Originally titled: Shanghai: how to do a good job of "old age" in the country's oldest city
China Youth Daily - China Youth Daily Online reporter Wang Yejie Source: China Youth Daily (March 09, 2017, 06 Edition)
Rehabilitation teachers lead the elderly in the community to do towel exercises. Wang Yejie/photo
The beds of the elderly that have just been made up in the morning in the elderly care home. WANG YEJIE/PHOTO
The word "aging" is no longer a stranger to China today. Aging is now becoming an important topic for China's sustainable economic development.
This is especially true in Shanghai. Shanghai is the first city in China to have an aging population, and it has the highest degree of aging. By the end of 2015, the city, known globally for its modernity and fashion, had accumulated 4.36 million household residents aged 60 or older, accounting for 30.2 percent of the city's household population.
The large elderly population base, coupled with a senior care service system that lags a bit behind that of developed countries, has posed a huge challenge for the city. Recently, China Youth Daily - China Youth Daily Online reporter found that a new "community elderly care" model is being rolled out in the city of Shanghai, compared with the comprehensive elderly care institutions, it is more suitable for most of the elderly, but also more "pro-people".
Higher than the "early childhood institutions" standard of care services for the elderly
Shanghai Pudong New Area, Lujiazui Street, an old neighborhood, "hidden" in the elderly group in a very high reputation "! The hardware decoration is comparable to that of a four-star hotel, and the software services are higher than five-star standards.
The China Youth Daily - China Youth Daily Online reporter noted that the total construction area of 1060 square meters of the elderly home, at first glance, it looks more like a well-equipped "early childhood education institutions".
Each step on the stairs, are marked with brightly colored stickers "steps", from the first floor to the second floor, the elderly will get a big award - congratulations on completing this "ascent journey! "There are 24 steps in the whole journey; beside each bed, there are cartoon cushions and family photos that the elderly love; when they need private space, they can have a separate small room by pulling the wooden door; in the activity room, there is a small blackboard with a limerick of "four and ten", which is one of the contents of today's course to help the elderly to learn more about the elderly. In the activity room, a small blackboard has "four and ten" limericks written on it, which is one of the contents of today's program to help the elderly exercise their oral muscles; on the floor of the mentally retarded elderly area, there are labels of 1 to 12 steps, which are the "starting point" and "end point" of the daily exercise for the elderly, because of the decline of their memory, and even the most basic walking according to the labels is a kind of "starting point" and "end point" for some elderly people. Some of the elderly are a kind of "exercise".
If I don't tell you, you can't imagine that this is a government-run public welfare institution. Whether from the service, or from the hardware conditions, it seems that this should not be a "government-pocketed" services, but more like a market-oriented "early education institutions.
According to the Shanghai Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, Chen Yuebing, director of the Department of Aging, Shanghai, "13th Five-Year" period of the goal of the elderly, has been from the past universal elderly services, towards the diversification of the direction of development, "in the past, the government to cover, the government-run elderly care institutions, the feeling is that the level of service is very poor. . Now we provide more dynamic services by the government to provide sites, invite social organizations to move in, the elderly themselves pay a small part of the cost of the way."
Since the second half of 2014, Shanghai has been carrying out "elderly care homes" like the Lujiazui Elderly Comprehensive Care Homes in the central city, which are embedded, multi-functional, and small-scale community-based elderly care facilities that can provide the elderly with nearby, convenient, and comprehensive elderly care services. Currently, there are 73 elderly care homes in the city, and it is expected that by the end of 2017, full coverage will be achieved in the neighborhoods of the central city and suburban urbanized areas.
New model born, the government no longer "directly run" the elderly
"Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, China's elderly service model can be simply summarized as "9073
During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, China's elderly service model can be briefly summarized as "9073"--that is, family self-care, community-based elderly care, and institutionalized elderly care as a whole. 90% of the elderly live in their own homes, 7% of the elderly live in their communities, and 3% of the elderly live in institutions.
By the 13th Five-Year Plan, the new development of the aging population has put forward new requirements for the elderly model. In Shanghai, the comprehensive service supply system is being emphasized more. Ideally, the "90, 7, 3" group of people could be provided with comprehensive services by the same elderly service provider.
"In the past, government-run facilities for the elderly mainly catered to the needs of healthy, low-aged elderly people; now, there are more and more disabled, demented and elderly singletons living alone in the community, so how do we meet this part of the immediate needs?" Chen Yuebing said, Shanghai's solution is the government and social enterprises together to run elderly service organizations, the elderly to enjoy the service themselves and then pay some money.
The Lujiazui Elderly Comprehensive Care Home, for example, is located in the lot and building, was originally the community's public **** facilities, the local government through the form of bidding, purchased the services of the Shanghai Fuyuan elderly service center. This elderly service organization, from the beginning of the renovation of this link, the whole process of intervention in the construction of elderly care homes.
Yu Ling, manager of the consulting department of Fuyuan Senior Living, told China Youth Daily - China Youth Daily Online that he was involved in all the renovation, space utilization, and consulting and planning of this site, "In addition to a more reasonable hardware setup, the hiring of service personnel is also managed by us throughout the entire process."
