The 4004 was Intel's first microprocessor, and the world's first commercially available processor. The 4004's origins can be traced back to the Busicom calculator, as it was originally created as part of a project by the Japanese calculator manufacturer Busicom to develop a set of chips for use in a family of programmable calculators. Busicom initially supplied 12 customized chips for the project, and Busicom paid Intel $60,000 to take ownership of the microprocessor. Intel offered to return ownership of the microprocessor design in exchange for $60,000, and Busicom agreed to Intel's request and on November 15, 1971, Intel introduced the microprocessor to the worldwide market. On November 15, 1971, Intel introduced the 4004 processor to the global market, which had a transistor count of 2,300, a speed of 108 KHz, and a price tag of $299 at the time.
1972: The 8008 microprocessor
The 8008 was introduced by Intel in 1972, and was twice as powerful as the 4004, with 3,500 transistors at 200 KHz, and was adopted in 1974 by a device called the Mark-8, one of the first home computers. The desktop was essentially a prototype.
1974: 8080 microprocessor
In 1974, Intel introduced the more powerful 8080 processor with 6,000 transistors and a speed of 2 MHz. 8080 was the brain of the first personal computer, the Altair. At the time, computer enthusiasts could purchase an Altair kit for $395, and in the months that followed, tens of thousands of Altair units were sold, causing the first shortage in the history of computer sales.
1978: The 8088 microprocessor
Taking advantage of the timing of the market and increased demand, Intel introduced the 8088 processor in 1978 with 29,000 transistors and speeds of 5, 8, and 10 MHz, giving consumers more freedom of choice for the first time in the commercial market. Consumers were given more freedom of choice, and Intel successfully sold the 8088 to IBM's new personal computer division, making the 8088 the brain of IBM's new hot-selling product, the IBM PC.
1982: The 286 Microprocessor
The 286 (also known as the 80286) was the standard for processors entering a new technology, with 134,000 transistors and four main frequencies of 6MHz, 8MHz, 10MHz, and 12.5MHz. The 286 was Intel's first processor to be fully compatible, meaning it could run all the processors written for its predecessor. The 286 was Intel's first processor with full compatibility, meaning that it could run all software written for its predecessor, and this software compatibility became a constant feature of the Intel processor family, with approximately 15 million 286-based personal computers in the world within 6 years of its release.
1985: The 386 Microprocessor
To keep pace with the globalization of the enterprise, Intel released a 386 processor in the fall of 1985, which was an upgraded version of the 286, with 275,000 transistors, or more than 100 times the number of transistors in the original 4004 processor, the 386 being a 32-bit, "multiprocessor" processor. The 386 was a 32-bit "multiprocessor" chip - that is, it could run multiple programs simultaneously - with four main frequencies of 16MHz, 20MHz, 25MHz, and 33MHz.
1989: 486 microprocessor
With a transistor count of 1.2 million and frequencies of 25MHz, 33MHz, and 50MHz, the 486 processor's adoption meant that users were henceforth moving away from command-format computers into a "point-and-click" one. and-click)" computing era, the 486 processor for the first time using the built-in math coprocessor, the load of mathematical computing functions from the central processor, thus significantly accelerating the speed of computation.
1993-1997: The Pentium Processor
The Pentium was a groundbreaking product and influenced the PC space for over a decade, and the "name" is still in use today, as the Pentium processor allows computers to more easily integrate "real world" data, such as voice, video, and audio, into the computer.
The Pentium processor allows computers to more easily integrate "real-world" data, such as voice, sound, handwriting, and pictures.
On March 22, 1993, Intel released both the Pentium 60MHz and 66Mhz processors, and both were built on a 0.80-micron process technology with a core of 3.1 million transistors.
On March 7, 1994, Intel released the Pentium 90MHz and 100Mhz processors, both built on the 0.60 micron process with a core of 3.2 million transistors.
On March 10, 1994, Intel released the first notebook Pentium processor (Pentium 75MHz), which was manufactured using a 0.60-micron process and had a core of 3.2 million transistors.
On March 27, 1995, Intel released the Pentium 120MHz processor, which was built using the 0.60 micron/0.35 process technology, but the core was still composed of 3.2 million transistors.
In June 1995, Intel released the Pentium 133MHz processor, which was manufactured using the 0.35 process technology, and the core was upgraded to 3.3 million transistors.
