Polysulfone (PSU, PSF) of the introduction
Polysulfone (PSU) Polysulphone Glass transition temperature: 185 ℃
Polysulfone (PSU) is a class of the molecules containing sulfone groups on the main chain of the aromatic non-crystalline High-performance thermoplastic engineering plastics. Divided into transparent, opaque and filled grade 3 kinds of specifications. Because the main chain of polysulfone for the benzene ring, through the ether, sulfone, isopropyl and other base "hinge" linkage, so both the rigidity of the polyaryl sulfone, heat resistance and flexibility of the polyaryl ether. PSU is a transparent, hydrolytically stable plastics, good dimensional stability, good stability of deformation at room temperature; heating temperature of 175 ° C, with outstanding thermal stability. PSU is transparent, hydrolytically stable plastic, good dimensional stability, good deformation stability at room temperature; heating deformation temperature of 175 ℃, with outstanding thermal stability, long-term use of 160 ℃, short-term use of 190 ℃, can be in the range of -100 ℃ to +150 ℃ to maintain good performance.PSU has excellent mechanical properties, tensile strength of 70-75MPa, bending modulus of 2680MPa, and has an outstanding long-term creep resistance, in the long-term use of time during the mechanical properties can still remain unchanged.PSU Also has excellent dielectric properties, even if placed in water or 190 ℃ can still maintain high dielectric properties, in the 150 ℃ for a long time when the heat aging, its physical properties and electrical properties change very little, and excellent steam resistance, it's life in the steam at 145 ℃ for at least 12 years, and at the same time, in the wide range of temperatures and frequencies to maintain good electrical properties, and its flammability to meet the more stringent safety requirements! PSU is easy to process molding, can achieve precise tolerances, in addition to concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, other acids, alkalis, alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons and other chemicals stable.
The molecular structure formula of PSF is as follows:
Preparation method of PSU: Industrially, PSU is prepared by reacting chlorobenzene with chlorosulfonic acid to make p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, and then with chlorobenzene to condense to 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone under the catalysis of aluminum trichloride. Then with the bisphenol A and sodium hydroxide in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide and other solvents generated by the reaction of the sodium salt of bisphenol A reaction polymerization into PSU.
PSU applications: PSU applications are very wide, in the field of electrical and electronic, PSU can be used in the production of a variety of contactors, connectors, transformer insulation, SCR caps, insulating bushings, coils skeleton, terminal blocks, and collector rings, etc. Electrical components, printed circuit boards, bushings, transformer insulation, etc., PSU can also be used in the production of the electrical components of the electrical components of the electrical components of the electrical components of the electrical components of the electrical components of the electrical components. PSU can be used to make printed circuit boards, bushings, covers, TV system parts, capacitor films, brush holders, alkaline battery boxes, etc. In the automotive and aviation fields, PSU can be used to make shielding components, electric gear, battery cover, detonators, electronic ignition device components, lamp parts, aircraft interior accessories and aircraft exterior parts, spacecraft exterior shielding, etc. PSU can also be used to make lighting components. PSU can also be used to produce illuminator gear, electrical drives, sensors, etc., the world market used to make cabin parts of polysulfone polymer demand continues to grow, mainly due to the combustion of such polymers release less heat, produce less smoke, less diffusion of toxic gases, fully in line with the safety regulations of the use of the requirements; in the kitchenware market, PSU can be used in lieu of glass and stainless steel products for the Manufacture of steam trays, coffee containers, microwave cookers, milk and agricultural products containers, egg stoves and milking parts, beverage and food dispensers, etc. PSU is non-toxic products, can be made into repeated contact with food utensils. PSU as a transparent new material, heat and water resistance, hydrolytic stability is better than any other kind of thermoplastic, so it can be used to make coffee pots and so on. PSU can be used to make a variety of medical products than the cost of glass products, and not easy to rupture, so it can be used for instrument housings, dental instruments, heart valve box, blade cleaning system, soft contact lens molding box, micro-filter, dialysis membrane, etc. PSU can also be used for dental veneers, the adhesive strength of which is twice as high as that of acrylic acid; in daily necessities, PSU can be used to make humidifiers, hair dryers, hair dryers and other medical equipment. In daily necessities, PSU can be used to make humidifier, hair dryer, clothing steam, camera box, projector components and other heat-resistant, hydrolysis-resistant products. By 0.4 ~ 1.6MGy radiation and good drying over the PSU granules, at 310 ℃ and mold temperature 170 ℃ is very easy to injection molding, suitable for laminating materials, adhesives, all the polysulfone with silanes, such as PSU-SR, PKXR, etc. can be used as an adhesive for the sizing of glass fibers and graphite fibers to make composite materials, graphite fabrics reinforced with silanes with the PSU, can be made to elevate the rudder and other aircraft parts. PSU in addition to the solid lubricant PTFE, can increase wear resistance and physical and mechanical properties, but also used in the preparation of wear-resistant coatings; in addition, PSU can also be manufactured in a variety of chemical processing equipment (such as the pump housing, tower outside the protective layer, etc.), food processing equipment, pollution control equipment, dairy processing equipment, and engineering, construction, chemical piping and so on.