This elderly care home, there are rehabilitators, nurses, social workers, volunteers and other types of service personnel, and the number of service personnel by the local government in accordance with the scope of the region's actual demand for the number of elderly, in accordance with the city's unified standard requirements of the institution equipped.
This morning, the China Youth Daily - China Youth Online reporter saw that the elderly people in the non-disabled area on the first floor were following the rehabilitator to do the daily routine of towel exercise, a simple exercise of twisting the towel around, which is said to be effective in exercising the elderly people's finger mobility.
There are only 32 beds in total*** and 30 care spaces ("care spaces" means day care capacity for the elderly -- reporter's note), and which elderly people can stay in a community and which ones can't, is a big question of fairness.
Auntie Zheng, who lives alone, signed up for the program through the WeChat platform "Lujiazui Online" and was successfully admitted to the integrated care home for the elderly. She was hospitalized 14 days ago for an operation on a broken leg, and after being discharged from the hospital, she was admitted to a two-bedroom room in the home for the elderly. For a day's stay here, she needs to pay about 150 yuan for nursing care, plus the cost of meals, a rate that is uniform across the city.
Every night, the aunt on night duty will help her get up to use the toilet, "with a very good attitude. Some elderly people relieve themselves four or five times a night, the aunt has no complaints." This is much more cost-effective than spending five or six thousand dollars a month on a live-in nanny yourself, "The nanny and there is no nursing quality, many people hear that they have to take care of the elderly, and head away without looking back."
Cheng Auntie introduced herself in the hospital during the hospitalization, submitted an application through the network, and then the street social workers directly to the hospital to assess her condition, through the assessment before being able to stay in the elderly home.
This assessment system, according to Chen Yuebing, the city's unified, its full name is "municipal elderly care unified needs assessment information management system", through a variety of detailed criteria, the elderly in different situations are divided into six levels, some people can fully enjoy the government "bottom line Some people can fully enjoy the government's "bottom-up" services, but more people can enjoy the services "partly at their own expense and partly subsidized by the government" after assessment. All applicants' information is stored in the system, making it easy to find, monitor and unify the deployment of resources.
Serving the "incapacitated" and "demented" elderly is the only thing that can be called a "pocket"
Shanghai's basic requirement for these elderly care homes is that they can provide services for The government's policy is to provide services for the disabled and mentally retarded elderly. Chen Yuebing said that in the past, the public elderly care institutions have always been unable to find a suitable "market-oriented road", but now, as the national policy gradually began to allow private elderly care institutions to enter, public institutions have also found a suitable market road, "In addition to private non-government organizations, we also encourage responsible enterprises to participate in the operation. to participate in the operation."
Can provide services for the immediate needs of the disabled and mentally retarded elderly has become a focus of the "competition".
China's population aging process, the current most prominent problem is the rapid increase in the number of disabled and mentally retarded elderly. The latest statistics show that there are more than 40 million disabled and mentally retarded elderly people in China, and their old age and medical problems directly affect more than 100 million families.
In Shanghai, Auntie Xu, a demented old woman with gray hair, has been lost many times. Recently, her family, unable to care for her, sent her to a community care home for the elderly to await an assessment. During the assessment, the home allowed her to stay there temporarily and receive care.
"This is really a big help for the people the government needs to cover." Xu's family told China Youth Daily - China Youth Daily Online reporter, in order to Xu old lady's trusteeship, the family ran through no less than 10 elderly care institutions, are not accepted, "the risk is too great, are not willing to take."
So, the government and social institutions jointly organized by the elderly home, in such a high-risk situation, and what is the bottom for the disabled, mentally retarded elderly pocket?
Yu Ling told reporters that in the past, it is not that organizations are not willing to manage the disabled and mentally retarded elderly, but "dare not touch" this group. "From the management point of view, as long as the management is in place, there is basically not much risk. However, on the one hand, we are afraid of what if, on the other hand, is not too willing to pay the high cost of management, so they love to 'grab' the healthy elderly." Yu Ling introduced, the current situation is that a senior care service organizations want to work with the government to engage in old age, then in addition to accepting a community of healthy elderly people, dementia, dementia, elderly people are also "standard.
Compared with the past, the service is now more "insurance" for the disabled and demented elderly.
It is reported that, since 2015, Shanghai has implemented a policy of "rewarding and subsidizing" the qualified elderly service institutions from the internal medical institutions, recruitment of specialized personnel, brand chain operation of three aspects. In order to help elderly service providers to prevent operational risks, Shanghai has also launched a "comprehensive liability insurance for elderly institutions", by the city, district and elderly institutions tripartite **** with the premiums.
By the end of 2015, 87 percent of the city's total number of insured senior care institutions, and the 100-bed crime rate is on a downward trend.
Beginning in January 2017, Shanghai also launched a comprehensive insurance for community-based elderly care services covering service personnel, service recipients, and liabilities involving third parties, to help community-based elderly care service organizations reduce operational risks.
Every senior care service organization will have a "score" with the Shanghai Civil Affairs Bureau in the future. Shanghai has already assessed more than 200 senior citizens' organizations in terms of facilities and equipment, management level, service quality and social reputation. According to the plan, it will take two to three years to realize the full coverage of the city's elderly institutions rating.
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