The following are 10 great medical figures in ancient China. I hope they will be helpful to you
1. The Yellow Emperor was an outstanding hero and leader in ancient my country. His surname was Gongsun, his given name was Xuanyuan, and his name was Xuanyuan. You Xiong, because he first laid the foundation of his achievements in the land of Jishui (Jushui), so he was also surnamed Ji. Because he was born and mainly active in the loess plateau of northern Shaanxi, he was honored as the Yellow Emperor. The Yellow Emperor's era five thousand years ago completed the transition from matrilineal clans to patrilineal clans, ending the barbaric era, and the Chinese nation began to enter civilization. The Yellow Emperor united with Emperor Yan to defeat Chi You, unified the Central Plains tribes, and established the world's first sovereign state. The country promoted the formation of the Chinese nation. In the Yellow Emperor's era, the clothes and crowns, boats and carts, sericulture, writing, medicine, arithmetic, and the invention of the compass in the Yellow Emperor's era laid the foundation for the long-standing civilization and traditional culture of ancient China. He is considered by later generations to be the founder of traditional Chinese medicine. According to legend, the Huangdi Neijing was compiled from his conversations with courtiers such as Qi Bo.
2. Qi Bo, the most famous doctor in ancient my country. He has been good at thinking since childhood and has lofty ambitions. He likes to observe natural things and phenomena such as the sun, moon, stars, climate, cold and heat, mountains, rivers, vegetation, etc. He also knows music, can make musical instruments, and measure sunlight. He is versatile and extremely intelligent. Later, when he saw that many people were dying of diseases, he decided to study medicine and searched for good teachers and friends. He became proficient in medical skills and became a famous doctor. In order to cure people's diseases, Huangdi respected him as his teacher and discussed medical issues together. Most of the contents of "Huangdi Neijing" are written in the style of his answering questions with Huangdi. Qi Bo is also respectfully known as Qi Tianshi
According to relevant historical records, there are about 8 kinds of works named after Qi Bo: 1. "Hanshu·Yiwenzhi" contains ten volumes of "Huangdi Qibo Massage"; 2. Sui Shu·Jing Ji Zhi contains ten volumes of "Qi Bo Jing"; 3. "New Tang Book·Yi Wen Zhi" contains one volume of "Qi Bo Moxibustion Sutra" ("Song History·Yi Wen Zhi" records "Huang Di asked Qi Bo Moxibustion Sutra"); 4. "History of the Song Dynasty·Yi Wen Zhi" contains one volume of "Qi Bo's Acupuncture Classic"; 5. "Tong Zhi·Yi Wen Lue" contains two volumes of "Huangdi Qi Bo's Acupuncture Theory"; 6. "Tong Zhi·Yi Wen Lue" contains "Qi Bo's Acupuncture Sutra" "Jingzang Lun" in one volume; 7. "Chongwen General Catalog" contains "Huangdi Qibo's Essence of Acupuncture" in one volume ("Song History·Yi Wenzhi" contains "Qi Bo's Essence of Acupuncture"); 8. "Zhutang Bibliography" contains "Qibo's Treatise on the Five Treasures".
Qi Huang is the collective name of Qi Bo and Huang Di, who are said to be the ancestors of the medical family. The main content of the "Huangdi Neijing", the foundation work of medicine, was written in the style of questions and answers between Huangdi and Qibo, so later generations used "Qihuang" to refer to it as the "Inner Canon". And by extension, it refers specifically to orthodox Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, and more often as a synonym for traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, the new words composed of "Qihuang" also have their own corresponding meanings. For example, "Qihuang's art" and "Qihuang's way" refer to the academic or medical skills and theories of traditional Chinese medicine; "Qihuang family" refers to traditional Chinese medicine doctors and traditional Chinese medicine experts; "Qihuang book" refers to traditional Chinese medicine books; "Qihuang industry" refers to the traditional Chinese medicine industry, etc. .
3. Emperor Yan, the Shennong clan, was originally the leader of the Jiang surnamed tribe in the Jiangshui River Basin. He later invented wooden farming tools and taught the people how to raise crops, make pottery, weave and use fire. He was distinguished by his achievements. He became king with fire, so he was called Emperor Yan, and his world name was Shennong. He once made his capital Qufu, Shandong Province, and was revered as the god of agriculture by later generations.