On November 1, 1995, Intel released the Pentium 150MHz, Pentium 166MHz, Pentium 180MHz, and Pentium 200MHz processors, and adopted the 0.60 micron/0.35 process technology, with the core upgraded to 5.5 million transistors. At this time, INTEL increased the L2 cache to 256K and 512K versions based on previous designs.
On January 4, 1996, Intel released the Pentium 150MHz and Pentium 166MHz processors, using the 0.35 micron process technology, but the core consists of 3.3 million transistors.
On June 10, 1996, Intel released the Pentium 200MHz processor, which uses the 0.35 micron process technology, but the core is still composed of 3.3 million transistors.
On January 8, 1997, Intel released two MMX instruction technology Pentium 166MHz and Pentium 200MHz processors, which used the 0.35 micron process technology, and the core was upgraded to 4.5 million transistors.
On January 12, 1998, Intel released the Pentium 266MHz processor with a 0.35 micron process technology and a core of 3.3 million transistors.
1997-1998: Pentium II processors
On May 7, 1997, Intel released the Pentium II 233MHz, Pentium II 266MHz, and Pentium II 300MHz PII processors, which used the 0.35 micron process technology, and the core was boosted to 7.5 million transistors The Pentium II is the first of the three PII processors to be released in the United States.
On June 2, 1997, Intel released the Pentium II 233MHz processor with MMX instruction technology, using 0.35 micron process technology with a core consisting of 4.5 million transistors.
On August 18, 1997, Intel released the Pentium II 200MHz processor with 1M L2 cache, using 0.35 micron process technology with a core of 5.5 million transistors.
In 1997 Intel began to move its processors to the slot1 interface platform across the board, and this development by Intel is seen as strong evidence that its technology strategy was strongly influenced by market demand. The only technical explanation for the use of the slot1 interface was that there was not enough space inside the processor for the L2 cache, so it had to be placed on a separate board. At the beginning of this era Intel also introduced Celeron processors with the slot1 interface without the L2 cache.
During this time, 100MHZ SDR memory was already on the market, but Intel made the shocking announcement that they were abandoning parallel memory in favor of a memory called Rambus, and many large companies such as Siemens, HP, and DELL went to Rambus, but the popularity of DDR memory later proved to be a failure for Intel. Intel's failure.
On January 26, 1998, Intel released the Pentium II 333MHz processor with a 0.35 micron process technology and a core consisting of 7.5 million transistors.
On April 15, 1998, Intel released the Pentium II 350MHz, Pentium II 400MHz, and the first Celeron 266MHz processors, all three of which used the latest 0.25 micron process technology with a core consisting of 7.5 million transistors.
On June 29, 1998, Intel released the Pentium II Xeon 400MHz processor, which also offered L2 cache of 512K and 1M in two versions, and used 0.25 micron process technology with a core consisting of 7.5 million transistors.
On August 24, 1998, Intel released the Pentium II 450MHz processor with a 0.25-micron core consisting of 7.5 million transistors.
On October 6, 1998, Intel released the Pentium II Xeon 400MHz processor with 512K L2 cache, and this CPU was developed specifically for dual-processor server motherboards, using a 0.25 micron process technology with a core of 7.5 million transistors.
On January 5, 1999, Intel released the Pentium II Xeon 450MHz processor with L2 cache of 512K, 1M, and 2M, and the CPU was developed specifically for quad-processor server motherboards using a 0.25-micron process with a core consisting of 7.5 million transistors.
1999-2000: Pentium III processor
February 26, 1999, Intel released the Pentium III 450MHz, Pentium III 500MHz processor, while the use of 0.25 micron process technology, the core consists of 9.5 million transistors, from which INTEL began to collapse the PIII journey! The PIII journey!
On May 17, 1999, Intel released the Pentium III 550MHz processor, which uses a 0.25 micron process technology, with a core of 9.5 million transistors.
On August 2, 1999, Intel announced the Pentium III 600MHz processor, which uses a 0.25 micron process technology with a core consisting of 9.5 million transistors.
On October 22, 1999, Intel released the Pentium III 500MHz~733MHz multi-processor, which used the latest 0.18-micron process technology to provide L2 cache of 256K, and the core consisted of 28 million transistors.
