Big Data Boosts Smart Cities to Enhance Urban Management
The accelerating pace of urban construction has made China's urban management increasingly high priority for the government and society, but compared with the situation of accelerated urbanization, there are still many management problems that should not be ignored: the unlimited expansion of the city scale and the rapid growth of the urban population have led to serious problems in the process of urbanization. such as serious environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and chaotic social order. Facing so many problems, the level of urban management determines the progress and quality of urbanization development. Therefore, to make urban management smarter and more effective, the construction of smart city is particularly important. The realization of the smart city requires the use of informationization, intelligence, refinement, visualization and other scientific and technological means to promote management innovation through comprehensive perception, information *** enjoyment and intelligent problem solving in the process of urban planning, construction, management and operation.
Big data multifaceted boost smart city to enhance the level of urban management
With the constant emergence of the Internet, new media, as well as cloud computing, the Internet of Things and other technologies, the data is growing and accumulating at an unprecedented rate, to form the big data that we are talking about today. It has four characteristics: scale, diversity, high speed and value. Big data is changing our life, work and thinking, bringing a major epochal transformation to the development of human society. As an important strategic asset, big data has penetrated into every industry field and sector to varying degrees, and its in-depth application not only helps business operations, but also provides decision support for improving urban management efficiency, saving resources, protecting the environment, and sustainable development through intelligent analysis and effective use of urban information, effectively promoting harmony among all elements of the urban system so as to improve urban management level and promote the construction of smart city.
One, urban operation generates big data
Every hour and every second of urban operation generates a large amount of data, including structured data, such as the data processed by the commonly used Excel software; and including unstructured data, such as web logs, videos, pictures, geographic location information, and so on. Building an efficient urban operation monitoring system is an important means to collect big data in urban operation. Relying on broadband metropolitan area network as well as wireless communication network, urban operation monitoring utilizes modern communication (satellite, cell phone, cluster phone), computer network (Internet, LAN, WAN, etc.), 3S technology, sensors, and other hardware and software architectures, and integrates the professional systems related to urban management into several platforms to realize the function of real-time collection and processing of massive-type data generated by terminals and nodes, and the realization of data **** enjoyment.
For example, Shenzhen's sanitation department has implemented credit management for road sweeping and urban household garbage collection and transportation services, GPS real-time monitoring of garbage transportation vehicles, and improved the level of road sweeping and cleaning and urban household garbage collection and transportation services in the region. Beijing Public Transportation Card produces 40 million swipe records every day, and the subway has 10 million passenger trips every day, analyzing these data can improve the urban traffic condition; the urban management command center carries out 24-hour uninterrupted image monitoring and forensic evidence of the key areas to discover and solve problems in time; the chief scheduler of the urban management wireless communication system monitors and controls the normal use of the entire wireless communication system on a daily basis, and mobilizes all levels of the urban management by means of the wireless console manipulation and GPS vehicle positioning system. Vehicle positioning system to mobilize all levels of urban management law enforcement officers to investigate and deal with illegal acts, to achieve rapid response; standardized management of the joint staff, can be set from 5 seconds to 10 minutes to the center to report the location of the information, beyond the scope of the joint automatically to the duty center forecast, effective supervision of the team dynamics. The city management hotline receives reports and complaints from the public 24 hours a day, issues task orders through the city management network and supervises the entire handling process. Kunshan City, 360 kilometers of roads in the implementation of the area of mobile street measurement, access to more than 2 million real-world photos of the street, you can accurately measure the geometric dimensions of the components.
Two, big data to help urban management
With the acceleration of China's urbanization process, the object and scope of urban management has become more complex, such as water, electricity, gas, communication security, access to urban transportation, environmental health protection, disaster prevention, fire prevention and burglary, and the management of sudden event response. Building a risk management system on the basis of all kinds of basic data can further improve the level of urban management, eliminate potential safety hazards and realize rapid response. Digital city management is emerging in recent years, laying the foundation for the construction of smart cities. As a gridded virtual physical platform, digital city management collects and uploads information about the city, including natural resources, social resources, infrastructure, humanities, economy and other aspects of the city with the help of modern information technology, and then stores all kinds of information in the form of data by cloud technology, which forms a big data system. The information center then passes the information to the relevant departments to supervise the processing and effective use through the analysis and processing of the big data.
