Question 2: What industries are included in the manufacturing industry The entity processing manufacturing industry, can be called manufacturing.
The main classification of manufacturing
01 Agricultural Food Processing Industry
02 Food Manufacturing
03 Wine, Beverage and Refined Tea Manufacturing
04 Tobacco Products Industry
05 Textile
06 Textile Clothing and Apparel Industry
07 Leather, Fur, Feather, and their products and footwear industry
08 wood processing and wood, bamboo, rattan, palm and grass products industry
09 furniture manufacturing industry
10 paper and paper products industry
11 printing and recording media reproduction industry
12 Arts and education, industrial and aesthetic, sports and recreational goods manufacturing industry
13 petroleum processing, coking and nuclear fuel processing industry
14 Chemical Materials and Chemical Products Manufacturing Industry
15 Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Industry
16 Chemical Fiber Manufacturing Industry
17 Rubber and Plastic Products Industry
18 Non-Metallic Mineral Products Industry
19 Ferrous Metals Smelting and Rolling Processing Industry
20 Nonferrous Metals Smelting and Rolling Processing Industry
21 Metal Products Industry
22 General Equipment Manufacturing Industry
23 Special Purpose Equipment Manufacturing Industry
24 Automobile Manufacturing Industry
25 Railway, Shipbuilding, Aerospace and Other Transportation Equipment Manufacturing Industry
26 Electrical Machinery and Equipment Manufacturing Industry
27 Computer, Communication and Other Electronic Equipment Manufacturing Industry
28 Instrumentation and Equipment Manufacturing Industry
27 Computer, Communication and Other Electronic Equipment Manufacturing Industry
28 Instrumentation and Equipment Manufacturing Industry
28 Instrumentation Manufacturing
29 Other Manufacturing
30 Comprehensive Utilization of Waste Resources
31 Metal Products, Machinery and Equipment Repair
Question 3: What are the specialties included in the Mechanical category? Mechanical belongs to engineering, including majors are:
Mechanical Design and Manufacturing and Automation
Material Forming and Control Engineering
Industrial Design
Process Equipment and Control Engineering
Vehicle Engineering
Mechanical Engineering and Automation
Mechanical Electronic Engineering
Automotive Service Engineering
Automotive Utilization Engineering
Logistics Equipment
E-Commerce
Manufacturing Engineering
Mechanical
Mechanical Design and Manufacturing and Automation
Turbine Engineering Technology
Electrical Automation Technology (Automatic Control Technology)
Mechanical Design and Manufacturing (Ship Engine Manufacturing Process and Equipment)
Mechatronics Overhead
Welding Technology and Automation
Physical and Chemical Testing and Quality Inspection Technology (Welding Quality Inspection Technology)
Automotive Command
Drone Utilization Engineering
Railway Rolling Stock
Electromechanical Equipment Operation and Maintenance
Thermal Energy Power Equipment and Applications
Air Vehicle Manufacturing Engineering
CNC Technology Applications
Mechanical Manufacturing and Automation
Question 4: What industries does the machinery industry refer to There are a wide variety of mechanical equipment. When mechanical equipment operates, some of its components and even itself can perform different forms of mechanical movement. Mechanical equipment consists of a driving device, variable speed device, transmission device, working device, braking device, protective device, lubrication system, cooling system and other parts.
The main products of the machinery industry include the following 12 categories:
(1) Agricultural machinery: tractors, seeders, harvesting machinery and so on.
(2) heavy mining machinery: metallurgical machinery, mining machinery, lifting machinery, loading and unloading machinery, industrial and mining vehicles, cement equipment and so on.
(3) construction machinery: forklifts, earth moving machinery, compaction machinery, concrete machinery, etc..
(4) petrochemical general machinery: oil drilling machinery, refining machinery, chemical machinery, pumps, fans, valves, gas compressors, refrigeration and air-conditioning machinery, paper machinery, printing machinery, plastics processing machinery, pharmaceutical machinery and so on.
(5) electrical machinery: power generation machinery, transformers, motors, high and low voltage switches, wires and cables, storage batteries, welding machines, household appliances.
