Paper In ancient times, our ancestors mainly relied on knotted ropes to keep track of things, and then gradually invented the written word, and began to use oracle bones as a writing material.
Later, they discovered and utilized bamboo and wood chips and thick silk as writing materials. But thick silk was too expensive and bamboo was too bulky, which led to the invention of paper.
According to evidence, China's Western Han Dynasty has begun the production of paper, the Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties period paper widely spread. Commonly used by people, papermaking further improved.
The raw materials for papermaking are also diversified, the paper has a variety of names such as bamboo curtain paper, rattan paper, fish egg paper ...... Cai Lun papermaking a wide range of raw materials to rotten fishnet made paper called net paper, rags made of paper called cloth paper. Sui and Tang dynasties, the famous Xuan paper was born.
(In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province, the main origin of Xuan paper, there is such a legend: Cai Lun's disciple Kong Dan, in the southern Anhui Province to make paper for the industry, he has always wanted to create a particularly ideal white paper, used to come for the master to draw portraits to repair the genealogy. But after many trials could not get what he wanted.
Once in the mountains, he happened to see some sandalwood trees fell next to the mountain streams, due to the depth of time, water-soaked rot white. Later, he used this bark to make paper, and finally succeeded.
It can be concluded that: the use of bark manufacturing rice paper, in the Tang Dynasty when it is more prevalent.) Tang Dynasty in the previous generation on the basis of dyeing yellow paper, and evenly coated with wax on the paper, so that the paper has a glossy and moist, colorful and beautiful advantages, known as hard yellow paper.
The paper industry in the Fifth Dynasty still continued to develop, Shezhou manufactured Chengxintang paper, until the Northern Song Dynasty, has been recognized as the best paper. By the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the paper industry and prosperity and innovation.
All kinds of paper once again prevalent, in the texture of the white paper and elegant color paper, color to the sharp and quiet, such as Kangxi, Qianlong period of powder wax paper, printing and painting stained flower paper, paper production, to the Qing Dynasty, has reached the point of perfection. (The process of papermaking) General printing paper production is divided into pulp and papermaking two basic processes.
Pulping is the use of mechanical methods, chemical methods, or a combination of both methods to dissociate plant fiber raw materials into natural pulp or bleached pulp. Paper is suspended in the water pulp fibers, after a variety of processes combined into a variety of requirements of the paper.
Paper mills generally need to store enough raw materials for 4 to 6 months, so that the raw materials in storage through natural fermentation, in order to facilitate pulping, while ensuring continuous production of paper mills. By the preparation section of the reeds, wheat grass and wood and other raw materials cut into pieces (for the production of chemical pulp) or wood broken (for the production of grinding wood pulp), and then the small pieces of raw materials into the cooking device with chemical liquid, steam cooking, the raw materials cooked into pulp, or or wood broken to the grinding machine grinding pulp, can also be a certain degree of cooking and then grinding into pulp.
The pulp is then washed with a large amount of water and the coarse pieces, knots, stones and sand in the pulp are removed through screening and purification. Then according to the requirements of the paper type, bleach the pulp to the required whiteness, and then use the pulping equipment for pulping.
Then add in the pulp to improve the performance of paper filler, glue, sizing agent and other auxiliary materials, and again for purification and screening, and finally sent to the paper machine through the net part of the filtration, press dewatering, drying dryer, calendering winding, and slitting rewinding or cutting production of rolls and flat board paper. If the production to produce coated printing paper, it is necessary to dry the middle or the production of rolls of paper after the coating process and realize.
6 In addition to the above basic process, it also includes some auxiliary processes, such as the preparation of cooking liquid, the preparation of bleaching liquid, the boiling of rubber and the recovery of chemicals and heat in the cooking waste liquid and exhaust gas. Baqiao Paper: In 1957, ancient paper from the Western Han Dynasty dating back to the 2nd century BC was unearthed at Baqiao in the eastern suburb of Xi'an.
When unearthed, it was a stack of paper pieces, large and small, the largest 10*10 centimeters, the smallest 3*4 centimeters, beige in color. After repeated scientific examination, it was found that it is mainly made of hemp and a small amount of ramie fibers, that is, this is "plant fiber paper.