(I) Big data helps to improve the urban environment
Urbanization makes urban waste and domestic garbage increase day by day. China produces more than one hundred million tons of garbage every year, and it is growing rapidly. At the same time, the development of urban industry and transportation has led to an increase in the consumption of fossil fuels, resulting in a large amount of toxic gases, soot and dust being emitted into the atmosphere. According to the Beijing Health Bureau, the incidence of lung cancer in Beijing is increasing exponentially, which is directly related to PM2.5. Therefore, the issue of environmental management is urgent. We advocate early prevention, timely detection and efficient treatment, which requires the support of modern information technology, through intelligent systems for source analysis, on-site monitoring, process control and early warning and forecasting. Therefore, it is necessary to make full use of digital information processing technology and network communication technology to integrate and make full use of all kinds of digital information and information resources affecting the urban environment, so as to make the complex system of urban ecological environment digitalized, networked and virtual simulation, and realize visualization through in-depth analysis and processing of the collected big data, so as to provide scientific basis for the government's decision-making on environmental governance.
For example, monitoring data can be used to analyze how much of the PM2.5 is brought by dust, how much is emitted by motor vehicles, how much is brought by the heating system, and so on. It can be closely integrated with the meteorological forecasting system, and timely plans to shut down pollution sources can be taken when there are pollution omens. Beijing Haidian District has realized the refined management based on data, with the help of geographic information platform (GIS) to collect the basic data for comprehensive query, statistics and visual display. It realizes full attribute, multi-mode query and map display of 1.4 million basic data of 7 major categories and 102 minor categories and more than 1 million case data of the three-center integration system in the whole district. This provides detailed and reliable data support for analyzing and solving environmental order improvement problems in Haidian District. Multi-mode map query of more than 2,000 video camera points in the whole district allows real-time access to relevant images and realizes full-layer data correlation. Through the access and superposition of each layer of data, in-depth excavation, so that the value hidden behind these data from different perspectives can be presented. In this way, the system map can accurately show the frequency and key points of the problem of indiscriminate dumping and unloading of garbage and soil in each street and township, thus providing powerful information support for the district government to comprehensively grasp and focus on solving this kind of problem. Then, for example, by overlaying the district-wide dumpster component data with the layers of exposed garbage problems, problems such as irrational dumpster configuration can be analyzed.
(II) Big data helps ease traffic pressure
The automobile has been regarded as a symbol of freedom since its inception, but its inventor should not have expected that today cars fall into a reversal of the law of the opposite of what is best -- people almost waste their time in traffic jams and waiting for traffic lights. The IBM Global Traffic Misery Index Report shows that Beijing is listed as the most miserable city in the world for commuting traffic with a super high score of 99. Traffic congestion has become a prominent problem affecting Beijing's urban operational efficiency and residents' lives. The carrying capacity of the transportation infrastructure is seriously overloaded, and the traffic carrying capacity of the public transportation system is saturated. However, the corresponding fact is that Beijing does not have the highest per capita and absolute number of automobiles among all major cities in the world. Undoubtedly, the problem lies in the design, planning and management of road transportation. The arrival of the big data era has provided a prescription for solving the transportation problem. Unlike traditional data collection methods, big data in the cloud era enables personalized, convenient and intelligent travel by collecting and analyzing data in real time.
Currently, Shanghai is building a public **** car operation information distribution system supported by Internet of Things technology, which allows citizens to use their smartphones to inquire about bus routes and real-time operation information. Not coincidentally, the city of Nanjing based on a powerful cloud platform running intelligent transportation cloud system, cloud video surveillance and intelligent analysis applications, real-time collection and processing of 1,000 cameras in Nanjing, and the entire Nanjing 1.4 million motor vehicle scale of traffic data for real-time query and analysis, and proactive alarms, active notification of users.