(6) machine tools: metal cutting machine tools, forging machinery, casting machinery, woodworking machinery and so on.
(7) automobile: trucks, highway buses, cars, modified cars, motorcycles and so on.
(8) Instrumentation: automation instrumentation, electrical instrumentation, optical instruments, composition analyzers, automotive instrumentation, electrical equipment, e-learning equipment, cameras and so on.
(9) basic machinery: bearings, hydraulic parts, seals, powder metallurgy products, standard fasteners, industrial chains, gears, molds and so on.
(10) packaging machinery: packaging machines, carton machines, conveyors, etc..
(11) environmental protection machinery: water pollution prevention and control equipment, air pollution prevention and control equipment, solid waste treatment equipment.
(12) mining machinery
Question 5: What is called equipment manufacturing and machinery manufacturing? What is the difference between them? (1) the concept of equipment manufacturing
At present, the rest of the world, including international organizations do not put forward the concept of "equipment manufacturing". The concept of "equipment manufacturing industry" can be said to be unique to our country. Its formal appearance, seen in 1998 the central economic work conference clearly put forward "to vigorously develop the equipment manufacturing industry". (Central Economic Work Conference: Economic Daily News, December 10, 1998, p. 1) The core of the manufacturing industry is the equipment manufacturing industry. For the equipment manufacturing industry, people's understanding is not the same, there is no recognized consistent definition and scope definition. It is generally recognized that the manufacturing industry includes the equipment manufacturing industry and the final consumer goods manufacturing industry. Equipment manufacturing industry is for the national economy for simple reproduction and expanded reproduction to provide production technology and equipment for the industry in general, that is, "the production of machine machine manufacturing industry".
Equipment manufacturing industry, also known as the equipment industry, mainly refers to the capital goods manufacturing industry, is to meet the development of various sectors of the national economy and national security needs and manufacturing a variety of technical equipment industry. According to the national economy industry classification, its product range includes machinery, electronics and weapons industry in the investment class of manufactured goods, belonging to the metal products industry, general equipment manufacturing, special equipment manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical equipment and equipment manufacturing, electronics and communications equipment manufacturing, instrumentation and cultural office equipment manufacturing 7 categories of 185 sub-categories.
The major technical equipment refers to the equipment manufacturing industry in the technical difficulty, complete sets of strong, of great significance to the national economy, the national economy and people's livelihood has a significant impact on the need to organize cross-sectoral, cross-industry, cross-regional in order to complete the major complete sets of technical equipment.
(2) equipment manufacturing industry contains the content of the practice of Yuanjian (the development of equipment manufacturing industry thinking about the classification. Electromechanical product development and innovation, 2001.5 (total 70th)) that: can be mainly based on the product knowledge content and technical difficulty, supplemented by the necessity of direct state regulation, the equipment is divided into five types, according to the distinction of the equipment manufacturing industry to consider the development of the policy and countermeasures.
? General class equipment (general equipment). Basically the traditional machinery manufacturing products, whether it is a machine pump valves, construction machinery, agricultural machinery, construction machinery, transportation machinery ... ..., the vast majority should belong to the general class of equipment.
? Basic equipment (the core of the equipment manufacturing industry). Mainly includes machine tools, tools, molds, gauges, instruments, basic parts and components, broadly speaking, also includes the corresponding basic technology (including design and manufacturing technology) and basic materials.
? Complete sets of equipment. Mainly refers to production lines, etc.
? Safety and security equipment. Mainly refers to new military equipment, cutting-edge scientific research equipment, key equipment to ensure economic security.
? High-tech key equipment (frontier core equipment). The most typical high-tech key equipment such as ultra-large-scale integrated circuit production of single-crystal stretching, wafer cutting and throwing, coating lithography, packaging and testing and other core technology equipment.
