1. China's current mechanical development of different geographical areas very much have their own characteristics. Mainland machinery industry is still mainly practical, mainly to solve the domestic internal demand, so the industry involved is relatively traditional, facing all sectors of society, from national construction to civilian consumer goods are involved. Coastal machinery industry is based on finishing and light industry, due to a large number of foreign investment and the influx of demand for subcontracting or secondary processing, so the machinery industry is mostly presented in the miniaturization, high-end, rapid response. While North China and Northeast China and other northern regions, the heavy industry as a typical representative, which has a certain relationship with the historical reasons, in addition to the rich mineral resources in the north also led to the relatively more developed heavy industry. Obviously, if for income and new technology, the eastern coastal region of the machinery industry is certainly the first choice; but to comprehensively learn the basic mechanical aspects of the knowledge, on the contrary, the mainland is more advantageous. Because there is hardly any heavy industry left in the coastal areas, it is incorrect to categorize heavy industry away from the machinery industry.
2. Engaged in what specific industries, is not recommended to engage in automotive and mold, because many practitioners, competitive pressure, the overall industry level is low. Once someone asked me why my profile on the telecom, my answer is that my team is mechanical design, but we do the product is a telecom network products, which does not conflict. The same, whether it is machine tools or molds, specific to the product, always different. Let me give you an example, the same mechanical engineers, one designing medical equipment, one designing standard parts, who do you think has a higher income, who has a higher technical content? Obviously the one who designs medical devices has a much higher income and technical ability. So there is an impact on the type of work, and an even greater impact on the product classification.
At present, the domestic better industries are medical equipment, telecommunications hardware, network communications, heavy equipment, precision equipment, semiconductors, automation equipment, and standardized components; previously better, but in the downhill industry are automotive, textile, microelectronics, telecommunications software, elevators, logistics, etc.; the more dismal experience of the industry is too much, not to list.
Mechanical industry classification, the better for the R & D, CAE analysis and application-related, manufacturing / assembly for the next, the other slightly worse.
3. The order of business preference: from top to bottom: U.S.-funded > European-funded > joint venture > Japanese-funded > large state-owned enterprises
Taiwanese-funded, Korean-funded, and privately-owned enterprises are the ones that I have T'd out of consideration, and I have described them in the corresponding posts. The corporate culture is represented by American and Japanese; the company process has to be modeled after American; and the work skills have to be modeled after Japanese.
If you are more introverted and, well, a sit-down kind of person, then you can go for a SOE. The SOE system is overwhelming, but at the moment, SOEs are the only place where the master-apprentice model still exists. If you are not proactive enough and want someone to guide you all the time, then you can go into a state-owned enterprise for two years, but at most two years, don't stay too long. If you are active enough, very active, inquisitive, and able to take the initiative to ask, then you should choose foreign capital, recommended Japanese companies. Because Japanese companies, one very good thing, although the people are cold, but really will teach you a lot of things. As long as you are active enough, as long as you open your mouth to ask, basically there is an answer. Here do not recommend private companies, because the boss are very realistic, they only need to come in as soon as you can work, you can give him to create profits for the people, you obviously do not fit; also do not recommend Taiwan, South Korea companies, because they will only squeeze you. European and American companies are more complicated, this point will be explained separately later.
The larger the company's size, the better, said the small company can learn more, it is because fewer people, accordingly, each person to do more things, in fact, so many things seem to learn, but in fact the practice is very informal. The company is large, that process and system is completely, then although each person accordingly less, but there is an opportunity to teach others, to learn other skills. So the ability to self-learning is still the most important, as for how to mix in the company, to learn, to ask for advice, and even to steal the teacher, it depends on the ability of the individual.
4. direction of the industry: the current mechanical industry is no shortage of direction, due to the number of practitioners is quite large, the industry has emerged a large number of excellent talent, of course, the demand is very large, so there is no saturation of the problem. At present, in terms of development and income considerations, mechatronics, automation, mechanical development and design of the direction is better than the other direction, but the requirements for experience in the field is relatively high. Also you won't learn anything cutting edge in school. The basics of the mechanical industry are very boring and extremely slow to accumulate, there are no shortcuts. And some seemingly cutting-edge equipment and technology, in fact, decomposed and then look, is the product of the continuous optimization and combination of ordinary technology.