PSU development and utilization prospects: PSU is mainly used for electronic and electrical aspects. Electronics, electrical to small, lightweight, high-temperature resistant direction, promoting the growth of PSU consumption. In the automobile, aerospace, medical, health PSU demand is still maintaining a steady growth momentum. The United States in 1997, the consumption of sulfone resin nearly 1330 tons, the vast majority of PSU, the annual demand growth rate of 8% to 10%, the distribution of its consumption of electronics, electrical accounted for 35%, food, daily necessities accounted for 25%, automotive, aerospace, etc. accounted for 15%, medical accounted for 12%, industrial accounted for 4%, and others accounted for 9%; Western Europe in 1997, the consumption of 2500 tons of PSU, and its distribution of the use of electronics, Electrical accounted for 46%, automotive, aviation accounted for 28%, medical equipment accounted for 10%, industrial accounted for 10%, other accounted for 6%. Western Europe's annual consumption of PSU growth rate of 14% to 17%, to 2000, the demand for up to nearly 4,000 tons; Japan's 1997 PSU consumption of 950 tons, the average annual growth rate of 7% to 8%, to 2000, the demand will reach about 1,200 tons. Japan in the field of optical applications within the lens production, PSU has replaced PMMA and PC, these optical sensors can be used in automatic controllers within the market scale has been formed. In addition, in the application of the insurance box, also consumed 100 tons of PSU resin. At present, China's PSU production capacity is less than 700 tons / year, the output of about 400 tons / year, manufacturers are mainly Shanghai Shuguang Chemical Factory (300 tons / year), Dalian First Plastics Factory (200 tons / year) and Jilin University (200 tons / year), etc., most of which are in the pilot production scale, the output is difficult to meet the needs of the domestic market, but also need to rely on imports to make up for it; in addition to the products in the quality of the same as overseas In addition, there is a big gap between the quality of the products and that of foreign countries. Domestic applications in the food, health, medical and other fields of development work is only in the initial stage, modified alloy products are still to be further developed. Therefore, the development of polysulfone products will be promising, the development and utilization of broad prospects.
Polysulfone (PSF) Introduction
Polysulfone is a molecule containing links in the main chain of thermoplastic resins, the English name Polysalfone (referred to as PSF or PSU) has a common bisphenol A-type PSF (that is, usually referred to as PSF), polyarylsulfone and polyethersulfone two kinds.
PSF is slightly amber amorphous transparent or semi-transparent polymer, excellent mechanical properties, rigidity, wear-resistant, high-strength, even at high temperatures, but also maintains excellent mechanical properties are its outstanding advantages, the range of its -100 ~ 150 ℃, the long-term use of the temperature of 160 ℃, the short-term use of the temperature of 190 ℃, high thermal stability, hydrolysis resistance, dimensional stability, molding, shrinkage is small, nontoxic, resistant to water. Shrinkage is small, non-toxic, radiation resistant, flame retardant, quenched. Excellent electrical properties in a wide range of temperatures and frequencies. Good chemical stability, in addition to concentrated nitric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, halogenated hydrocarbons, can resist general acids, alkalis, salts, in ketone, ester swelling. Poor UV and weather resistance. Poor fatigue strength is the main drawback.
PSF molding should be pre-dried to moisture content of less than 0.05%. PSF can be injection molding, molding, extrusion, thermoforming, blow molding and other molding processes, melt viscosity is high, the control of viscosity is the key to the process, the processing should be heat-treated after processing, to eliminate internal stresses.
