Thomas Alva Edison (Thomas Alva Edison, 1847~1931): an American, although he only studied in school for three months in his life, he invented more than 1,000 kinds of achievements, such as electric light, telegraph, phonograph, and movie, etc., through diligent learning and thinking, and he became a famous inventor, and was known as the "King of Inventions", and made great contributions to the civilization and progress of mankind.
Edison is also a great entrepreneur, in 1879, Edison founded the "Edison Electric Lighting Company", 1880, incandescent lamps on the market for sale, 1890, Edison has been its various businesses organized into Edison General Electric Company. 1891, Edison's fine filament, high-vacuum incandescent bulb was patented.In 1892, the Tom? Houston Company merged with the Edison Power & Light Company to form General Electric, beginning GE's century-long dominance in the electrical field.
[edit]Biography
Edison was born on February 11, 1847, in the small town of Milan, Ohio, in the Midwestern United States. His father was of Dutch descent, and his mother, a former elementary school teacher, was of Scottish descent. When Edison was seven years old, his father lost money in the shingle business and moved the family to Fort Gratiot, a northern suburb of Huron, Michigan. Soon after moving here, Edison contracted scarlet fever and was ill for a long time, and it is believed that this disease was the cause of his deafness. Edison went to school at the age of eight, but after only three months of schooling, he was dismissed by his teacher as an "imbecile" (he was expelled from school for being "dull and stupid"). From then on, his mother was his "tutor" and decided to teach her son to read and write, and to teach him to be honest, to love his country and to love mankind. Thanks to his mother's good teaching methods, he developed a strong interest in reading. "He was not only well-read, but he could read at a glance".At the age of 8, he read the writings of Shakespeare and Dickens, the most important playwrights of the English Renaissance, as well as many important history books.By the age of 9, he was able to read and understand difficult books, such as Parker's Natural and Experimental Philosophy, very quickly.
Edison's earliest interest in the natural sciences was in chemistry. at the age of 10, he had a passion for chemistry. He collected two hundred or so bottles and saved every penny to buy chemicals to fill them. at age 11, he experimented with his first telegraph. To earn money to buy chemicals and equipment, he began working, and at age 12, he got a job selling newspapers on trains, traveling between Port Huron and Detroit, Michigan. He sold newspapers while doing fruit and vegetable business, as long as he had time he went to the library to read. 1861 the United States broke out in the Civil War, just turned 14 years old Edison bought an old printing press, the use of the train's convenience, set up a small newspaper (weekly) - "Herald", to pass the war and news along the way, the first issue of the weekly was printed on the train, the first issue was printed on the train. The first issue was printed on the train. He was the reporter, editor, typesetter, proofreader, printer and distributor. The tabloid was well received, and he grew in talent, knowledge and experience from the intense work, and earned enough money to continue his chemical experiments. With the money he earned he set up a chemical laboratory in the baggage car. Unfortunately, however, once when he was doing his experiments on the train, the train suddenly lurched, causing a piece of phosphorus to fall on a wooden board and cause it to burn. The conductor rushed to extinguish the flames, but also gave him a hard slap on the face, deafened both his ears, he was thrown off the train, when Edison was only 15 years old. (Another story is that on one unfortunate occasion a chemical caught fire and he was thrown out of the car with his equipment. On another occasion, when Edison was trying to board a freight train, a conductor grabbed him by both ears and helped him on board. This action resulted in Edison becoming deaf for life.)
The setback did not discourage Edison, who became fascinated with the telegraph again, and after much study, in 1868 he invented an automatic electric recorder, his first invention. Later he invented two new types of telegraphs, and in 1877 he invented the carbon-based telephone transmitter, which made the sound of the original telephone clearer; in addition, he also invented the phonograph. People called him "The Magician".
In September 1878, when Edison was 31 years old, he began to study the electric light. At that time, gas lamps have replaced kerosene lamps, but the flame flickers, and in the extinguishing of harmful gases; arc lamps have been invented, and used in public **** place, but due to the combustion of hissing sound and light is too dazzling, not suitable for indoor. At that time, many scientists in Europe and the United States have been exploring the manufacture of a new stable luminous body.