The tomb was built no later than the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, from 140 to 87 BC, so it can be concluded that more than 2,000 years ago, in the 2nd century BC, China already produced and used plant fiber paper. This kind of Baqiao paper is the earliest paper in the world unearthed by archaeology.
Cai Lun Paper: Cai Lun, the inventor of papermaking in the Han Dynasty, was known as Jingzhong. He was a native of Guiyang (present-day Chenzhou City, Hunan Province).
Ming Emperor Yongping eighteen years (75) into the palace as a eunuch. In the first year of Zhanghe (87) of the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was appointed as a Shangfang order.
Yuanxingyuan (105) invented papermaking. He summarized the experience of previous generations, began to have bark, hemp, rags, old fishing nets and other raw materials through the frustration, pounding, copying, baking and other processes of papermaking, known as "Caihou paper", the reform and popularization of papermaking has made a great contribution to the later generations of people passed on to the invention of papermaking.
Paper-making is one of the four great inventions of ancient China, the dissemination of world culture, development, make great contributions. Zuo Bo paper: After Cai Lun, others continued to improve his method.
About eighty years after the death of Cai Lun (the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty), there was another paper maker named Zuo Bo. The paper he made was uniform in thickness, fine in texture and bright in color.
At that time, people called this paper "Zuo Bo paper". Unfortunately, history has not recorded the raw materials and manufacturing methods used by Zuo Bo.
Vine paper: Wei, Jin and North and South Dynasties period of paper widely circulated, generally used by people, paper technology to further improve the papermaking region by the Jin before the concentration of Henan Luoyang area and gradually spread to the Yue, Shu, Shao, Yang and Anhui, Gan and other places, production, quality is increasing day by day. Paper raw materials are also diversified, the name of the paper a lot.
Hedges has a rattan paper with rattan skin as raw material, the paper is uniformly fine and smooth, white as jade, and does not leave ink. Attachment: the history of paper Paper is one of the four great inventions of science and technology in ancient China, which, together with the compass, gunpowder, and printing, provided a material and technical basis for the prosperity of ancient culture in China.
The invention of paper put an end to the complicated history of ancient paperwork, and greatly facilitated the dissemination and development of culture. In the ancient times, our ancestors mainly relied on the knotted rope to keep track of things, and then gradually invented the writing, and began to use the oracle bone as a writing material.
Later, they discovered and utilized bamboo and wood (i.e., jianzhi) as well as thick silk as writing materials. But thick silk was too expensive and bamboo was too heavy, which led to the invention of paper.
According to evidence, paper production began during the Western Han Dynasty, and in 1957, the Shaanxi Provincial Museum unearthed a collection of what it called "Baqiao paper" in a Western Han tomb near Baqiao in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, dating from the time of Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty.
This was followed by Rob in Xinjiang.
2. About Paper
The earliest paper was made 2,200 years ago, in the early Western Han Dynasty, but it was still crude and not widely used. In 105 AD, the Eastern Han Cai Lun improved it, and it is considered the originator of modern papermaking.
The raw materials for papermaking are mainly plant fibers, raw materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, in addition to the three main components, there are other components with less content, such as resin, ash and so on. In addition, there are auxiliary components such as sodium sulfate.
Paper is generally divided into two kinds of flat and roll. Flat paper is mainly used for sheet-by-sheet use, such as for platform printing presses and writing, painting and other paper. Roll paper is mainly used for continuous processing machinery, such as for rotary printing, bag making machine continuous bag making, cigarette machine continuous package of cigarettes and so on.
Extended information
Classification of paper:
1, according to the production method is divided into handmade paper and mechanical paper.
2, according to the thickness and weight of paper is divided into paper and cardboard.
3, according to the use can be divided into: packaging paper, printing paper, industrial paper, office, cultural paper, living paper and specialty paper.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Paper
3. Knowledge about paper
The earliest paper in 2200 years ago, the early Western Han Dynasty has a paper, but still very rough, not widely used.
105 A.D., the Eastern Han Cai Lun improved, is considered the originator of modern papermaking. Paper raw materials are mainly plant fibers, raw materials in addition to containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin three major components, there are other components with less content, such as resin, ash, etc..