Shennong once traveled across mountains and rivers, tasted all kinds of herbs, in search of good medicines to cure diseases and detoxify, so as to save his life from childhood injuries. Later, he died of intestinal rupture due to accidentally eating "flame seeds". "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" is based on his works. Emperor Yan Shennong reigned for 120 years. Therefore, Emperor Yan is considered the founder of traditional Chinese medicine.
4. Zhang Zhongjing (150-219 AD), named Zhongjing, was a great medical scientist in ancient times. A native of Nanyang County in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was the hometown of Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage in Nanyang, Henan. According to historical records, when Zhongjing was a boy, he "studied medicine from Uncle Zhang in the same county and learned all about it". According to legend, Zhang Zhongjing was promoted to be a filial and honest person at the beginning of the reign of Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty. During the Jian'an period, he was appointed as the prefect of Changsha. He wrote 16 volumes of "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", which was written around the beginning of the third century (200-210 AD). It is the world's first clinical medical work summarizing experience. Integrating principles, prescriptions and medicine into one body, it pioneered dialectical treatment and created the body of clinical medicine of traditional Chinese medicine.
Since the Tang Dynasty, Zhongjing's theory has spread all over the world and enjoys a high reputation in the international medical community. People in Japan, Korea and other countries call him the "first teacher" of medicine, and the people of the motherland call him the "Medical Sage". There is a saying that "Zhongjing is the sect of medicine and Confucius is the sect of Confucianism".
The medical sage Zhang Zhongjing wrote a book called "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" based on his many years of experience in dialectical treatment.* **Sixteen volumes.
"Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" systematically summarizes the medical theory and clinical experience before the Han Dynasty. It is my country's first major work on clinical therapeutics, recording various treatment principles and treatments for diseases. The principles and methods of treating various infectious and miscellaneous diseases have laid the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine therapy. The book divides the disease into several items. Each item first introduces the clinical manifestations, and then defines it as a certain syndrome based on dialectical analysis. Finally, it proposes treatment methods and prescriptions based on the syndrome. He established a relatively systematic theoretical system for dialectical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and became a model for dialectical treatment of doctors in the past dynasties. The principle of "dialectical treatment" established by him is a brilliant pearl in the great treasure house of medicine in the motherland, which makes the traditional medicine of the Chinese nation unique and independent in the world of medicine. Together with the "Huangdi Neijing", Huang jointly established the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine, making traditional Chinese medicine a complete science. The Qing Dynasty's "Yizong Jinjian" commented on the book: "All ancient scriptures have methods but no prescriptions. From then on, there were methods and methods, and the holy book of sincere medicine was lost in the process of circulation. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, it was divided into "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber", and the two books were together with the "Huangdi Neijing". " and "Shen Nong's Materia Medica" are collectively known as the "Four Classics of Traditional Chinese Medicine". Zhang Zhongjing alone accounts for two of them, occupying a special position among the most influential works in the history of the development of medicine in my country. It is still an important classic for Chinese and Western medicine to study the theory and clinical treatment of traditional Chinese medicine. For more than 1,700 years, these two works have not only been highly praised by Chinese doctors of all dynasties, but since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, Zhang Zhongjing's works and theories have spread far and wide overseas, and have enjoyed a high reputation in the world's medical community. From the Jin Dynasty to the present, more than 1,700 Chinese and foreign scholars have compiled, annotated, researched and developed Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber into books, leaving nearly a thousand monographs and monographs. It is also rare in world history.
Zhang Zhongjing's life story is very rich, but unfortunately most of it has been lost, leaving only "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and "Synopsis of the Golden Chamber". Zhang Zhongjing is the founder of clinical medicine of traditional Chinese medicine. In order to commemorate Zhang Zhongjing's contribution to medicine, he was honored as the "Medical Sage" by later generations. His "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" and his dialectical treatment ideas have broad guiding significance in today's clinical practice. Zhang Zhongjing's academic thoughts and Fugui's clinical experience have become the common wealth of all mankind. .
5. Huangfu Mi (215-282) was a medical scientist in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. His childhood name was Jing and his courtesy name was Shi'an, and he was named Mr. Xuanyan. Born in Chaona Town, northwest of Pingliang County, Gansu Province. He is erudite and talented, and has high attainments in various classics, history and literary history. He was also the first scholar in my country to study population issues. He studied medicine diligently in his middle age, and compiled "Acupuncture and Moxibustion Classics A and B", which summarizes the achievements of acupuncture before the Jin Dynasty and is a classic work on acupuncture. Therefore, he is considered the first master of traditional Chinese medicine and acupuncture.