5. Mechanical industry classification: the mechanical industry is profound, to be subdivided, the ocean is endless, according to the category, is also a matter of opinion. My classification is relatively simple (only personal opinion, leaving aside the more remote content): processing, manufacturing, equipment, development of these four major directions.
These years to seek help from friends, really has been involved in the development of very few friends, which may have some relationship with the seniority, not to talk about here; equipment belongs to the maintenance and technical services of this piece, in fact, is a large mechanical classification, but because of the number of practitioners is small, and relatively cold, so not to say much; and the processing of this piece, is that I have received the most requests for help, and also at present, the number of domestic practitioners is the largest; manufacturing has always been the most important part of the process, but also a very important part of the process. Manufacturing has always been the main industry I recommend everyone to engage in. How do these four categories relate to each other? My understanding is this:
Processing is the most primary application, is the basis of all mechanical technology, so the number of practitioners, the basic knowledge of the mechanical industry requires a high degree of exercise; manufacturing is the processing of the latter program, can be considered to be the processing of the advancement of the core content is the processing of the finished parts into finished products of a process of mechanical assembly and functionality embodiment of the requirements of the high, but has been somewhat reduced. But has been reduced to some extent on the processing technology requirements; equipment maintenance, technical services is a further level, must be on the mechanical foundation, electromechanical knowledge and manufacturing technology have a high degree of understanding to engage in this industry; and development is a set of the whole, need to dominate the above all the basis of the industry. So these four classifications are arranged in this order, and it can also be said that the actual work of the income is also largely distributed in this way from low to high. That's why many of my friends who are still in the processing industry, I recommend that they jump from processing to manufacturing, then to technology, and finally to development in that order.
6. The various branches of the machinery industry, processing industry, although important, after all, from the point of view of career development, is not as good as several other industries. And because of the level of practitioners around and the quality of their own problems, resulting in even if you are very active and learning, it is still difficult to get rid of the influence of the environment, and even your friends around you will become a hindrance to your development. And if you are asked to develop in the direction of mechanical design now, I think it's really too high a jump at once. As many of my other posts have mentioned, mechanical design is a combination of a lot of knowledge, skills and experience.
Mechanical manufacturing, including all the machining of the back-channel program, the main product assembly, debugging, quality control (and quality of the quality department of the quality control is different, here refers to the production sector of the quality control), the product production technology, and even contains some fixtures and fixtures of engineering maintenance and production tools and so on. We are currently engaged in this industry a lot of people, but the overall level is very low, and the practitioners are not stable. In fact, the gap between us and the world is a lot worse here.
Since most companies recruit college students to work as manufacturing engineers, but the fact is that they have no experience and do not have enough mechanical foundation, so although the number of people is large, but the level is generally poor, but their income and development are good. And for some formal company's manufacturing department, there are complete process and technical specifications, which can greatly expand your horizons and enhance your technical ability. And college students are not useless, you will find that they do outperform others in their understanding and ability to learn.
Two, education and learning content class
1. The mechanical industry on the academic requirements of a slightly lower, because we attach more importance to their practical ability. If you find that some companies must require a certain degree, then almost 100% sure that HR and the big boss of these laymen set out the requirements. Here there are two problems:
a. Although we do not look at the academic qualifications of recruiting, but how to bypass the HR these laymen, to get an interview, it depends on your own skills, not that the academic qualifications are not good, always complaining about the lack of opportunities, which is entirely a matter of personal ability. If the education is not and requirements, how to bypass the hard indicators of HR is also a reflection of a person's ability to communicate.
b. Bypassing or letting HR or the big boss to give in and give up the education of this indicator of the method of wisdom, but never with the means of deception.
2. The current microcontroller has been developed to a fairly high level, in the real development of the process of microcontroller has been very few people to go from the bottom to write the program, and the major suppliers, such as Omron, Mitsubishi, Siemens, etc., has been integrated into the microcontroller's many functions, modularization, in the project can be applied directly. And you attempt to learn from the bottom and then into the advanced applications of microcontroller, then it is not infeasible, just that the road is too long. And microcontroller does not belong to the traditional mechanical classification, but belongs to the classification of industrial automation, which requires automation, and mechatronics of the basic knowledge requirements are very high, I recommend not to spend too much energy in this area. Compilation of the same reason, all things related to computers, the same reason; many friends have asked me to engage in the mechanical industry, computer knowledge is important, including cad, assembly, etc., my answer is not important, do not spend too much time.
