Take an empty mineral water bottle, burn some small holes in the bottom with a red-hot fine wire, then cut it into three pieces as shown by the dotted line in the figure, discard the middle part, invert the lower part and make it firmly embedded in the upper bellows under the action of hot water of 70-80 degrees Celsius, as shown in the figure. In order to ensure that it does not fall off, can be under the action of hot water, so that the lower edge of the outer bell jar slightly inward. Then a rubber stopper with an air conduit is fitted to the top of the bell and placed into a large-mouthed flask or beaker of the appropriate size and depth, making it a bell-type helium generator.
Steps of helium production
(1) remove the rubber stopper, put the zinc particles into the bell, so that the zinc particles are evenly spread in the middle of the partition with holes, and then tighten the rubber stopper, and put it into a large-mouthed bottle or beaker.
(2) Add an appropriate amount of 1:4 dilute sulfuric acid to the beaker.
(3) Open the piston, then the acid enters the bell jar and comes into contact with the zinc grains, reacting to produce hydrogen.
(4) Closing the piston stops the reaction.
(5) When the experiment is finished, the bellows containing the zinc particles is lifted out of the acid and washed, and both the zinc particles and the acid are recovered.
Introduction of helium: Helium (old translation as 氜) is a chemical element, its chemical symbol is He, its atomic number is 2, it is a colorless inert gas, when the discharge of dark yellow light. At room temperature, it is an extremely light, colorless, odorless, tasteless monatomic gas. Helium is the most difficult of all gases to liquefy and is the only substance that cannot be solidified at standard atmospheric pressure. Helium is chemically very inactive and in its normal state it is difficult to react with other substances. Helium is the second most abundant element in the universe, making up 24% of the galaxy.
Basic uses: With its low boiling point of -268.9°C, liquid helium can be used for ultra-low temperature cooling. Helium is indispensable for superconductor applications that have gained widespread attention in fields such as levitation trains. In addition, helium is commonly used as a filling gas in spaceships or advertising balloons, a use that is well known due to characteristics such as its chemical inactivity and lighter-than-air nature. Helium is widely used in gas mixtures for breathing in the field of marine development, as well as in the medical field for the cooling of superconducting electromagnets in nuclear magnetic *** vibration imaging equipment: military, scientific research, petrochemicals, refrigeration, medicine, semiconductors, pipeline leakage detection, superconductivity experiments, metal manufacturing, deep-sea diving, high-precision welding, and production of optoelectronic products. It can be used for low temperature cold source and superconducting technology. It can also be used as a leak detector for high vacuum devices, atomic nuclear reactors, spaceships, etc. and as a protective gas for welding of magnesium, zirconium, aluminum, titanium and other metals. It is used as pressurized gas to transport liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen and other liquid propellants in rockets and spaceships. It is also used as a cleaning agent for atomic reactors, as a carrier gas for gas chromatography analysis, as a balloon inflator, as a shielding gas for arc welding, as a mixing gas for diving, and as a filler gas for gas thermometers. In addition, helium is also used in vacuum leak detection, such as helium mass spectrometry leak detectors, due to its good permeability and non-flammable characteristics.
Methods of Preparation:
Condensation: Natural gas is used to extract helium from natural gas by the condensation method, which involves the pretreatment and purification of natural gas, the production of crude helium, and the refining of helium to produce 99.99% pure helium.
Air separation method: generally used to condense the method from the air device to extract crude helium, neon mixture of crude helium, neon mixture of pure helium, neon mixture of separation and purification, the production of 99.99% pure helium.
Hydrogen liquefaction: The hydrogen liquefaction method is used in industry to extract helium from ammonia tail gas. The process is low-temperature adsorption to remove nitrogen, distillation to get crude helium plus oxygen catalytic dehydrogenation and helium purification, to produce 99.99% pure helium.
High purity helium method: 99.99% pure helium is further purified by activated carbon adsorption to produce 99.9999% high purity helium.