The enterprise shall accrue depreciation of fixed assets on a monthly basis, and the newly added fixed assets in that month shall be accrued from next month, and depreciation shall not be accrued in that month; Fixed assets reduced in the current month will still be depreciated in the current month, and depreciation will stop from next month. After full depreciation, depreciation will not be withdrawn regardless of whether it can continue to be used; Fixed assets scrapped in advance are no longer depreciated.
First, the life average method.
Also known as the straight-line method, it refers to a method of evenly allocating the accrued depreciation of fixed assets to the expected service life of fixed assets. The depreciation of each period calculated in this way is equal. The calculation formula is as follows:
Annual depreciation rate =( 1- estimated net salvage value rate)/estimated service life (year) * 100%
Monthly depreciation rate = annual depreciation rate/12
Monthly depreciation amount = original price of fixed assets * monthly depreciation rate
Second, the workload method
The workload method is a method to calculate the depreciation amount of each period according to the actual workload. The calculation formula is as follows:
Depreciation amount per unit workload = original price of fixed assets *( 1- estimated net salvage value rate)/estimated total workload.
Monthly depreciation of fixed assets = monthly workload of fixed assets * depreciation of unit workload.
Third, the sum of years method.
If the book value of the equipment is X, it is expected to be used for n years and the residual value is Y, then the depreciation accrued in the m-th year is (X-Y) * (N-M+1)/[(N+1) * N/2].
Four, double declining balance method
The book value of the equipment is X, the expected service life is N years (N is large enough), and the residual value is Y. ..
Depreciation in the first year c
Depreciation in the second year c
Depreciation in the third year c
It needs to be changed to straight-line depreciation in the last two years.
Accounting entry
1. Composition of acquired value (all reasonable and necessary expenses before reaching the intended usable state) = price (including value-added tax)+transportation and miscellaneous expenses+packaging expenses+installation expenses+taxes+loan (capitalized) interest+foreign currency loan conversion difference+engineering personnel's share of wages+professional service fees+other indirect expenses (deed tax, vehicle purchase tax, farmland occupation tax), etc.
A, not installed at the time of purchase
Borrow: fixed assets
[2] loans: bank deposits
B.( 1) Outsourcing loan: construction in progress.
Loans: bank deposits (paid goods, transportation and miscellaneous fees, etc.). )
(2) Loan: Construction in progress
Loan: bank deposit (installation fee paid, etc. )
(3) Borrow: fixed assets
Loan: carried forward when the project under construction reaches the scheduled usable state.
C. Self-built (1) and outsourced engineering materials: engineering materials (including VAT).
Loans: bank deposits
(2) Borrowing of engineering materials: projects under construction.
Loan: engineering materials
(3) Received the finished products of the enterprise: projects under construction.
Credit: the book cost of goods in stock.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (output tax)
(4) Raw materials purchased by borrowing enterprises: projects under construction.
Loans: raw materials (etc. )
Taxes payable-VAT payable (transfer-out input tax)
(5) Engineering materials are converted into enterprise inventory: raw materials.
Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax)
Loan: engineering materials
(6) Joint debugging expenses: expenses amortized within one year.
Loan: the fee paid by bank deposit. ................
raw material
Taxes payable-VAT payable (input tax)
Payable wages in ..................
(7) Labor services provided by auxiliary production workshops: projects under construction.
Credit: production cost-auxiliary production cost
(8) Completion and delivery: fixed assets.
Loan: Construction in progress.
(9) Reconstruction and expansion: projects under construction.
Loans: bank deposits (etc. )
(10) Expansion of variable price income: non-operating income.
Loan: Construction in progress.
(1 1) Confirm the new investment cost with reference to the estimated net recoverable amount ① and the due date of renovation and expansion+(original cost-accumulated depreciation) ②.
Borrow: fixed assets
Non-operating expenses ...........................................................................................................................................................................; ① When?
Loan: Construction in progress.
D. Investors' investment (value confirmed by all investors)
Borrow: fixed assets
Loan: paid-in capital (share capital)
E. Premium received from debt restructuring (1) Debit: premium received from bank deposits. ..........
fixed assets
Credit: accounts receivable
(2) Payment of insurance premium: fixed assets
Credit: accounts receivable
bank deposit
F. Exchange of non-monetary transactions (for example)
(1) received a premium.