PSF can be made into precision size products. Mainly used in electrical and electronic, food and daily necessities, automotive, aviation, medical and general industry and other sectors, the production of a variety of contactors, connectors, transformer insulation, silicon cap, insulating bushings, coil skeleton, terminals, printed circuit boards, bushings, covers, TV system parts, capacitor film, brush holders, alkaline battery box, wire and cable wrapping.
PSF can also be used to make shield components, electric gears, battery covers, aircraft interior and exterior parts, spacecraft exterior shields, camera gear plates, lamp parts, sensors. Instead of glass and stainless steel to make steam trays, coffee containers, microwave cookers, milk containers, milking parts, beverage and food dispensers. Health and medical equipment, surgical trays, nebulizers, humidifiers, dental instruments, flow controllers, grooving and laboratory equipment, can also be used for dental veneers, high bonding strength, but also for chemical equipment (pump covers, tower outer protective layer, acid-resistant nozzles, piping, valves and containers), food processing equipment, dairy processing equipment, environmental protection and control of infectious diseases equipment.
Polysulfone (PASF) and polyethersulfone (PES) heat resistance is better, at high temperatures still maintain excellent mechanical properties.
Polysulfone - the new century's plastic star 2003-2-27
Polysulfone (PSF) because of excellent physical and mechanical and thermal properties, high-temperature creep resistance, hydrolysis resistance, non-toxic, good electrical insulation and ultraviolet resistance, and its lightweight products, low cost, not only to replace a variety of plastics, but also to replace the metal, can be used for injection, extrusion, It can be processed by injection, extrusion, molding and other common methods, and has been widely used in the fields of electronics, machinery, instrumentation, medical equipment, aviation, automotive and other fields, and maintains a steady growth momentum.
Electrical and electronic field: electrical and electronic is currently a large consumer of PSF, electrical and electronic to small, lightweight, high-temperature direction, promoting the growth of PSF consumption. PSF can be used to make a variety of contactors, contact parts, transformer insulation, silicon cap, insulating bushings, coil skeleton, terminals and electrical rings and other electrical parts, printed circuit boards, bushings, covers, film and television system parts, capacitor film, brush holders, and so on. Capacitor film, brush holders, alkaline battery cases, etc.
Automotive and aerospace fields: In the aerospace and automotive manufacturing fields, PSF is used to make shield components, electric gears, battery covers, detonators, electronic ignition device components, lamp parts, aircraft interior and aircraft exterior parts, and spacecraft exterior shields. In addition, PSF can also be used to make illuminator flaps, electrical drives, and sensors. Worldwide, the demand for polysulfone polymers used to make nacelle components is growing, mainly due to the fact that these polymers release less heat when burned, produce less smoke, and diffuse less toxic gases, which fully meets the requirements for safe use.
Cookware, food processing machinery: PSF for the U.S. FDA confirmed non-toxic products, can be made into repeated contact with food utensils. PSF as a transparent new material, heat water resistance, hydrolytic stability is better than other thermoplastics, can replace the glass and stainless steel products, and can achieve the required performance standards.
In the kitchenware market, PSF products include steam dinner plates, coffee holders, microwave cookers, milk and produce holders, egg stoves and milking parts, beverage and food dispensers. In terms of food packaging, PSF can be used in a variety of containers for utensils, utilizing its good microwave permeability to create microwaveable utensils. In addition, PSF can also be used as a connecting tube, the tube's outer layer of high strength, the inner layer of chemical resistance, lighter than the steel tube and transparent, easy to pro-control, commonly used in the food industry and the production of lampshade of the strong light lamp.
In the health, medical field, PSF fully meets the health requirements, can withstand repeated sterilization of steam at 130 ℃, used for health medical equipment can replace stainless steel, aluminum, etc. to reduce costs. PSF can be used to produce medical devices are: surgical trays, nebulizers, humidifiers, contact lens fixture, flow controllers, instrument covers, dental instruments, pacemakers, respirators and so on. Medical products made of PSF than the low cost of glass products, and is not easy to break, so it is used for instrument housings, dental instruments, heart valve box, blade cleaning system, soft contact lens molding box, micro-filter, dialysis membranes and so on. Can also be used for dental veneers, its strength is twice as high as polyacrylate.
