Bee sting
Symptoms: Being stung by a bee usually means local redness and pain, and the symptoms will disappear after a few hours. If the bee sting stays in the wound, it will fester. If you are stung by a bee colony, you will have systemic symptoms, accompanied by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and even shock, coma or rapid death; Some may cause hemoglobinuria and even acute renal failure. Allergic patients, even a bee bite, will have urticaria, edema, asthma or anaphylactic shock.
Treatment: Bee sting can be applied externally with weak alkaline solution to neutralize acid toxin. Wasp bites are neutralized with a weak acid solution. If the bee sting stays in the wound, stir it with a small needle or stick it with tape. Take out the bee sting and remember not to squeeze it. For patients with severe local symptoms, cupping and local blocking therapy can be used, and painkillers or antihistamines can be given to relieve itching. Chinese herbal medicines can also be used externally. For those who have systemic symptoms, they must seek medical treatment immediately for symptomatic treatment.
centipede bite
Symptoms: local manifestations are acute inflammation, pain and itching, and in severe cases, necrosis, lymphadenitis and lymphangitis may occur. Some have headache, fever, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, delirium, convulsions, coma and other systemic symptoms.
Treatment: immediately wash the wound with weak alkaline solution and apply cold compress, or grind it with equal amount of realgar and dried alum, and apply strong tea or soju to the wound. If the pain is severe, give pain relief or seal around the wound, or take snake tablets orally or externally, and debride if necessary. Local necrosis, infection and acute lymphangitis should be supplemented with antibacterial drugs.
Cat and dog bites
Symptoms: Many families now have pets. If you are accidentally bitten by a cat, the wound will be red, swollen and painful, which will seriously cause lymphangitis, lymphadenitis or cellulitis. If the cat is infected with rabies, the consequences will be more serious. So do a good job of on-site first aid.
Treatment: 1. Every second counts, and the contaminated rabies virus on the wound should be washed off as soon as possible. Before washing, squeeze the wound to discharge the blood with venom, but never suck the blood from the wound with your mouth. If the wound is in the limbs, a tourniquet should be tied above the wound, and then the wound should be cleaned with plenty of clean water (10000 ml or above) or salted boiled water. Because the wounds bitten by cats and dogs are often small outside and deep inside, it is necessary to open the wounds, let them be fully exposed and thoroughly rinsed. If the wound is deep, rinse the wound repeatedly with clean toothbrush, gauze and strong soapy water, and then rinse it with clear water in time for at least 30 minutes. Cover the wound with clean gauze after cleaning. The sooner the wound is treated, the better, preferably within 2 hours. But even if it is delayed for one or two days or even three or four days, local treatment should not be ignored. If the wound has scabbed at this time, it should be removed and treated as mentioned above.
2. Wash the wound thoroughly with 20% soapy water, then clean it with clear water, and then disinfect it locally with 2% ~ 3% iodine or 75% alcohol or burn the wound locally with 5% carbolic acid. The treated local wound does not need dressing or ointment.
3. Inject rabies vaccine as soon as possible. Rabies vaccine should be injected as soon as possible after being bitten by animals, and the sooner the better. The best time for the first vaccination is within 48 hours after being bitten. The specific injection time is: intramuscular injection of 1 vaccine on the same day, 3rd day, 7th day,14th day and 30th day respectively. If the vaccine cannot be injected in time due to many factors. The use principle of rabies vaccine is "it is better to fight early than late, and it is better to fight late than never".
venomous snake bite
Symptoms: Tooth marks are a reliable basis for distinguishing poisonous snakes from non-poisonous snakes. Other poisonous animals such as centipedes and poisonous spiders have no tooth marks. No snakebite has one or two rows of fine teeth marks, while snakebite has a pair of large and deep teeth marks, sometimes one or more than three or four larger teeth marks. After being bitten, the injured person will have various symptoms.
Neurotoxic manifestations: generally, the swelling is not heavy, the bleeding is not much, the pain is slight, and numbness quickly appears and spreads to the proximal end of the limb. Systemic symptoms appear after 30 minutes to 2 hours, sometimes extending for more than 10 hour. It is characterized by dizziness, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, unsteady gait and drooping eyelids. In severe cases, blurred vision, unclear speech, dyspnea, cyanosis, and even general paralysis, convulsions, coma, decreased blood pressure, respiratory paralysis, and heart failure occur.
Blood poisoning manifestations: local symptoms appear early and serious, and the wound is severely painful, such as knife cutting, bleeding, obvious swelling and rapid spread to the proximal end. The skin is cyanotic, with blisters and blood blisters, which gradually increase and even rupture. There is obvious lymphangitis. Severe tissue necrosis. There may also be bleeding, hemolysis, and even renal failure and heart failure. General symptoms include general malaise, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, joint pain, palpitation and delirium with high fever.
Mixed toxicity: neurotoxicity and blood toxicity. Systemic symptoms develop rapidly, and the main cause of death is neurotoxicity.
Handling: 1, local emergency handling. Preventing the absorption of snake venom and accelerating the elimination of venom are important links to prevent poisoning. Ligation. Don't run in panic, stop the activity of the injured limb immediately, and take local material from the corresponding part above the wound (near the heart) for ligation. Release every 20 to 30 minutes for about 2 to 3 minutes. Generally, the ligation can be lifted after injecting antivenom or taking snake medicine. Cut and rinse. Rinse with hydrogen peroxide or soapy water first, remove the fangs after disinfection, and then cut, or suck with a breast pump or cupping under negative pressure; You can also suck it through your mouth (this method cannot be used for oral ulcers). After dressing, the injured limb was placed in a lower position. Partial detoxification. Crystalline trypsin was injected around the wound.
2, anti-snake venom treatment. Oral antivenom and snake medicine.
3, give symptomatic treatment to severe poisoning, respiratory failure should be alert as soon as possible. In addition, snake bites are easy to be infected, so antibiotics and tetanus antitoxin should be used.