6. Hua Tuo (about 141~208), Ziyuanhua, a medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was born in Peiguoqiao (now Bo County, Anhui Province). Hua Tuo practiced medicine in various places throughout his life and gained a good reputation. He made many achievements in medicine. He is proficient in internal medicine, surgery, gynecology, pediatrics, and acupuncture, and is particularly good at surgery. According to the "Book of the Later Han Dynasty·Hua Tuo Biography": "If the disease is knotted in the body and cannot be reached by acupuncture, the patient should first take Mafei Powder with wine. After being drunk, he will not be aware of it. The abdomen and back will be cut open and the accumulation will be removed. If it is in the intestines and stomach, cut it off and wash it to remove the disease and dirt, and then suture it and apply Shen ointment. The wound will heal in four to five days, and it will subside in one month. "Hua Tuo used Mabo to treat "intestinal accumulation" and other wounds. Powder was used to perform abdominal surgery on patients after anesthesia. This is the earliest record of the use of general anesthesia for surgical treatment in the history of world medicine. It was more than 1,600 years earlier than in the West. Hua Tuo attached great importance to the prevention of diseases and emphasized physical exercise to enhance physical fitness. He thinks: "The human body wants to work, but it should not use its extreme ears. If it is shaken, the grain energy will disappear, the blood vessels will flow, and diseases will not occur. It is like the immortality of a door hinge."
"He imitated the movements and postures of tigers, deers, bears, apes, and birds, creating a kind of "Five Animals Play". The books he wrote are no longer known. The extant "Zhongzang Sutra" is a work attributed to later generations. .
7. Wang Shuhe (3rd century AD), named Xi, was born in Gaoping, Shandong Province. The date of his birth and death is unknown.
Wang Shuhe was the imperial physician of the Wei Dynasty. , understands the history of classics, studies the pulse of prescriptions, diagnoses and diagnoses carefully, and has a thorough understanding of the way to maintain health. " ("Biography of Famous Doctors" by Gan Bo of the Tang Dynasty) Wang wrote 10 volumes of "Mai Jing", which is the earliest existing monograph on pulse theory in my country; he also compiled and compiled Zhongjing's "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases", which has been circulated to this day. , and made contributions to the development of traditional Chinese medicine. He also wrote 6 volumes of "Mai Jue Diagram", 1 volume of "Mai Fu", 3 volumes of "Mai Jue Fa Meng", and 6 volumes of "On Disease", etc.
Wang Shuhe's main contribution to traditional Chinese medicine lies in his research on pulse theory and his compilation of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases". Achievements, he compiled early medical masterpieces and relevant documents of famous doctors of the past dynasties, combined with his own experience, and wrote the book "Mai Jing", which systematized and standardized the theory and methods of pulse theory, promoted the progress of my country's medicine, and contributed to the world Medicine has had a certain influence. He advocated early treatment and the prevention of diseases. If the Qi is not harmonious at the moment, we should talk about it as early as possible, find out the cause of the problem, and treat it with time, and it is rare that it will not be cured. If the patient tolerates it for a few days, he will say that if the evil energy enters the internal organs, it will be difficult to control it. "Wang Shuhe's "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" emphasized the importance of early diagnosis and treatment. He advocated daily hygiene and opposed overeating, which is of great significance for preventive medicine.
8. Sun Simiao (about 581~682), Tang Dynasty, China Medical scientist. Sun Simiao was born in Jingzhao Huayuan (now Yaoxian County, Shaanxi Province). He was sick since he was a child, and he almost spent all his money to raise money for decoctions and medicines. However, he was very smart and persisted in studying classics, history, medicine and other scientific knowledge throughout his life. In order to gain fame and fortune, Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty once recruited him to be the doctor of the imperial family. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to confer a title on him. Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty asked him to serve as an admonishment doctor, but he declined them all. His ambition was to be a medical scientist who could help the world. In the process of studying medicine, Sun Simiao not only studied medical works endlessly, but also paid special attention to seeking experience from the people, collecting prescriptions and prescriptions extensively. In his medical activities, he paid great attention to the moral cultivation of doctors. He emphasized that doctors should regard the pain of patients as their own. When suffering from pain, patients should come for treatment, regardless of whether it is cold or hot day or night, do not be afraid of dangerous journeys, and do not care about hunger, thirst, or fatigue. Doctor. Sun Simiao's main works are "Qian Jin Yao Prescription" in 30 volumes and "Qian Jin Yifang" in 30 volumes. Others include "Qian Jin Mian Prescription", "Fu Lu Lun", "Health Preservation True Record" and "Zhen Zhong Su Shu". ", "Hui Sanjiao Lun", "Taichang Divides Medicine Qualities" and many other books are lost. Sun Simiao's great contribution to medicine has made him loved by people of all ages and is regarded as the "King of Medicine". There are ancestral temples of Sun Simiao in many places in China to appreciate his noble character and immortal achievements.