Edison, who had studied arc lamps, announced that he could invent a light that would satisfy people, but needed money. By then he was a man who had patented 170 inventions, and his inventions were so profitable to capitalists that a consortium was willing to offer him grants. After thousands of failures, in April 1879 he improved on the rod and tube lamps of his predecessors, and made a glass globe; and on October 21, 1879, he fastened a carbon-treated cotton thread inside a glass bulb, drew out the air, sealed the mouth, and turned on the electric current, and it glowed, and a new kind of illumination appeared.
Between 1880 and 1882, Edison designed electric light sockets, electric knobs, fuses, current cutoffs, meters, hanging lamps, but also designed the main line and branch system, and made the world's largest capacity generator at the time, and the establishment of the first power plant in New York, opened up the first civilian lighting system. Later he invented the movie camera with George Eastman. Edison's three major inventions: the phonograph, the electric light and power system, and the motion picture camera, enriched and improved the civilized life of mankind.
Edison died on October 18 (one says October 9), 1931, at the age of 84 years. Yet no one has yet been able to break his record of holding 1,099 patents for his inventions, and people call him the King of Inventions.
[edit]Cause of death
Cause of death: uremia
Location: West Orange, United States; Buried: West Orange, United States
August 1, 1931, Edison felt unwell, and was diagnosed by a doctor as suffering from a number of ailments at the same time: chronic nephritis, uremia, and diabetes mellitus. a medical bulletin published in The New York Times on August 4 stated that, "Mr. Edison is as dangerous as if he were in danger. Mr. Edison was like a boat sailing in a dangerous strait, which may or may not be safe, and on October 13 Edison hit the "reef" and fell into a coma.
The reason why Edison invented the electric light
Edison's family was very poor when he was a child, and at that time, candles and kerosene were very expensive items, almost all of which had to be imported. Then Edison thought and thought and thought every day, and finally came up with a good way, because the cheapest thing at that time was the power supply. So Edison connected the light emitter to a power source to produce light for the benefit of poor people around the world.
Edison's story
One snowy night, Edison's mother suddenly fell ill, and his father rushed to the doctor. The doctor said, "Your mother has acute appendicitis and needs an operation." In those days, there were only oil lamps and no electric lamps. The light from the oil lamps was very dim, so if you were not careful, you would make the wrong incision. Edison suddenly thought of a good way, he put all the oil lamps in the house all out, and then put a mirror in the back of the oil lamp, so that the doctor successfully completed the operation. The doctor said, "Son you are using your wisdom and intelligence to save your mother." Edison took his mom's hand and said, "Mom I'm going to make a night sun."
So Edison sparked the idea of inventing the light bulb
[edit]Life - Inventions - Scientific Journey
In August 1862, Edison saved a boy who was about to be killed on the train tracks with fearless heroism. The boy's father was grateful, but with no money to reward him, was willing to teach him telegraphy. From then on, Edison became involved with this mysterious new world of electricity and embarked on a journey of science.
In 1863, Edison worked as a telecommunication telegraph operator at Stratford Junction station of the Grand Trunk Railway. From 1864 to 1867, he lived a nomadic life as a telegraph operator throughout the Midwest. His travels included Stratford, Adrian, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Connecticut, Nashville, Tennessee, Memphis, Louisville, and Huron.
In 1868, Edison came to Boston as a newspaper clerk. That same year, he received his first patent for an invention. It was a device that automatically recorded the number of votes cast. Edison thought the device would speed up the work of Congress and that it would be popular. However, a congressman told him that they had no intention of speeding up the agenda and that there were times when slow voting was politically necessary. From then on, Edison decided that he would never again work on any invention that people didn't need.
In early June 1869, he traveled to New York to look for work. While he was waiting to be summoned at a broker's office, a telegraph broke down. Edison was the only one there who could fix the telegraph, so he got a better job than he expected, and in October he joined with Pope to form the Pope-Edison Company, which specialized in scientific instruments for electrical engineering. Here he invented the "Edison Universal Press". He offered this printing press to the manager of a large Wall Street firm, and wanted to ask for 5,000 dollars, but lacked the courage to say it. So he asked the manager to give him a price, and he gave him $40,000 dollars.
Edison used the money to build a factory on Ward Street in Newark, New Jersey, specializing in all kinds of electrical machinery. He worked through the night. He developed many capable assistants, and also met the industrious Mary (Mary Stilwell), his first future bride. In Newark, he made inventions such as waxed paper and the mimeograph, and from 1872 to 1875, Edison invented the two- and four-weight telegraph, and assisted others in getting the world's first English-language typewriter.