In addition, there are auxiliary components such as sodium sulfate. Paper is generally divided into two kinds of flat and roll.
Flatbed paper is mainly used for sheet-by-sheet use, such as for platform printing presses and writing, painting and other paper. Roll paper is mainly used for continuous processing machinery, such as for rotary printing, bag making machine continuous bag making, cigarette machine continuous package of cigarettes and so on.
Extended information on the classification of paper: 1, according to the production method is divided into handmade paper and mechanical paper. 2, according to the thickness and weight of the paper is divided into paper and cardboard.
3, according to the use can be divided into: packaging paper, printing paper, industrial paper, office, cultural paper, living paper and specialty paper. Baidu Encyclopedia-Paper.
4. Please tell me some common sense about the classification of paper and the basic types
Copperplate paper: divided into single-sided and double-sided coated coated paper, according to Japan's paper industry classification standards for each side of the coated amount of about 10g/m2 or more, for the current culture and publishing, advertising and design, printing and bookbinding, and industrial and commercial sectors are one of the most commonly used types of paper;
Lightly coated paper: coated with pigments and calendaring, to improve the uniformity of the paper surface and improve the smoothness of the paper.
Lightly coated paper: coated with pigment and calendered to improve the uniformity and smoothness of the paper surface and to improve the paper's ink holding properties;
Dowling paper - chemical pulp copied into printing and writing paper, which is one of the most commonly used grades in the cultural publishing and printing and bookbinding industries;
Biblical paper - contains a large number of titanium dioxide fillers, lightweight, high opacity paper, designed for printing Bibles, dictionaries, or aviation expresses.
Difference:
Copperplate paper: smooth, bright, absorbent ink uniformity, good gloss, high opacity, after color printing, the pattern effect of bright color levels of performance, suitable for color prints;
Dowling paper: the surface of the uncoated pulp, gloss and smoothness compared to the coated paper to be a little worse;
Lightly coated paper: that is, a low-quantitative coated paper, between the coated paper and offset paper. Between coated paper and offset paper, its color printing effect can be comparable to coated paper, and has a good opacity and smoothness. Durability is small, so it is more suitable for printing does not need to be preserved for a long time;
Bible paper: paper light, very thin, so thousands of pages of paper put together only the thickness of the average book, the paper is very slippery, smoother than the average paper, not rough.
5. Valuing paper information
The surge in demand for pulp is one of the reasons for the growth in wood consumption.
The country's annual paper consumption of 10 million cubic meters of wood, more than 1.3 million tons of imported wood pulp, more than 4 million tons of imported pulp, which has to cut down how many trees ah! The massive waste of paper not only causes deforestation, but also due to the production of sewage discharged so that the rivers and lakes are seriously polluted. You may not have direct deforestation, but do you think, wood is the main raw material for paper, waste of paper is equal to join the ranks of the view of the forest.
Cherish paper is to cherish our forest resources, please do not just throw away the white paper, make full use of the blank space of the paper. Used a side of the paper can be turned over to do draft paper, note paper, or self-made notebooks to use, expired calendars can be wrapped book cover.
Refuse to accept the useless propaganda paper distributed everywhere, the manufacture of these propaganda will be a large amount of waste of paper, but also because of the distribution of everywhere, paste and damage to the city's health. You must not be able to get away from paper in your studies.
Do you know, a large number of paper is made of wood, the national annual paper consumption of 10 million cubic meters of wood. The process of papermaking will also discharge a large amount of wastewater, pollution of rivers, it causes pollution accounted for more than 30% of the pollution of the entire waters! Save paper.
That is, to protect forests and rivers. - - Use exercise books sparingly, don't just throw away the white paper, make full use of the blank space of the paper.
-- Used side of the paper can be turned over to make draft paper, note paper or homemade notebook use; expired calendar paper can be used to wrap the book cover. --Don't send a lot of greeting cards during New Year's because trees have to be cut down to make beautiful greeting cards, and 4,000 cards will sacrifice a big tree, which will damage the environment.
--Support the "Reduce Cards, Save Trees" campaign by college students to save money on greeting cards and plant trees to protect nature. Suggestion: Actively promote the use of recycled paper and recycled paper products.
You can also use waste paper to make your own New Year's cards, which is both chic and meaningful. The soaring demand for pulp is one of the reasons for the increase in wood consumption.
