First, the policy environment, mainly to solve the heavy tax burden of small and micro enterprises and financing and loan difficulties. At present, the high tax burden of small and micro-enterprises is still an important reason for their meager profits, difficulties in survival and poor transformation. According to the statistics of the relevant departments, there are currently 19 tax types in China***, and the tax types and tax rates involved in different enterprises vary according to their industries, business scope, mode of operation and scale. At the same time, in business operations for more than 20 departments to pay a variety of administrative costs up to more than 60 kinds of, for example, industrial and commercial annual inspection to charge, product quality inspection to charge, environmental health to charge, the police station to charge for the joint defense, and so on, and the charges are not low, resulting in an unbearable burden on the enterprise.
In particular, the small and micro-enterprise loan problem is still very prominent. According to the National Federation of Industry and Commerce survey shows that 95% of the country's small and micro-enterprises do not have any lending relationship with financial institutions. Especially in times of economic contraction, all financial institutions are more willing to tilt scarce financial resources to large enterprises, which objectively forms a squeeze on small and micro enterprises. And micro and small enterprises in order to survive, can only go to loan sharks, thus further increasing the operating costs and pressure of micro and small enterprises.
The second is the market environment, mainly to solve the problem of equal competition opportunities such as market access for small and micro enterprises. At present, this aspect of the problem is more prominent, because most of the small and micro enterprises are non-public enterprises, they are often in the enterprise land, project bidding, access to business rights and many other aspects of frequent discrimination and other unfair treatment.
Third is the legal environment, mainly to solve the applicable regulations for small and micro enterprises. At present, there are still many institutional gaps in this regard for small and micro-enterprises, it should be said that small and micro-enterprises in some aspects of both the lack of legal system to regulate and the lack of legal system to protect. For example, at present, the vast majority of micro and small enterprises are still not included in the formal financial system of guarantee and credit system, they can not be in the financial institutions of the credit system to check the credit record.
Then there is a lack of clear regulations on the evaluation of titles and technical ratings of technical personnel in small and micro enterprises, and in particular a lack of institutional protection for the worries of employees of small and micro enterprises, such as wage increase mechanisms and medical care, pensions, work-related injuries, labor insurance, vacations, and rights and interests of employees, and many other security issues, etc., are still lacking in the institutional constraints. At present, the main reason why the employers are willing to go to the central enterprises and state-owned enterprises is that the regulation and legal protection of small and micro-enterprises in this regard is still not sound.
At the same time, the social responsibility of large enterprises is also related to people's livelihood. Due to the strong contribution of large enterprises to society, as long as large enterprises can take the initiative to undertake more social responsibility, such as expanding business to increase employment, more domestic equipment to stimulate the domestic industry to promote employment; do more for the staff insurance, welfare, good treatment of retired workers, not as a burden for the provision of welfare and protection of employees and burdens, so that the staff to live in a secure way; do more to do some of the relief of poverty, social assistance and social charities such as housing construction Social assistance and social philanthropy; do more to reduce environmental pollution, enhance production and product safety and other aspects of things, large enterprises will become a social "stabilizer.