In the spring of 1876, Edison moved again, this time to New Jersey (New Jersey) "Monroe Park". Here he built the first "invention factory", which "marked the beginning of collective research". 1877, Edison improved the early invention of the telephone by Bell, and put it into practical use. He also invented one of his beloved projects, the phonograph. The telephone and telegraph "were a revolution in the extension of the functions of the human senses"; the phonograph was one of the three major inventions that changed people's lives, and "from the point of view of the imagination of the invention, it was his most significant inventive achievement." By this time, people were calling him "the magician of Menlo Park".
Edison in the invention of the phonograph at the same time, after countless failures finally made a breakthrough in the study of electric light, October 22, 1879, Edison lit the first really have a wide range of practical value of electric light. In order to extend the life of the filament, he re-examined, about tried more than 6000 kinds of fiber materials, only to find a new luminescent body - Japanese bamboo filament, which can last for more than 1,000 hours, to achieve the purpose of durability. In one respect, this invention was the crowning achievement of Edison's life. Next, he created a power supply system that allowed distant lamps to distribute electricity from a central power station, a major craft achievement.
His first discovery in pure science came in 1883. Experimenting with electric lamps, he observed what he called the Edison effect: a charge traveling from a hot filament through space to a cold plate inside a lit bulb. Edison patented this discovery in 1884, but did not study it further. Instead, scientists next to him used the Edison effect to develop the electronics industry, especially radio and television.
Edison also attempted to do for the eye what the phonograph did for the ear, and the movie camera was born. Using a strip of George Eastman's newly invented celluloid film, he took a series of photographs and projected them rapidly and continuously onto a curtain, creating the illusion of motion. He first experimented with motion pictures in his laboratory in 1889 and applied for a patent in 1891, and in 1903 his company produced its first feature film, "Train Robbery." Edison did much to organize and standardize the film industry.
After Edison moved his laboratory to West Orange in 1887, he founded a number of commercial companies to manufacture and market his many inventions; these companies were later merged into the Edison General Electric Company, later known as General Electric. Thereafter, his interests turned to fluoroscopy, ore mashing machines, magnetic separation of iron, storage batteries, and railroad signaling devices.
During World War I, he developed torpedo mechanisms, flamethrowers and underwater periscopes.
On October 21, 1929, on the 50th anniversary of the invention of the electric light, a great celebration was held for Edison, with famous scientists such as Albert Einstein of Germany (the German Bundesrepublik Deutschland*** and the State of Germany) and Madame Curie of France (born in Poland) congratulating him. Unfortunately, it was at this celebration that Edison suddenly fainted due to over-excitement when he delivered his reply. Since then, his health is deteriorating. 1931 October 18, this has made great contributions to mankind's scientists died of illness, aged 84 years.
Edison's culture is very low, the contribution to mankind is so great, here's the "secret" is what? In addition to a curious heart, a personal test instinct, is that he has more than ordinary people's hard work of endless energy and bold spirit. When someone called Edison a "genius", he explained: "Genius is one percent inspiration plus 99 percent sweat." He was in the "invention factory", the organization of many different professional people, including scientists, engineers, technicians, workers *** more than 100 people, Edison's many major inventions is to rely on the collective power to achieve success. His achievements are mainly attributed to his hard work and creative talent and the power of the collective, in addition, his wife had also played a fairly important role.
Edison only attended elementary school for three months in his life, and his learning came through his mother's teaching and self-study. His success should also be attributed to his mother's understanding and patience in teaching him since he was a child, so that the original was considered to be an imbecile Edison, grew up to become a world-famous "king of invention.
Some people have made statistics: Edison's inventions in his life, officially registered in the Patent Office of about 1,300 kinds of. 1881 is his invention of the highest record year. This year, he applied for the filing of 141 kinds of inventions, an average of every three days there is a new invention.
The life of the great inventor Edison tells us that great achievements come out of hard labor.
Edison will not be forgotten as time passes, his life is honorable, and everything he did was for mankind. Edison had the determination to build electric lights when he was a child, and he used his intelligence to save his mom, when it was still time for surgery.