Zou Shichen (to information technology to drive the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry, construction mechanization, 2002, No. 1, p. 24.) That the equipment manufacturing industry mainly consists of three aspects:
First, the major advanced basic machinery, that is, manufacturing equipment equipment - industrial "mother machine", including numerical control machine tools (NC), flexible manufacturing unit (FMC), flexible manufacturing system (FMS), flexible manufacturing system (FMS). (FMS), Computer Integrated Manufacturing System (CIMS), industrial robots, large-scale integrated circuits and electronic manufacturing equipment, etc.;
The second is an important mechanical and electronic basic parts, mainly advanced hydraulic, pneumatic, bearings, seals, molds, cutting tools, low-voltage electrical appliances, microelectronics and power electronics, instrumentation and automation control systems, etc.;
The third is Science and technology in various sectors of the national economy, military production of major sets of technical equipment required, such as mineral resources, well mining and open-pit mining equipment, large-scale thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power equipment, petrochemical, coal chemical, salt chemical equipment, ferrous and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling equipment, aviation, railroads, highways and shipping, and other advanced transportation equipment required, sewage, garbage, and large flue gas purification and treatment of large-scale environmental protection equipment, large rivers, tunnel excavation, water and gas transmission and other large-scale projects required for the complete sets of equipment, construction machinery complete sets of equipment, and so on.
Question six: precision machinery manufacturing including which industries Precision manufacturing industry is mainly precision and ultra-precision machining technology and manufacturing automation in two major areas, the former pursues the processing of precision and surface quality limits, the latter includes the automation of product design, manufacturing and management, which is not only a rapid response to market demand, increase productivity, improve labor conditions, and is an important means to ensure product quality, but also an effective measure to ensure product quality. Effective initiatives, the two have a close relationship, many precision and ultra-precision machining to rely on automation technology to achieve the desired targets, and many manufacturing automation depends on precision machining to achieve accurate and reliable. Both have a global, decisive role, is the pillar of advanced manufacturing technology.
So it mainly includes the metal products industry, special equipment manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, railroad, shipbuilding, aerospace and other transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment manufacturing, computer, communications and other electronic equipment manufacturing, instrumentation manufacturing and so on.
Question 7: What are the machinery manufacturing companies? Keywords: machinery manufacturing industry top 20 China machinery manufacturing industry top 20 machinery manufacturing industry top 20 machinery manufacturing enterprises top 20 China machinery manufacturing enterprises top 20 China machinery manufacturing top 20
China's top 500 manufacturing industry, machinery manufacturing industry top 20 rankings came out on August 30th, "China's top 500 manufacturing industry "2008 data by the China Academy of Industrial Economics statistics. China Academy of Industrial Economics has been five consecutive years to organize research and successful release of "China's top 500 manufacturing industry research report", greatly enhanced the community's attention and support for the manufacturing industry. *** Premier in the *** work report specifically pointed out that: "China's manufacturing industry, is the highlight of China's economy, but also an important support point for China's economy, to further strengthen and expand the equipment manufacturing industry, and improve the level of integrated innovation and localization of the equipment manufacturing industry."
For the selection criteria of the top 20 sales revenue of China's machinery manufacturing industry, please see the website of China's top 20 machinery manufacturing enterprises
For the selection criteria of the top 20 total assets of China's machinery manufacturing industry, please see the website of China's top 20 machinery manufacturing enterprises
For the selection criteria of the top 20 total profits of China's machinery manufacturing industry, please see the website of China's top 20 machinery manufacturing enterprises
Please refer to the website of China Top 20 Machinery Manufacturing Enterprises for the selection criteria of China Top 20 Owners' Equity
Please refer to the website of China Top 20 Machinery Manufacturing Enterprises for the selection criteria of China Top 20 R&D Investment
Please refer to the website of China Top 20 Machinery Manufacturing Enterprises for the selection criteria of China Top 20 Employees in the Machinery Manufacturing Industry
In this regard, China Academy of Industrial Economics has decided to continue to cooperate with the China Academy of Industrial Economics (CAIE) this year to promote the development of China's machinery industry. The Institute of Industrial Economics decided to continue to work with the World Enterprise Competitiveness Laboratory, the World Association of Manufacturers, the Global Manufacturing Review Chinese version of the co-sponsorship of the 2008 (fourth) "China's top 500 manufacturing industries" and "China's top 20 machinery manufacturing" sorting and publishing activities, according to the China Institute of Industrial Economics. Based on the 2008 statistical results of the China Academy of Industrial Economics, and with reference to international statistical standards, and in accordance with the basic principle of objectivity and fairness, the "Top 500 Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises" and "Top 20 Chinese Machinery Manufacturing Enterprises" were selected according to the enterprise's sales revenue (operating income), total assets, total profit, owner's equity, R&D investment, and the number of employees.