The country's annual paper consumption of 10 million cubic meters of wood, more than 1.3 million tons of imported wood pulp, imported more than 4 million tons of paper, which has to cut down how many trees ah! The massive consumption of paper not only caused by deforestation, but also due to the production of pulp emission of sewage so that rivers and lakes are seriously polluted (pollution caused by the paper industry accounted for more than 30% of the pollution of the entire waters). What kind of recycled paper products have you used? Have you ever seen business cards or books made from recycled paper? Recycled paper is paper that has been reconstituted from waste paper.
In many countries, it has become fashionable to use recycled paper, and people are proud to present business cards with "made from recycled paper" on them to show that they are environmentally conscious and civilized. A lot of companies also stipulate the use of recycled paper as office supplies.
The United States has a requirement that 60% of the paper used by *** organizations must be recycled paper.
According to statistics, China's forests have plummeted by 23% during the last decade, and the volume of harvestable reserves has been reduced by 50%. The natural forests of Xishuangbanna in Yunnan have been disappearing at a rate of about 16,000 hectares per year since the 1950s.
What was then 55% of the original forest cover has now been halved. The Japanese, with their many rituals, have also been changing their habit of giving New Year's cards in large numbers in recent years.
Some large companies have advertised that they will no longer send New Year's cards in the mail. College students in China have organized a campaign called "Reduce Cards, Save Trees", which advocates saving the money spent on greeting cards to plant trees and protect nature.
-- The used side of the paper can be turned over to make draft paper, note paper, or homemade notebooks; expired calendars can be wrapped in book covers. --Refuse to accept those useless propaganda papers distributed everywhere, the manufacture of these propaganda materials will not only be a large waste of paper, but also because of the distribution and posting everywhere to destroy the city's hygiene.
Activity Objectives 1, Attitude, Emotion, Values To make students realize the impact of wasting paper on the environment and resources, take the initiative to take measures to conserve paper, and take responsibility for protecting the environment. 2、Methodology and process Organize students to investigate the amount of paper used, cultivate the awareness of saving paper, collect information on the history of paper making and the relationship between it and the environment, visit the staff of the recycled paper factory, and design a plan for saving paper and recycling of waste paper according to the information collected.
3. Knowledge and Ability To make students know the consumption of forest resources by a large amount of paper making, the pollution of the environment by small paper factories, as well as the production methods of recycled paper and the importance of saving paper and using recycled paper to protect the environment. Activity Background China's annual paper consumption of more than l billion tons, requiring a large number of raw materials for paper making - pulp.
Pulp mainly comes from wood and recycled waste paper. At present, China's forest coverage is only 13.92%, for paper production of forest resources are very short.
In recent years, on the one hand, China spends a lot of foreign exchange every year to import paper, paper plates and paper raw materials to do waste paper, on the other hand, the domestic waste paper is due to the acquisition of low prices and cause serious waste. Waste paper is the preferred raw material for paper making.
According to experts, the use of waste paper than with wood paper, not only can reduce environmental pollution, but also save resources, energy. In foreign countries, forest-rich countries attach great importance to waste paper recycling, such as Japan, the forest cover is much higher than our country, the amount of waste paper recycling is as much as 100 million tons, equivalent to the total amount of paper in our country each year.
In 1998, the Yangtze River basin and the Northeast suffered huge floods, and the indiscriminate cutting of forests, do not pay attention to the protection of forest resources has a lot to do. The people concerned emphasized that with the reduction of raw materials for paper making - logs, from the point of view of environmental protection and resource reuse, the recycling of waste paper should pay more attention to enough.
Paper is a daily necessity for students, guiding students to pay attention to the problems in the use and recycling of paper can enable students to set up a small thing to start from their own start to protect the environment awareness. Activity Process The whole activity*** is completed in 3 class hours.
Lesson 1: Guide students to discuss the topic of paper: what do you know about paper? What else do you want to know about paper? Through this activity, the students take the initiative to pay attention to the actual use of paper in life, put forward questions about paper, and on this basis to choose and determine their own research sub-topics, set up a research group, and formulate a research plan. Lesson 2: Students carry out research and practical activities according to the plan.