Sun Simiao embodied the spirit of benevolence in medicine in his book "The Sincerity of Great Doctors". A book written: "Whenever a great doctor treats a disease, he must calm his mind and calm his mind, have no desires or demands, and first have a heart of great compassion and compassion, vowing to save all the suffering souls. If anyone comes to seek help in case of illness, he must not ask how valuable he is. *Rich and poor, old and young, grudges against good friends, Chinese and barbarians, ignorant and wise, all are like the thoughts of close relatives. You must not look forward or backward, worry about good or bad luck, or protect your own life. Seeing his distress, if he already has it, his heart is filled with sadness. Do not avoid danger. He is exposed to cold and heat day and night, hungry, thirsty and tired. He should go to rescue with all his heart and have no intention of making any sign of effort. If you do this, you can be a great doctor for the common people, but if you don't, you can be a great thief with a spiritual spirit. The Physique of the Great Physician Husband: When he went to the patient's house again, his eyes were filled with beautiful things, but he didn't look left and right. Silk and bamboo were pressed against his ears, but nothing seemed to entertain him. Treasures and shame were repeatedly recommended, but the food seemed to be tasteless. The food was mixed with food, and he looked at it if it was there or not. In order to practice medicine, you should not talk too much, laugh, talk and make noise, talk about right and wrong, talk about people, show off your reputation, slander other doctors, be selfish about your own virtues, and accidentally treat a disease, then hold your head high and protect your face, and have your own self-esteem. Xu Zhi's appearance is said to be unparalleled in the world, and this is the best way to heal people's blindness. "The few words mentioned above have demonstrated Sun Simiao's noble medical ethics to people.
He believes that Zhang Yuanyu is "a great proponent of medical science, and he is just one person with spiritual skills." He flexibly applied his achievements in pharmacology to therapy. In addition to strictly following traditional medical theories for syndrome differentiation and treatment, he paid special attention to analysis. The meridians of medicines and their properties and tastes have enriched and developed the theoretical content of herbal medicine, thereby continuously improving their therapeutic effects. Li Shizhen also has a deep understanding and research on pulse theory and meridian theory. These solid basic theoretical knowledge are also indispensable conditions for his achievements in medicine and pharmacy. In addition to "Compendium of Materia Medica", which is an epoch-making work of natural history, his works also include "Binhu Pulseology", "Eight Meridians of Qijing" and other books. In the book, Li Shizhen summarizes the pulse conditions commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine in concise and clear verses, which is very convenient for beginners to memorize and help popularize the knowledge of pulse theory. Summarize. "Binghu Pulseology" has been translated into German and published abroad. In terms of literature, Li Shizhen was also a poet, and his "Lake Pulse Study" was written in verse style. It is a pity that only a small number of his verses are preserved in the literature.
Li Shizhen is also a representative outstanding scientist in ancient my country. It has a high reputation and great influence at home and abroad.