3. As for the software issue, I have repeated countless times, this is the least important thing to us. Mechanical designers and draftsmen are two completely different concepts, it's no use to be able to draw a diagram and not know why. To really understand the principles and meanings, you say the drawings are basically understandable, but I say far from enough, usually, there is no one can really understand all the drawings, I dare not say this today. A small drawing can contain almost all the knowledge of the mechanical industry, enough for us to learn a lifetime. All you can do is draw, and know nothing else but CAD operations. That's not called working in the mechanical industry, I'd say that's an art major. Go find an industrial design graduate and draw absolutely beautiful diagrams. I do not remember if I give this example: when my UG teacher, as a vocational trainer, he is proficient in more than 10 kinds of drawing software, operation is simply perfect, but a month is only 3,000 yuan, because he can draw, mechanical foundation know nothing. He only knows how to draw things out, but does not know how to design, how to complete a standard drawing, much less understand the drawing of the ever-changing notes are what it means. Do you all want to be draftsmen
4. On the subject of CAD and certificates of all kinds, as I've mentioned in countless replies, CAD certificates are useless! Teaching you to use a software is just a few days work, but the difference between a draughtsman and a designer I have emphasized countless times, just know how to draw is useless, in fact, without a strong mechanical foundation, the drawing does not even see a good drawing. A drawing often takes much longer to annotate than it does to draw the lines, and so many notes, each with a deep meaning, are not something a draftsman can understand. And for normal people, drawing skills are not any difficulty, this point is completely negligible. So don't spend money on any certificates, just teach yourself. As for how to go skilled, I have said in many replies, take the things around you to practice, cell phone, alarm clock, telephone, TV, computer ...... are all can be used to practice. Build three-dimensional models, out of two-dimensional drawings, can be used perfectly well, online good forums are also many. For the actual work, CAD requires the use of skills to be very little, if I said something above you can complete by yourself, then your CAD skills enough.
5. Mechanical industry graduate school is a waste of life, but why we are still recruiting graduate students, that is, because undergraduates almost no one can use, graduate students do not have to be professional ability on how strong, just graduate students at least a better grasp of the company's way of working, as for the professional skills of graduate students and undergraduates, also need to go down to the grass-roots level. And now undergraduate has been flooded, a cat and a dog are undergraduate, graduate students can still slightly reflect the total strength. So now the income of graduate students is not necessarily higher than undergraduates is this reason, we just take graduate students as undergraduates in the use, or now undergraduates almost no qualified. We also look for tons of interns every year, and as soon as we find a good undergrad we stay. You can also go through such a way, almost all of the Fortune 500 in Shanghai have such a move every year.
Third, the understanding of mechanical design and R & D class
1. design skills are definitely not only in the design department, or basically not in the design department.
Mechanical design is a collection of skills, all the skills it needs are actually outside of design, and the people in the design department are just aggregating them and then unifying them together. I would define design skills = general mechanical knowledge + machining skills + process knowledge + manufacturing + quality control + financial accounting + drafting skills + ....
So can you still say that the design department has any skills of its own? The design department only has experience, as long as it takes a lot of accumulated experience, and how to effectively combine those skills.
2. Product Design
Standard product design is generally divided into 5 stages (some companies simplify it to 4 stages).
a.0 stage: new product demand arises, the marketing department or senior management to discover new users and demand, and feasibility analysis and prediction, to decide whether to draft the project
b.1 stage: for products that have already been set up, the design department to provide a conceptual design, and estimate the cost and investment amount. Departments to complete the financial expectations of the report, and then decide whether to formally establish the project
c.2 stage: when the financial report through the customer's approval, the design department to provide a preliminary design (high level design), and repeatedly and the customer to confirm the modification until the final molding
d.3 stage: re-evaluation of the project risk and the financial report, all the Under the premise of feasibility, the resolution is implemented. The design department provides detailed design drawings (low level design) and establishes the corresponding system, ready to submit to the production department. The production department prepares the appropriate engineering and product systems. Samples are taken and all test reports are finalized.
e.4: The production department receives the detailed drawings from the design department and produces mass production. The design department is involved in the whole process to improve the design and process to improve the corresponding design changes. Until the end of the product life cycle
(f.5 stage: some companies have this process, generally used for project closeout, the role of the project summary and summary of experience)
On the question of the design process, to write a few books is not too much, and here will not be expanded, carefully digested the content of the above, you will know that a designer has how arduous it is to know how many things, drawing is really Smaller than the content can no longer be small.