On March 8, 2000, Intel released the Pentium III 1.0GHz processor using the latest 0.18 micron process technology, providing L2 cache for 256K L2 cache, the core consists of 28 million transistors. Since then, INTEL has stepped into the G era.
On March 20, 2000, Intel released the Pentium III 850MHz and Pentium III 866MHz processors, which used the 0.18 micron process technology to provide 256K L2 cache and 28 million transistors in the core.
On May 24, 2000, Intel released the Pentium III 933MHz processor, which uses a 0.18-micron process technology to provide an L2 cache of 256K and a core of 28 million transistors.
When the socket370 package was first introduced, some consumers abandoned the slot1 platform in favor of the new processor. The new PGA packages are available in PPGA and FC-PGA, with the former being cheaper and therefore used in Celeron processors, and the more expensive latter being used in Pentium III processors. The exception: Celeron processors with the Mendocino core are available in both packages. The PPGA-packaged Celeron processor can be used on slot1 motherboards via an adapter card, while the FC-PGA-packaged Pentium III processor can't be helped.
2000-2002: Pentium 4 processors
On November 20, 2000, Intel released the Pentium 4 1.4GHz and Pentium 4 1.5GHz processors, which used a 0.18-micron process technology to provide an L2 cache of 256K, and cores up to 42 million transistors. This ushered in the P4 era for INTEL.
On April 23, 2001, Intel released the Pentium 4 1.6GHz, Pentium 4 1.7GHz, and Pentium 4 1.8GHz processors, which used the 0.18 micron process technology to provide L2 cache for 256K L2 cache, and cores up to 42 million transistors.
Socket 423 is a product of the same short life as the slot1 interface, which was introduced in October 2000 and used for less than a year in August 2001. Most users ended up up upgrading to the more mature socket478 platform, and many who purchased socket423 processors lost their investment. There was only one CPU that used the socket423 interface, the Pentium IV processor with the Willamette core. Ultimately, sales of this processor in the market were much lower than expected, but Intel's market share grew during the same period. The release of the Pentium IV and Netburst gave people a great deal of encouragement, and to this day, Intel's 3.8GHZ processors are still based on this architecture. The new processors also featured a number of new technologies such as the SSE2 instruction set, which supports fast video streaming encoding.
On August 27, 2001, Intel announced the Pentium 4 1.9GHz processor, which uses a 0.18-micron process technology, offers an L2 cache of 256K, and a core of up to 42 million transistors.
On August 27, 2001, Intel released the Pentium 4 2.0GHz processor, which uses the latest 0.13-micron process technology to provide an L2 cache of 512K and a core of up to 55 million transistors.
On January 7, 2002, Intel announced the Pentium 4 2.20GHz processor, which uses the latest 0.13 micron process technology to provide an L2 cache of 512K and a core of up to 55 million transistors.
On April 2, 2002, Intel announced the Pentium 4 2.40GHz processor, which uses the latest 0.13 micron process technology to provide an L2 cache of 512K and a core of up to 55 million transistors.
On May 6, 2002, Intel released three Pentium 4 2.26 GHz, Pentium 4 2.40 GHz, Pentium 4 2.53 GHz processors with a 533MHz front-side bus, using the latest 0.13-micron process technology to provide L2 cache of 512K, and cores up to 55 million transistors. 55 million transistors make up the core.
On August 26, 2002, Intel released two Pentium 4 2.50 GHz and Pentium 4 2.60 GHz processors with a 400 MHz front-side bus, as well as the Pentium 4 2.66 GHz and Pentium 4 2.80 GHz processors with a 533 MHz front-side bus, all four CPUs All four CPUs utilize the latest 0.13-micron process technology, offer 512K L2 cache, and have a core of 55 million transistors.
As the processor frequency and the number of integrated transistors increase, the amount of power consumed by the processor begins to increase dramatically. In order to meet the huge power requirements of the processor, as the Pentium IV processor reaches 72W, it requires an additional power connector attached to the motherboard to meet the power needs of the processor, and due to the increase in heat generation, a cooling fan becomes a necessity. Intel's main push to pair with the Pentium IV is the 850 platform, which features dual-channel Rambus memory up to The dual-channel Rambus memory achieved an unprecedented 2.5GB/S memory data bandwidth, but the high price of Rambus memory made the early P4 platform quite expensive. Intel was unable to use DDR memory, which was already on the market at the time, due to contractual limitations.