Lesson 3: Presentation and exchange of the results of the preliminary research, and in-depth research and exploration, and finally complete the activities of reflection and evaluation. Student activities Teacher guidance Part I: Basic activities Lesson 1: Starting from observing the waste paper recycling signs, focus on the "paper" problem, and start thinking about paper.
6. Ask for a tip about paper
Tell what are some simple tips for testing paper!
Single paper inspection
Take any piece of paper from the pile, touch the surface with your hand or look at the paper flat, check the degree of flatness and uniformity of the surface of the paper and the degree of cleanliness. General
In general
, the paper surface should be smooth service without marks, no lumps, while the surface of the paper should not be dark and light, reflective spots, or with the color of the paper is not consistent with the dust and so on.
Lift the paper into the light to observe, check the uniformity of the paper. The paper should not be dark and light, varying degrees of translucent or transparent points when observed in the light. If the paper appears to be a large area of uneven cloudy spots, it shows that the uniformity of the paper is very poor, will seriously affect the quality of the print.
7. Paper knowledge to ask
The appearance of the printing paper quality and common paper disease The appearance of the paper quality, refers to the lack of instrumentation, relying only on the human senses can be discerned to recognize the quality of the paper condition.
It can be divided into the appearance of the quality of the paper itself and the appearance of a piece of paper by a piece of paper or a long strip of paper to form a piece of paper quality. Either appearance quality in varying degrees affects the use of paper.
Poor appearance not only reduces the value of paper and printing yield, but also make the paper a serious waste. In addition, the paper in the individual serious appearance of paper disease such as hard paper blocks, etc., in the printing will also be rolled bad plate and rubber rollers, resulting in damage to the printing equipment.
The appearance of paper quality and physical properties also have a close relationship. For example, the appearance of obvious bubble yarn paper, its smoothness and opacity will also be affected.
The appearance of paper quality inspection should achieve the following three purposes: the test is clear that the quality of paper pieces. Mainly: pieces of paper shape is good, whether the size is qualified, packaging quality and the degree of damage.
Master the basic paper quality of paper. Including color, uniformity and flatness, flexibility and tensile strength, smoothness and cleanliness.
Spot-check the approximate leakage rate of lithographic paper (the percentage of total paper that has visible paper diseases). The meaning of paper In order to help readers have a general understanding of paper, first of all, a brief introduction to the general knowledge of paper.
Paper is an important material condition for human civilization and literature and science to record, accumulate, transmit and develop, it plays an extremely important role in the history of human development, with the improvement of the quality of paper and the emergence of new varieties of paper, paper has been extended to the application of culture and science, daily life, medical and health care, business, national defense, and industrial and agricultural production in various fields. Almost no one in modern society does not recognize the paper, but there may be almost no one to recognize all the paper.
Paper, almost everyone is commonplace. However, what exactly is meant by paper, or what is the definite meaning of paper? I am afraid that many people, including those who often deal with paper may not be able to answer accurately.
According to the "Chinese people's **** and national standards (GB4687-84) in the provisions of the so-called paper, from the suspension of plant fibers, mineral fibers, animal fibers, chemical fibers, or mixtures of these fibers deposited into the appropriate molding equipment, after drying to make a flat, uniform thin pages. In a broad sense, paper - can be used to encompass the terms paper and cardboard.
According to the standards of the paper industry sector, usually less than 225g / m2 of the amount of paper is called paper or paper, the amount of more than 225g / m2 is called cardboard. However, this boundary is not absolute, but also to the characteristics of the paper and the use of flexible grasp.
Previously, China's paper and cardboard quantitative provisions are: in 150 ~ 200g / m2 is called paper; in 150 ~ 200g / m2 above is called cardboard. As the boundaries of cardboard and paper are not very clear, coupled with the industrial sector and the commercial sector is not uniform, often quantitatively in the 200g/m2 or so called paper card.
With the diffraction of time, slowly formed a law, that is, the quantitative 200g/m2 or more, and printing or decoration for the main purpose of the paper, known as cardboard. Such as 250g/m2 copper plate card (paper), 280g/m2 glass card (paper) and so on.