Revenue recognized = premium/fair value * book value+premium/fair value.
* Taxes payable and education surcharge
Debit: bank deposit
fixed assets
Loan: raw materials
Taxes payable-VAT payable (transfer-out input tax)
Non-operating income-non-monetary transaction income
(2) Payment of insurance premium: fixed assets
Loan: raw materials
Taxes payable-VAT payable (transfer-out input tax)
bank deposit
G. accepting donations (1) and borrowing: fixed assets.
Loan: value of assets to be transferred-non-monetary assets to be donated.
(2) Borrow: the value of the assets to be transferred.
Loan: taxes payable-consumption tax payable
Capital reserve-accepting non-cash assets reserve
H. Free transfer-in (according to the book value of the transfer-out unit+relevant taxes and fees) borrowing: fixed assets.
Loan: capital reserve
bank deposit
First, the inventory surplus passed the "loss and surplus of pending property"
Book value: 1) market price-estimate the loss according to the old and new degree.
2) Estimated future cash flow (1 when unavailable)
(1) Debit: fixed assets.
Loan: loss and surplus of pending property.
(2) Loan: loss and surplus of property to be treated.
Loan: non-operating income
J. Payment or supplementary payment for contracted projects (1) Borrow: Construction in progress-Project X.
Loans: bank deposits
(2) Completion and delivery: fixed assets
Loan: Construction in progress.
K. Lease-in (omitted)
L, finance lease (1) loan: fixed assets-finance lease transferred to fixed assets. ..............................................................................................................................................
construction project
Loan: Long-term payables-finance lease payable
(2) Installment payment of financing lease: long-term payable-financing lease payable.
Loans: bank deposits
(3) When it expires, the property right of assets is transferred to the enterprise: fixed assets-fixed assets for production and operation.
Loan: fixed assets-fixed assets leased by financing.
Brief introduction of financial leasing expenses
2. Depreciation of fixed assets
Borrow: manufacturing expenses (management expenses, etc. )
Credit: accumulated depreciation
A, life average method (omitted)
B, workload (omitted)
C, double declining balance method
First year = value of fixed assets * 2/ service life
Second year = (fixed assets value-depreciation) *2/ service life
The rest can be inferred.
Penultimate year = (fixed assets value-depreciation-net salvage value) /2= last year.
D, the sum of years method
Total years (denominator) = n+(n-1)+(n-2)+...+2+1n is the serviceable life.
Molecule: first year = n；; Second year = n- 1 last year = 1
For example:
(1) service life is 8 years.
Denominator =8+7+6+5+4+3+2+ 1=36 First year ratio =8/36.
(2) The service life is 5 years.
Denominator =5+4+3+2+ 1= 15 Second grade ratio =4/ 15.
3. Description of subsequent expenses: (1) Auto repair loan: management fee.
Loans: bank deposits
(2) The renovation of fixed assets enters the renovation of fixed assets-fixed assets (between two renovations)
After depreciation is withdrawn, if it is not withdrawn, it will be included in non-operating expenses at one time)
Step 4 deal with
Step 1: Borrow: Clean up the fixed assets.
accumulated depreciation
Impairment of fixed assets
Loans: fixed assets
Bank deposits (taxes payable, etc.). ) ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
A. Investment transfer and lending: xx investment
Loan: liquidation of fixed assets
B. Donation transfer: non-operating expenses-donation expenses
Loan: liquidation of fixed assets
C. Debt restructuring: accounts payable
Loan: liquidation of fixed assets
D. Loans for non-monetary transactions: raw materials
Taxable
Loans: Disposal of fixed assets
C and D Referring to the previous example, both parties may be involved in "non-operating income -xx income (or expenditure -xx loss)"
E. Free transfer: capital reserve-free transfer of fixed assets.
Loan: liquidation of fixed assets
F. Inventory deficit: non-operating expenses
Loan: liquidation of fixed assets
G, sell, scrap
(1) Debit: liquidation of fixed assets.
accumulated depreciation
Impairment of fixed assets
Loans: fixed assets
Bank deposit (tax payable-business tax payable (tax rate 5%)) ........................................................................................................................................................