While the new Pentium 4 processors were quite mature, they still didn't sell well in the marketplace, mainly due to the expensive RDRAM memory. Although Intel later introduced the 845 solution that allowed users to use SDR memory, it was clear that the data transfer rate of SDR memory was not satisfactory. DDR memory was already on the market, but Intel couldn't use this cheap solution due to protocol issues.
After a long wait for consumers Intel finally reached an agreement with Rambus, and Intel immediately launched the 845D and 845GD chipsets based on the DDR memory platform. Although DDR doubled the data bandwidth compared to SDR, it was still insufficient compared to Rambus, and the emergence of dual-channel DDR memory solved the problem.
2002-2004: Hyper-Threading P4 processor
On November 14, 2002, Intel released the Pentium 4 3.06 GHz processor with a front-side bus of 533MHz, using a 0.13-micron processor technology, providing an L2 cache of 512K, and a core of 55 million transistors.
In November 2003, Intel released the P4 processor Extreme Edition 3.20 GHz with support for Hyper-Threading (HT) technology, utilizing a 0.13 micron process with 512 KB of L2 cache, 2 MB of L3 cache, and 800 MHz system bus speed.
In June 2004, Intel released the P4 3.4 GHz processor, which supports Hyper-Threading (HT) technology, uses a 0.13-micron process, and features 512 KB of L2 cache, 2 MB of L3 cache, and 800 MHz system bus speed.
2005-2006: Dual-core processors
In April 2005, Intel introduced the first dual-core processor, the Pentium Extreme 840, clocked at 3.2 GHz, which integrated two or more full execution cores into a single processor, allowing it to take advantage of resources that might have previously gone unused to simultaneously process four software threads.
In May 2005, Intel announced the Pentium Dual-Core processor, which was launched alongside the 945 Express Chipset family to provide consumers with better performance such as surround sound audio, high-definition video, and enhanced graphics capabilities.
In January 2006, Intel announced the Pentium D 9xx family of processors, which includes the Pentium D 960 (3.60 GHz), 950 (3.40 GHz) with support for VT virtualization, and the Pentium D 945 (3.4 GHz), 925 (3 GHz) with no support for VT (note: the 925 does not support VT virtualization) and 925 (3 GHz). VT virtualization technology) and 915 (2.80 GHz).
In July 2006, Intel announced ten new Core 2 Duo and Core Extreme processors. Core 2 includes five desktop processors specifically tailored for businesses, homes, workstations, and gamers (e.g., high-end gamers), and Core 2 delivers up to a 40 percent performance boost.
However, the Pentium D is not a perfect dual-core architecture; Intel simply made two completely separate CPU cores on the same chip, connected to the chipset through the same front-side bus. The two cores lacked the necessary synergy and resource **** enjoyment, and also had to make frequent synchronized flushes of the L2 cache to avoid problems with the working pace of the two cores. In this sense, the Pentium D has not brought as much progress as one would expect! What's worse, since almost all of today's big 3D games don't support dual-core platforms, the Pentium D/XE's gaming performance is very poor, and is only comparable to a single-core product of the same frequency, which is expected to make gamers suffer a lot!
Almost simultaneously with Intel's launch of the Pentium D/XE, AMD launched the dual-core Athlon 64 X2 processor. Like Intel, AMD did not develop a new core specifically for the Athlon 64 X2 processor, which is essentially a derivative of the Athlon 64 core. Unlike Intel, AMD designed the K8 architecture with the possibility of integrating dual cores in mind, and added a dedicated tasking unit for the K8 core to communicate with other CPUs in order to build a resilient interconnect architecture for multiple processors!
Summary: While Pentium products will still be on the market for some time to come, the media's focus will shift to dual-core, and if there is still a media focus on Pentium IV, then it is definitely a good time to look at Pentium IV. If there is still the media focus on the "Pentium IV" not to let go, it will be the circle called "amateur". 2006, dual-core will become the mainstream of the market, non-dual-core products will gradually fade out. 2006 Intel will be in the desktop, servers, notebooks, the entire line of products using dual-core processors, the entire line into the dual-core era. By the end of 2006, 40% of Intel desktop CPUs, 70% of laptop CPUs and 85% of server CPUs will be developed to multi-core design. Dual-core, is no longer the exclusive domain of the server high-end, in 2006 Intel will fully promote dual-core technology into every family