Paper is an important resource in human social life. From ancient times to the present, the main raw materials used in papermaking are plant fibers, such as wood, reed, bamboo, wheat straw, rice straw, bagasse, bark, flour, hemp, etc..
However, with the development and progress of society, the types of fiber raw materials used in papermaking and the application of paper products are expanding, the development of papermaking technology so that the depth and breadth of paper processing has also undergone profound changes. If the plant fiber-based paper, called the "first generation" of paper, then the paper made of synthetic fibers and plastic film made of paper tires, is called the "second generation" of paper, also known as synthetic paper.
Calendar film used for such paper. In recent years, at home and abroad, there is a "functional paper".
The so-called functional paper, is the use of some special raw materials, copied with some special features of the new paper. Newspaper reports on the paper used in foreign paper watches, probably belong to this type of functional paper.
Some people call this kind of functional paper "third-generation paper". Ordinary paper, copied without processing again, generally known as paper or raw paper.
In order to provide the surface properties of paper and decorative effects, or in order to give the paper surface a special performance, the original paper is reprocessed, the finished product is called processed paper (such as coated printing paper, copy paper, etc.). However, only in accordance with the processing can not meet the needs of some special purposes, so the use of new fiber raw materials and processing measures, to obtain a certain function of the paper.
Fire-resistant paper, glow-in-the-dark paper, electromagnetic wave shielding paper, and car cleaning paper known as "Oriental magic paper" can be considered as functional paper. Although the application and understanding of functional paper is still very little, but it can be expected that in the near future, functional paper will appear more and be familiar with.
With the development and progress of the point of view of things, the concept of paper and meaning, do not make a narrow understanding. Selection and use of printing paper Appropriate and reasonable selection and use of paper, to ensure the quality of publications and reduce the cost of publications are of great significance.
As a publishing and printing industry engaged in materials management personnel, not only according to the department's annual and quarterly publishing program, in advance to select the varieties and specifications of the required paper, and to be able to accurately calculate the number of various types of paper required according to the publishing program. But also to be able to coordinate and guide the printing staff to rationalize the use of paper, in order to reduce paper consumption and improve economic efficiency.
(a) the selection of paper The selection of paper, including the choice of varieties, specifications and quality levels and other aspects, not only focus on one aspect and ignored the other aspects. In the selection of paper varieties, mainly based on the characteristics of the printed materials to be printed and the use of the type of printing machine to choose.
Printing books and magazines in the color cover, illustrations or advertising inserts, etc., can choose double-sided coated paper or double-gummed paper; printing trademarks and other single-sided printing can choose single-sided coated paper or single-gummed paper; printing dictionaries, dictionaries, manuals and other tools for the use of dictionary paper or thin letterpress paper; printing books in general can be used to select the offset printing booklet paper or letterpress paper. The same is the printing of general books, if you want to use in the rotary printing machine need to choose the web (except for platform rotary printing machine), if you plan to print on the general platform need to choose the flat.
8. What is there to know about the introduction of paper
Measurement of paper Paper Specifications 1. Commonly used paper has two specifications: large and positive.
2. What is the meaning of large degree paper? Specification 889 * 1193 (mm) for the large degree of paper. 3. What is the positive degree of paper? Specification 787*1092 (mm) is positive degree paper.
4. How to calculate the number of sheets? The full paper folded in half for the folio, folio paper and then folded in half for the quarto The measurement of paper 1.What is the unit of measurement of paper? Order or roll. 2. What is meant by rolled paper? The whole paper rolled into a tube.
3. How many sheets of paper is one order? One order of 500 sheets of paper. (In some countries, 1000 sheets of paper for a ream.) 4. roll and ream is how to convert? Usually a roll is equivalent to about 10 orders.
5. What is the measurement of paper thickness? Grams. (More grams, thicker paper) 6. grams of what? Grams indicate the weight of a sheet of paper per square meter.