The following list of China's top 20 machinery manufacturing industry:
1 China National Machinery Industry Corporation
2 Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation
3 Weichai Holding Group Co.
4 China Eastern Electric Group Corporation
5 Harbin Power Station Equipment Group Corporation
6 Xuzhou Construction Machinery Group Co. Ltd.
7 Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery (Group) Co.
8 Changsha Zhonglian Heavy Industry Science and Technology Development Co.
9 Sany Group Co.
10 Shandong Shifeng (Group) Co.
11 Beijing Beijing Jingcheng Mechanical and Electrical Holding Co.
12 Guangxi LiuGong Group Co.
12 Beijing LiuGong Group Co. LiuGong Group Co.
13 Xi'an Electric Power Machinery Manufacturing Company
14 TBEA Corporation
15 Shandong Construction Machinery Group Co.
16 Dalian Heavy Industry? Ltd.
17 Dalian Bingshan Group Co.
18 Baosheng Group Co.
19 Foton Leiwo International Heavy Industry Co.
20 Shenyang Machine Tool (Group) Co.
Question 8: What are the five occupational hazards in the machinery manufacturing industry? What are the main occupational disease hazards in the machinery manufacturing and processing industry? What are the main occupational hazards in the machinery manufacturing and processing industry?
The main ones are: productive dust in the foundry; high temperature and heat radiation; harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide that can be produced when melting metal and casting; and noise and vibration. Forging workshop of high temperature and heat radiation; carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide harmful gases; and noise, vibration and so on. Heat treatment workshop heating furnace, salt bath can cause high temperature and thermal radiation, high-frequency furnace can cause high-frequency electromagnetic field hazards. The machining workshop will have metal and mineral dust generated during processing. Assembly workshop generally have welding, electroplating and painting and coating operations, long-term inhalation of high concentration of welding dust, can occur welder's pneumoconiosis; in addition, welding, if you do not pay attention to eye protection, can occur electro-optical ophthalmitis; painting can occur when benzene, toluene, xylene poisoning.
What are the main measures to prevent occupational disease hazards in the machinery manufacturing and processing industry?
First, the design and layout of the plant workshop should be in line with the GBZlD2002 "industrial enterprise design health standards" to prevent occupational hazards between the various processes, types of cross-contamination. Such as casting processes in the melting furnace should be placed outdoors or away from the concentration of people; riveters and welding, painting and coating processes should be arranged separately. Secondly, the casting should be selected with low free silica content of sand, and reduce the manual modeling and sand cleaning operations; sand cleaning should be used to clean sand and water blast sand cleaning and hydraulic sand cleaning, installation of high-power ventilation and dust removal system, the implementation of spray wet work to reduce the concentration of dust in the air at the workplace, workers should wear dust masks in line with national standards. Third, the heat treatment and metal melting process to produce chemical poisons in the equipment, to take airtight measures or install local ventilation and detoxification devices; certain quenching, electroplating and painting and coating or the use of adhesives and other workplaces prone to high concentrations of toxic and hazardous gases should be formulated for acute occupational poisoning emergency rescue plan, set up a warning sign, and the relevant operators to wear a gas mask or anti-virus masks, etc. when working. Fourth, we should do a good job of casting, forging in the hammer, air compressor, machining in the grinding, polishing, stamping, shearing, cutting and other high-intensity noise equipment management. High-intensity noise sources can take a centralized arrangement of anti-noise measures, and set up acoustic shielding; aerodynamic noise sources should be in the air intake or exhaust port to take anechoic treatment measures; centralized control room and post operation room should be taken to isolate the sound and sound-absorbing treatment measures; operating personnel into the noise intensity of more than 85dB (A) of the workplace, they should wear anti-noise earplugs or ear muffs. Fifth, for riveting, forging machine, sand pounding machine, sand, sand and other vibration equipment, equipment should be taken to dampen the vibration of the measures or the implementation of rotational operation of the operating staff. Sixth, the generation of high-frequency, microwave and other radio-frequency radiation equipment can take shielding measures to isolate the magnetic field and shielding of the electric field; microwave radiation in the workplace, reflective and absorptive shielding can be used in two shielding methods for shielding. In addition can also take distance isolation protection measures, the operating personnel to take time protection measures and so on. Seven is to prevent heat stroke of high-temperature workers. For casting, forging, heat treatment and other high-temperature operating personnel, from engineering technology, occupational health care, labor organization and management, to take a reasonable arrangement and control of heat sources, supply of heatstroke beverages, rotating operations, as well as to take a series of comprehensive preventive measures such as air conditioning set up in the centralized control room and the operating room, and do a good job in preventing.
