The concept of antisepsis gradually developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, mainly in response to the development of surgical techniques
and the advancement of instruments. Therefore, the term antisepsis is now used, mainly It refers to the use of antimicrobial chemicals on human
tissues, while disinfection refers to the use of these antimicrobial chemicals on inanimate objects. Currently
The scope of medical application includes hygienic hand washing, preparation of patient's skin before surgery, how to wear gloves, preparation of patient's skin before surgery, how to spread sterile drapes during surgery, and Bacterial isolation measures, the use of high pressure cooker (autoclave) sterilization equipment and proper disposal of waste, etc. These concepts and techniques were developed by the laboratory after long-term observation by our ancestors. The valuable experience accumulated. As long as these aseptic concepts and techniques are strictly followed in medical treatment, the chance of nosocomial infection can be minimized. This is also the concept to be conveyed in this course.
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As early as the early 19th century, patients with internal or external trauma or surgery in hospitals had a very high chance of wound infection. Almost all patients
had to experience inflammation during wound healing. and the stage of suppuration. Therefore, traumatic wounds were not sutured directly at that time, because it was expected that suppuration would definitely occur. This phenomenon continued until doctors observed that puerperal fever (puerperal fever) would spread to women
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Only after infecting others did they realize that wound infection can be contagious. At that time, they strongly asked people who came into contact with the patient to wash their hands frequently and change clothes frequently. It was also because of such measures. This reduced the mortality rate of women from puerperal fever from 11.4 to 1.3.
Later, Pasteur discovered bacteria, and Lister confirmed that bacteria can cause wound infections. German physician
p>Kocher devoted himself to wound cleaning and greatly reduced the infection rate of wounds. The concepts advocated by these people at that time are still followed and widely used by modern medicine.
The size of the operating room must be at least 20 x 20 feet to provide enough space for operating room personnel to move around, wear sterile surgical gowns, and lay sterile surgical drapes on the patient. , without contaminating the sterile area. The air in the operating room is filtered by a high-efficiency particulate air filter at a rate of 20 to 25% per hour
Filtering the air at a speed of 10 times can filter out bacteria and mold in the air, but it cannot filter out viruses. Therefore, the air in the operating room
contains very few bacteria, mold and suspended matter. .As for whether the operating room staff will bring bacteria from the ground into the air when walking around in the operating room, which may cause wound infection. However, research shows that the chance is not high.
The reason is that the filter sends the air flow into the operating room to avoid turbulence on the operating table. Secondly, it is brought to the operating room