Conventional sizes Business card Horizontal: 90*55mm 85*54mm Vertical: 50*90mm 54*85mm Square: 90*90mm 90*95mm IC card 85x54MM Tri-fold advertisement Standard size: (A4) 210mm x 285mm Ordinary brochures Standard size: (A4) 210mm x 285mm Document cover Standard size: 220mm x 305mm Posters: Standard size: 540mm x 380mm Hanging flags: Standard size: 8-page 376mm x 265mm 4-page 540mm x 380mm Tote bags: Standard size: 400mm x 285mm x 80mm Letterheads Notes: Standard size: 185mm x 260mm 210mm x 285mm Positive paper 787 * 1092mm open (positive degree) Size Unit (mm) Full 781 * 1086 2 open 530 * 760 3 open 362 * 781 4 open 390 * 543 6 open 362 * 390 8 open 271 * 390 16 open 195 * 271 Note: Finished size = paper size - trimming size Large degree of paper: 850 * 1168 mm open (positive degree) Size Unit (mm) Unit (mm) Full 844 * 1162 2 open 581 * 844 3 open 387 * 844 4 open 422 * 581 6 open 387 * 422 8 open 290 * 422 Note: Finished size = paper size - trimming size Common open size (unit: mm) Open size: 787 x 1092 Folio: 736 x 520 4 open: 520 x 368 8 open: 368 x 260 16 openings: 260 x 184 32 openings: 184 x 130 Open size (large degree): 850 x 1168 Folio: 570 x 840 4 openings: 420 x 570 8 openings: 285 x 420 16 openings: 210 x 285 32 openings: 203 x 140 Positive degree of the paper: 787 * 1092mm Number of openings (positive degree) Size Unit (mm) Full open 781 * 1086 2 openings 530 * 780 * 1086 2 openings 530 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 * 780 1086 2-open 530*760 3-open 362*781 4-open 390*543 6-open 362*390 8-open 271*390 16-open 195*271 Note: Finished Size = Paper Size - Trimming Size Large degree of paper: 850*1168mm Number of openings (positive degree) Size Unit (mm) Full 844*1162 2-open 581*844 3-open 387*844 4-open 422*540 844 4-open 422*581 6-open 387*422 8-open 290*422 Note: Finished size = paper size - trimming size 16-open Large degree: 210*285 Positive degree: 185*260 8-open Large degree: 285*420 Positive degree: 260*370 4-open Large degree: 420*570 Positive degree: 370*540 2-open Large degree: 570*840 Positive degree: 540*740 Full Open Large: 889*1194 Small: 787*1092 Paper Size Open Number Desk inch inchin centimeter mm Full Sheet 36 x 26 43 x 31 1091 x 786 Pair Open 26 x 18 31 x 21.5 786 x 545 Pieced Open 26 x 12 14.3 x 31 786 x 370 ? Open 18 x 13 21.5 x 15.5 5 545 x 393 Singed 26 x 7.1 31 x 8.5 786 x 215 Singed 14 x 12 16.75 x 14.25 425 x 370 Be careful with 13 x 12 15.5 x 14.25 393 x 362 Be careful with 26 x 6 31 x 7.125 786 x 182 Borrowed 13 x 9 15.5 x 10.75 393 x 272 Borrowed 18 x 6.5 21.5 x 7.75 545 x 196 10 open 13 x 7.1 15.5 x 8.5 393 x 215 12 open 12 x 6.5 14.25 x 7.75 362 x 196 15 open 8.3 x 7.1 253 x 215 10 x 8.5 16 open 9 x 6.5 10.75 x 7.75 272 x 196 18 open 12 x 4.3 14.25 x 5.125 362 x 129 18 open 8.6 x 6 10.25 x 7.125 260 x 182 20 open 7.1 x 6.5 8.5 x 7.75 215 x 196 24 open 6.5 x 6 7.75 x 7.125 196 x 182 25 open 7.1 x 5.2 6.1875 x 8.5 215 x 156 30 open 7.1 x 4.1 8.5 x 5 215 x 126 32 Open 9 x 3.2 10.75 x 3.875 272 x 98 32 Open 6.5 x 4.5 7.75 x 5.375 196 x 136 36 Open 6 x 4.3 7.125 x 5.125 182 x 129 48 Open 6 x 3.25 7.125 x 3.875 272 x 98 50 Open 5.3 3.55 6.3125 x 4.25 160 x 107 64 open 4.5 x 3.25 5.375 x 3.875 136 x 98 72 open 4.5 x 2.8 5.375 x 3.375 136 x 85 128 open 3.25 x 2.2 3.875 x 2.625 85 x 67.