems, the cooperation among systems and the isomorphism of enterprise procurement systems. Such rules and regulations can really play a role.