The main financing methods for state-owned enterprises are:
1, bank borrowing
It takes the bank as the main operating body and operates according to the credit rules, which requires the safety of assets and the return of funds, and the risk depends on the quality of assets. Credit financing, due to the long chain of responsibility and recourse period, information asymmetry, by a few decision-makers on the project's judgment to dominate the large amount of funds, the accumulation of risk pushed into the future. Credit financing needs the support of a developed social credit system.
2, P2P financing
P2P financial development in the country is taking shape, but there is no clear legislation, the domestic microfinance mainly rely on the "China Microfinance Union" to preside over the work. The legitimacy of the reference basis, mainly "the first case of the national Internet loan disputes or the results of the Ali micro-credit win".
3, securities financing
Securities financing is a direct form of market economy financing, the public directly and widely participated in the market supervision
4, corporate finance
Securities financing mainly includes stocks, bonds, and as a basis for the operation of the capital market. Different from credit financing, securities financing by many market participants in the decision-making, investor-to-investor, public-to-public behavior, directly subject to the public and market risk constraints, the future risk of direct exposure and pricing, the risk is borne directly by investors.
5, equity financing
Stock listing can be in the domestic, can also choose to go abroad, can be listed on the main board can also be in the high-tech enterprise board, such as the United States (NASTAQ) and Hong Kong's Growth Enterprise Market. Issue of shares is a kind of capital financing, the investor has the right to claim the profits of the enterprise, but the invested capital can not be recovered, the investor risk is higher, so the expected return required is also higher than the bank, from this point of view, the cost of capital of stock financing is higher than the bank borrowing.
6, investment
It is not offered through the open market, a private search for strategic investors in the financing method. Therefore, its advantages and disadvantages are similar to the issuance of shares on the market, but due to the lack of public corporate information and the lower risk of acquisition by others, financing through investment promotion is also welcomed by some enterprises.
7, private lending
Private lending has also become a way of corporate finance, private lending are: private banks, microfinance, third-party financial management, private lending chain, guarantees, private equity funds, bank and enterprise docking platforms, online lending, financial supermarkets, financial groups, private capital management companies, private lending registration centers, etc., in addition to these traditional forms of private lending. Pawnbrokers have also become a major new flow of private capital.
8, private lending
Most small and medium-sized enterprises prefer to bank loans to finance, however, in the commercial banks, more willing to lend to the strength of the large enterprises, many small and medium-sized enterprises are a variety of harsh conditions. According to incomplete statistics, small and medium-sized enterprise loan application rejection rate of 56%. Therefore, small and medium-sized enterprises to choose private lending is relatively easy financing channels.
9, lease financing
Financial leasing for small and medium-sized financing important channels, small and medium-sized financing to see a new dawn.
Expanded:
The role of corporate finance:
(a) Corporate finance is a method of reflecting the movement of funds?
Enterprise financing on the movement of funds according to the economic content of the classification, an accounting section to reflect a class of economic operations, each accounting section from different aspects to reflect the overall movement of funds. Each accounting item is a link that reflects the movement of funds, and the system of accounting items is a chain that reflects the movement of funds.
Through the information provided by an accounting account, to recognize a certain aspect of the movement of funds, for example, the "fixed assets" account, to provide in a certain period of time, the increase, decrease in fixed assets and how much the amount of existing information, you can reflect the situation of fixed assets; through the information provided by all the accounting accounts, it can be a whole. The information provided by all the accounts will be able to reflect the situation of the fixed assets.
(ii) Business financing is the basis for organizing accounting?
Enterprise financing as a basic accounting system, which provides for accounting entries including the scope of accounting, specific content, accounting methods, preparation of accounting entries method, detailed accounting and registration of books of accounts requirements. According to the provisions of the accounting accounts organization: set up accounts in the books; daily accounting transactions,
determine the accounting entries, the preparation of vouchers; register books and so on. For example: the purchase of a batch of goods valued at $, of which $ belonging to the materials, should be in accordance with the provisions of the "materials" accounting account for the processing; belong to the administrative expenses of $.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Financing