Question nine: the challenges faced by the machinery manufacturing industry are those 1. joint venture brought about by the sorrow
Since the reform and opening up, China's large number of the introduction of technology and technology and equipment so that the machinery manufacturing industry has made great strides in development, but also brought a lot of worry. 1990s, large multinational corporations have been entering the domestic market of the machinery industry to kill, mainly in the automotive, electrical appliances, cultural and office equipment, instruments, and other equipment, and the main focus is on the development of the machinery industry. Electrical appliances, cultural and office equipment, instruments and meters, general machinery and construction machinery and other fields, these industries account for about 80% of the amount of foreign direct investment in machinery industry.
Foreign investors' business strategy is: "the basic premise is to invest in China must maintain its control over investment activities", the current multinational enterprises are particularly keen to merge and acquisition of China's high-growth industries in the advantageous enterprises. Currently have been able to see the hanging nozzle oil pump industry, bearing industry.
2. There are many technological black hole
China's machinery manufacturing industry in addition to facing "external enemies" in addition to their own there are many problems. Once upon a time, companies imported machinery into the publicity gimmick.
Insiders believe that China's machinery industry, there is a huge technical "black hole", the most prominent performance is the high degree of dependence on foreign technology. In recent years, China's annual fixed assets for the trillion yuan investment in equipment, more than 60% is the introduction of. As the window of the National High-tech Industrial Development Zone, 57% of the technology from abroad.
According to the statistics of the Machinery Industry Federation, the current contribution rate of new products in industrialized countries is 52%, China is only 5.9%. In the "core technology" with independent intellectual property rights of fewer products, more cloned products. In addition to the results of independent innovation ability to weaken, but also vulnerable to infringement allegations. Even when self-developed technologies emerge, they are easily accused of "plagiarism". The fact that the entire backbone of industrial manufacturing equipment is made of foreign products exposes the weakness of our industrialization. Machinery manufacturing is a country's spine and spinal column, China in the future, if you do not exercise hard, straight, then the entire economy and national defense are weak.
3. Machinery manufacturing industry is nearly 30 years behind
Machinery manufacturing industry in China is still in its infancy, but in Europe and the United States and other developed countries, has become an important link in the whole industrial chain, because of its recycling of resources, cost-effective and high advantages, the application of the developed countries in the West has been more common, but in China's machinery market, the development of the machinery manufacturing industry has encountered a A series of realistic challenges. Compared to Europe and the United States and other developed countries, the development of China's construction machinery remanufacturing industry to be relatively slow.
From the point of view of the development of technology, at present, China's construction machinery local enterprises, in the technology of this piece, but also the lack of a set of mature application standards. From the strict inspection of the vehicle from the factory to the standard decomposition, and then to the cycle of manufacturing a set of molding process technology, the development of the domestic in its infancy, and currently only remain in a few enterprises to pilot, so that the engineering machinery manufacturing technology in the market to promote large-scale obstruction.