10. Ye Tianshi (1667-1746), named Gui, nicknamed Xiangyan, alias Mr. Nanyang, was a native of Wuxian County, Jiangsu Province. He was an outstanding medical scientist in the Qing Dynasty and one of the main representatives of the febrile disease school. Ye Tianshi was born in a medical family. His grandfather Ye Shi and his father Ye Chaocai were both proficient in medical skills, especially famous for their pediatrics. Ye Gui began to study medicine from his father when he was 12 years old. When he was 14 years old, his father died. So, with the pain of losing a loved one, he took his father's disciple Zhu as his teacher and specialized in medical skills. Ye Tianshi was extremely intelligent and understood beyond the ordinary. He was particularly open-minded and eager to learn. Whenever he heard that a certain doctor had expertise, he would worship him as his disciple. Within ten years, he had seventeen teachers. He was able to master everything, so his medical skills improved by leaps and bounds and his reputation became famous. Shangshu Shen Deqian once wrote a biography for him, saying: "Therefore, famous works in both the government and the public, from the dealer Shuzi to the neighboring provinces for foreign service, all know that Mr. Ye Tianshi came there and got his name from the fact." (Collected Works of Shen Guiyu) "The Biography of Ye Xiangyan") Ye is not only proficient in medical skills, but also pays attention to extensive research, erudition, and meticulousness in his studies, so that medical skills and academics complement each other. He believes that "knowledge is endless, and reading cannot be taken lightly." Therefore, although he enjoys a high reputation, But he never let go of the scroll and learned from many people's strengths. Ji Huang's "Preface" once said: "Mr.'s reputation will be high, and those who travel will benefit everyone. There is no day when he does not study." , nothing to worry about borrowing." He was a doctor but did not like to call himself a doctor. Before he died, he said to his son: "You can do medicine but not do it. You must be talented and quick, and read thousands of books before you can use your skills to help the world. Otherwise, there are few people who do not kill people." He used medicine as a bait. After my death, my descendants will be careful not to talk about medicine lightly." Ye was busy with medical practice throughout his life and did not write anything in his own writing. There are ten volumes of "Clinical Guide to Medical Records", followed by one volume each of "Youke Xinfa" and "Treatment of Warm Heat"; and three volumes of "Ye Tianshi's Medical Records Preserved". It is said that records were compiled by his disciples and descendants. Among them, "Treatment of Warm Heat" is Ye's oral teaching experience and the crystallization of clinical experience. It is a very important and precious document in the theory of febrile diseases. The whole article mainly discusses the ways of experiencing febrile diseases, the rules of transmission, treatment methods and syndrome differentiation of Weiqi, Yingxue as the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of febrile diseases, as well as the analysis methods and diagnostic significance of tongue, teeth, macules, etc., and discusses the prenatal and postpartum conditions of women. Syndrome and treatment of febrile diseases suffered when menstruation is appropriate. It is said that his disciple Gu Jingwen recorded what he dictated when he went on a boat trip to Dongting Lake with Ye. "Clinical Guide Medical Records" is compiled by Wuxi Hua Xiuyun's collection of Ye's medical records in his later years and classification. It is divided into eighty-nine categories of diseases. Each category is written by its disciple and attached with an article on treatment. Xu Lingtai's comments are attached to the back of the category. Volumes 1 to 8 record miscellaneous syndromes and epidemiological cases of internal medicine; Volume 9 is gynecology; Volume 10 is pediatrics; an index of prescriptions is attached at the end of the book. It is said that "Youke Xinfa" was written by Ye Guishou, and Zhang Nan renamed it "Three Seasons of Subdued Qi and External Infections", which mainly discusses the syndrome differentiation and treatment of various pediatric diseases, especially elucidating the external factors of subdued Qi in spring and summer and autumn dryness. Evidence and treatment.
"Ye Tianshi's Medical Records Preserved" was compiled by Ye Wanqing, Ye's great-grandson, based on family records. The first volume mainly focuses on miscellaneous diseases; the second volume mainly contains cases of febrile and febrile diseases; and the third volume uses Zhongjing's formula to verify the cases. There are also "Unprinted Ye's Medical Records" copied by disciple Zhou Zhongkai. In addition, there are many medical records and writings named after Ye's name, including "Jingyue's Physics", "Ye's Medical Heng", "Secret Biography of Medical Efficacy", "Explanation of Essential Prescriptions", and "Treatment of Gynecological Diseases" etc.
Ye Tianshi is a medical scientist who has made outstanding contributions in the history of the development of Chinese medicine. The program of syndrome differentiation and treatment of febrile diseases, Wei Qi, Ying Ying and blood he founded laid a solid foundation for the formation of the theoretical system of febrile disease theory; Many of his new insights and treatments for miscellaneous diseases still have important clinical significance and practical value.
As a great febrile disease specialist in the history of the development of Chinese medicine, Ye Tianshi is a medical master who is proficient in internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology, surgery, and ENT, with his outstanding medical ideas, superb medical skills and Rich clinical experience and long-lasting reputation.