The construction of the comprehensive traffic information platform brings together static and dynamic information on road traffic, public **** traffic and external traffic, and establishes a road traffic guidance system to guide vehicles to choose reasonable paths. Big data can provide the government with a basis for judging decision-making matters for major projects, strengthen real-time early warning research and judgment, improve the quality of the level of public travel services, provide accurate and reliable traffic prediction information, and effectively alleviate traffic congestion, but also attract more people to use communal transportation, improve the travel structure, and reduce the number of private car trips. Beijing's air condition has been deteriorating in recent years, and if the traffic congestion problem can be solved, not only will the economic benefits be enhanced, but the city's air quality will also be improved.
(C) Big data helps improve the emergency response system
According to statistics, every year in China, natural disasters, accidents and disasters and social security incidents cause millions of casualties and about 650 billion yuan of economic losses, accounting for 6% of China's GDP. When the society occurs crime, fire, explosion and other kinds of police, the masses of medical emergencies, coal, water and electricity repair and other kinds of emergency distress events, earthquakes, fires, tidal waves and other sudden natural disasters, as well as social unrest, war and other kinds of major emergencies, the need for the government to unify the coordination, unified scheduling of related departments to work together. With the continuous progress of society, the type of emergency emergencies occurring in society is more complex and varied, the traditional response mechanism has been unable to adapt to the increasing number of emergency emergencies to deal with the needs.
City emergency linkage system integrates wired communication scheduling system, wireless communication voice scheduling system, computer backbone network system, integrated police system, voice recording system, video image system, urban geographic information system, mobile target positioning system, mobile communication command vehicle system, computer room monitoring system, power supply system, etc. as a whole, with the command and control function. Through the collection, processing and analysis of big data obtained by these technical means, it makes the alarm, help and complaint calls of emergency events realize unified police receiving, rapid response and linkage police handling.
The emergence of new media has further improved the city's emergency response system. "When the 7.21 Beijing rainstorm occurred, due to the large number of people asking for help, the rescue phone was busted, and the trapped people could not get help from the microblogging platform, so they turned to the microblogging platform to ask for help. Through the microblog contains people, time and location and other brief text information can be judged rescue needs. In addition, adding location data to microblogs can also realize map positioning, providing more accurate information for disaster relief and improving the efficiency of disaster relief. In the Ya'an earthquake, in addition to microblogging again highlighting the advantages of new media communication, WeChat group and the search platform launched by major Internet companies also provide multi-channel support for disaster relief. However, the data of major websites are not interoperable, and the low accuracy and inefficiency of the data has become the biggest drawback. To maximize the value of data, it must be online, open, ****enabled, interconnected and relevant. This shows that the openness and *** enjoyment of data is a necessary and yet to be solved thing.
(IV) The Promoting Role of Big Data on Urban Management under Information ***Hanging
In the past, there were no network and technological conditions for solving the problem of ***Hanging information resources. These objective and subjective reasons have caused the phenomenon of "information islands" in urban construction. For the existing "information islands", the most practical way is "integration". Improve the public open rate of government information resources, gradually develop public welfare information resources, make full use of market information resources and digital information resources, and build a number of categories of information resources database, i.e. big data. It can improve the level of information technology application and service capacity in education, science and technology, medical care, social security, cultural construction, etc., so as to promote the vigorous development of social public ****service undertakings.
The established databases of various government departments can be efficiently interconnected in order to improve the ability of government departments to work together, improve the efficiency of doing things for the people, and significantly reduce the cost of government management. For example, as many as 180 million people receive pensions each year in China, and a significant portion of recipients continue to receive them after their deaths, causing huge financial losses to the country. With the help of big data technology, the city's hospitals, civil affairs departments, social security departments, financial departments and other related management organizations for effective integration and correlation of data, after the death of the recipient, the death of its information will be the first time in the city's core data management database updated, the financial sector in the issuance of pensions at a glance on the latest situation of the recipients, to eliminate the root causes of theft and fraudulent claims and other issues. It can be seen that big data can greatly enhance the level of "wisdom" and scientific decision-making ability of the government's social management. To manage, maintain and deepen the application value of the massive data in the basic database, to change the massive data into real effective data, to make the data serve the actual work, to provide the basis for the refinement of urban management, to provide effective support for scientific decision-making, these have become the new model of information-based urban management in the actual operation of the urgent need to solve the problem.
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