3. Mechanical R&D
I recommend R&D for three reasons:
a. Income:
Within the mechanical industry, the broadest type of work currently available, and the one that pays the highest average income, is R&D. There are only a few minor directions in which R&D can be done. There are only a few small directions in which jobs can earn more than R&D, but it takes extreme depth and opportunity to get into those areas. We all need to eat to live, so R&D is an optimal choice.
b. Sense of accomplishment:
An engineer often needs not only material encouragement, but also spiritual. And for R&D, the challenge is huge, relatively, the sense of achievement and joy after success is also the highest, many peers don't care about some small difference in income, but care a lot about whether their design is recognized.
c. Pride
R&D is a profession that combines knowledge of almost all mechanical industries, and very few other types of work can compete with it. Therefore, the strength of R&D personnel is quite high, which undoubtedly enables them to excel in many other fields as well.
English research and development is R&D, that is, research and development, research and development are two different concepts.
Research is to do is the theory and feasibility of the direction of the work, which is very boring, but also really need a very solid theoretical foundation and practical hands-on ability to do, which simulation, simulation and analysis, basic modeling and so on are the most common;
Development is to do is the actual development of the design of the work, the application of theory, directly linked to the actual product. The most important thing is that you have to be able to do it in a way that you don't have to. Currently 98% of our country's R & D, in fact, just do the development that is the design aspects of the work, and research research almost do very few people, which is exactly the gap between us and foreigners. A mature large companies, the R & D department often has hundreds of people or even more, of which research is the majority, but the opposite of our domestic, almost no research, all are designers, so the R & D department often dozens of people is enough. Once graduated in R & D, there is nothing wrong, in an environment of masters, but also can grow up quickly, you will also immediately see the gap between themselves and others, what is missing to make up for what is also a good choice. As for the knowledge of manufacturing, is every mechanical practitioners must master, do research and development should be more in the palm of your hand, this just rely on your own two hands to do out.
Four, career planning class
1. Mechanical industry is a one-way street, you have to go, you must go from the beginning to the end, you can leave halfway, but do not expect to come back. So it's still up to your own ideals to decide the road ahead. If you are firmly in the mechanical industry, then the first two or three years, eat carrot dry rice, and then engaged in real R & D, manufacturing, testing, quality control and other related careers, and then in 8-10 years when ushered in a second choice, you can choose to continue the pure technical route or choose to technical management work. If you give up halfway, then something else can only depend on your own development.
2. Mechanical industry is a bottomless pit, no one can say that they are invincible, no one can say that they are fully comprehended, instantly spend a lifetime, we can only say that they are on the long way to go near and far, so do not be arrogant and impatient, we can not become a mechanical industry of all-rounders, to grasp a certain aspect of the furthest to take into account the neighboring industries, it is the best choice.
3. Direction is not set for you, my words are not the standard, not to mention the holy decree, right and wrong, we must be based on their own circumstances and reasonable judgment. The goal is to set their own, the road is their own out, I just give you a reference, I hope that we will take less detours, I also fell, very painful, there is no need for everyone to fall once to know how to go.
4. Now there is no direction, no relationship. Message to my friends, there are some of the mind is not very good, I can see, very impatient. I know that his current situation makes it difficult for him, but the heart is not quiet, it is impossible to make a difference, no matter what I say is useless, so individual friends of the message I did not reply. Just hope you can calm down and come back to see my words.
5. This is not a high-income industry, utilitarian please detour. Maybe there is a difference between what I and everyone else says is high income, but I must remind everyone that if you are only rushing to high income to engage in this industry, then leave before it is too late. Mechanical industry is lonely, but also need to have a certain passion to stick with it. A lot of friends sent a message mentioned that they want to do a few years, they come out to do it alone. I am very sorry, words can only say here, you should understand what I mean.