First, the introduction of pneumatic transmission:
Pneumatic is "pneumatic technology" or "pneumatic transmission and control" for short. Pneumatic technology is an air compressor as a power source, compressed air as a working medium, energy transfer or signal transfer engineering technology. Is to realize a variety of production control, automatic control of the important means. In the human pursuit of peace with nature **** at the time, research and vigorously develop pneumatic transmission, for the global environment and resource protection has a quite special significance. With the development of industrial mechanization and automation, pneumatic technology is more and more widely used in various fields. In particular, the low-cost, simple structure of the pneumatic automatic device has been widely popularized and applied in the automation of industrial enterprises has a very important position.
The application of pneumatic transmission has a very long history. As early as BC, the Egyptians began to use the bellows to produce compressed air for combustion. Later, people know how to use air as a working medium to transmit power to do work, such as the ancient use of natural wind to promote the windmill, drive the waterwheel to lift water for irrigation, the use of wind energy navigation. From the industrial revolution in the 18th century, pneumatic transmission is gradually used in various industries, such as mining wind drill, train brakes, automobile automatic door opening and closing and so on. The pneumatic drive applied to general industry in the automation, labor-saving is the thing in recent years.
Nowadays, countries around the world to pneumatic drive as a low-cost means of industrial automation applied to industrial areas. Domestic and foreign since the 1960s. With the development of industrial mechanization and automation, pneumatic technology is more and more widely used in various fields. Today, the development of pneumatic transmission components has exceeded the speed of hydraulic components, pneumatic transmission has become an independent field of expertise.
Second, the system is composed of:
In the pneumatic transmission system, according to the different functions of pneumatic components and devices, the pneumatic transmission system can be divided into the following four components.
Pneumatic transmission system components:
In the pneumatic transmission system, according to the different functions of the pneumatic components and devices, the pneumatic transmission system can be divided into the following four components.
1, the air source device. Air source device will provide the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure of the gas energy, to provide compressed air for the system. It is mainly composed of air compressors, also equipped with storage tanks, air purification devices and other ancillary equipment.
2, the executive element. Execution of the role of energy conversion components, the compressed air pressure can be converted into mechanical energy of the working device. It is the main form of cylinder output linear reciprocating mechanical energy, swing cylinder and air motor output rotary swing and rotary mechanical energy. For the vacuum pressure for the power source system, the use of vacuum suction cup to complete a variety of suction lifting operations.
3, control elements. Control elements used for compressed air pressure, flow and flow direction wither section and control, so that the system actuators according to the functional requirements of the program and performance work. According to the completion of different functions, the types of control components are divided into a variety of pneumatic drive system generally includes pressure, flow, direction and logic of the four major categories of control components.
4, auxiliary components. Auxiliary components are used for internal lubrication, exhaust noise, connection between components and signal conversion, display, amplification, detection and other necessary pneumatic components, such as oil mist, muffler, pipe fittings and fittings, converters, monitors, sensors and so on.
Third, the characteristics of pneumatic transmission:
1. Advantages of pneumatic transmission
(1) air source is convenient, directly discharged after use, no pollution.
(2) Air viscosity is small, the gas in the transmission of friction is small, so it can be centralized gas supply and long-distance transport.
(3) The pneumatic system has good adaptability to the working environment. Especially in the flammable, explosive, dusty, magnetic, radiation, vibration and other harsh working environment, safety and reliability is better than hydraulic, electronic and electrical systems.
(4) pneumatic action, quick response, easy to regulate, can use the air pressure signal to achieve automatic control.
(5) pneumatic components simple structure, low cost and long life, easy to standardize, serialize and generalize.
2. Disadvantages of pneumatic transmission
(1) poor smoothness of movement. Because the air compressibility is large, its working speed is affected by changes in the external load.
(2) lower working pressure (0.3 ~ 1 MPa), the output force or torque is small.
(3) Air purification treatment is more complex. The impurities and water vapor in the air source must be purified and treated.
(4) Because of the small air viscosity, lubrication is poor, need to set up a separate lubrication device.
(5) There is a large exhaust noise.? [3]
Fourth, the application of pneumatic transmission:
The most typical representative of the application of pneumatic technology is industrial robotics. Instead of human wrists, hands, and fingers can correctly and quickly do grasp or release and other subtle movements. In addition to industrial applications, the brakes on roller coasters in amusement parks, animal shows in mechanical production, and the interior of humanoid chimes all use pneumatic technology to realize small movements.
Pneumatic technology is applicable to the development of the universe Attitude control Life-support systems, medical equipment, air cushion beds Artificial heart, labor-saving industry Robotics Vacuum handling Residential industry Air doors Pneumatic spraying Air curtains Air conditioning Measuring equipment Pneumatic gauges Liquid level detection devices Textile Pneumatic worsted Chemical industry Process control Liquefied gas control Movable elements Pure fluid components Marine development Air breathers in the water Air supply systems for the sea floor Diving vehicles Pneumatic doors Pneumatic clutches Pneumatic brakes Air tires Mining industry Air picks (rock drills) Shipbuilding Riot control Air cushion boats Air tools Pneumatic grinders Air rivet guns Air hammers Agriculture Air disinfection Spraying Insect control Recreational industry Air 00 guns / air cushions Inflatable tents Inflatable boats Transportation Air conveyor belts Industrial machinery Automatic control of machine tools Self-contained control of food machines Automatic control of packaging machines Automatic control of stamping machines.
Pneumatic transmission in the following areas have common applications:
1. Including machining production line workpiece clamping and transport, casting production line molding, pounding, box, etc. In automobile manufacturing, automated automobile production line. In automobile manufacturing, automated automobile production line, automatic handling and fixing of car body parts, automatic welding, etc..
2. Electronic IC and electrical industry. Such as for the handling of silicon wafers, insertion and soldering of components, assembly of household appliances, and so on.
3. Petroleum, chemical industry. The vast majority of automated processes using pipelines to transport media using pneumatic control, such as petroleum refining and processing, gas processing, fertilizer production and so on.
4. Light food packaging industry. Including a variety of semi-automatic or fully automatic packaging production lines, such as alcohol, oil, gas canning, packaging of various foods.
5. Robots. For example, assembly robots, painting robots, handling robots, and wall climbing, welding robots, etc.
6.
6. Other. Such as vehicle brakes, door opening and closing devices, screening of particulate matter, torpedo missile automatic control devices.
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