Daily necessities applications: daily necessities made of PSF are mainly heat and hydrolysis resistant products, humidifiers, steam irons, camera cases, projector components.
Adhesives, coatings: all with silane polysulfone can be used as adhesives. Used for sizing glass and graphite fibers to make composite materials. The graphite fabric reinforced PSF with silane can be used to make elevator and other aircraft parts.PSF and solid lubricant PTFE can be used to make abrasion-resistant coatings.
Industrial applications PSF can also manufacture a variety of chemical processing equipment, pump covers, tower outer protective layer, food processing equipment, pollution control equipment, dairy processing equipment and engineering, construction, chemical piping.
The U.S. annual demand for PSF growth rate of 8% to 10%, Western Europe, the annual demand for PSF growth rate of 14% to 17%, Japan's annual demand for PSF growth rate of 7% to 8% PSF. Polysulfone in the international market is in short supply, the U.S., Western Europe, Japan are required to import. In the domestic, food, health, medical and other areas of application and development is still in the initial stage, from the development trend, the demand for PSF will continue to grow steadily.
Introduction of polysulfone resins
Polysulfone resins are a class of thermoplastic engineering plastics appeared after the mid-1960s, is a class of the main chain containing sulfone Tsuen and aromatic nuclei of the non-crystalline thermoplastic engineering plastics. According to its chemical structure can be divided into aliphatic polysulfone and aromatic polysulfone. Aliphatic polysulfone is not alkali-resistant, heat-resistant, no practical value, while the aromatic polysulfone in the bisphenol A polysulfone and its modified products - non-bisphenol A polysulfone, as well as polyethersulfone, there is a wider range of uses, is the high molecular weight polysulfone resins have been commercially produced. Bisphenol A polysulfone resin is the United States United Carbon Corporation (UCC) developed in 1965, the trade name of Udel polysuifone; polyarylsulfone is the United States 3M developed in 1967, the trade name of Astrel; polyethersulfone by the United Kingdom Bunemun Company (ICI) developed in 1972, the trade name of Victrex. polysulfone resins Oxygen in the structure have a high degree of *** vibration diaryl sulfone group, sulfur atoms in a fully oxidized state, the sulfone group of high *** vibration so that the polysulfone resins have excellent oxidation resistance and heat resistance, with excellent melt stability, these are high-temperature molding and extrusion molding must have the processing performance.
Polysulfone
Polysulfone (PSF) is a transparent, high-temperature resistant, extremely stable, high-performance thermoplastic engineering plastic. It has amorphous properties, low flammability, little fuming, and maintains good dielectric properties at nearly the glass transition temperature of 374°F. These properties are primarily determined by the diarylsulfone group in the molecular structure of polysulfone. This group has a tendency to absorb electrons from the benzene ring. The sulfone group's para-oxygen atom *** vibrates and produces oxidation resistance. The high **** vibration also strengthens the bonds and causes the group to form a planar structure. Therefore, the polymer has good thermal stability and stiffness at high temperatures. The ether bonds give the molecular chain flexibility and therefore good impact strength. Because the bond connecting the benzene ring has hydrolytic stability, the polymer is not easily hydrolyzed and is resistant to acid and alkali solutions.
Polysulfone (PSF) can be processed by general thermoplastic processing equipment, but needs to be under high temperature conditions. It must be dried before injection, extrusion, and thermoforming.
Polysulfone (PSF) properties:
Polysulfone is resistant to acids, alkalis, and salt solutions as well as to detergents, oils, and alcohols, even at elevated temperatures under pressure. It is not resistant to polar solvents such as ketones, halogenated hydrocarbons, and aromatics.
Polysulfone can be used continuously in 300°F steam. The maximum withstand pressures are 13.8 MPa (static load) and 17.2 MPa (intermittent load) in 180°F water. To maintain long-term transparency and impact resistance, the maximum withstand pressures are 3.5 MPa (static load) and 6.9 MPa (intermittent load) in 180°F water. The lower the water temperature, the higher the withstand pressure: for example, at 72°F, the maximum withstand pressure is 20.7MPa (static load), 24.7MPa (intermittent load). After 10,000 h at 20.7 MPa pressure at room temperature, polysulfone creeps (strains) only 1%. After 1 year at 210°F and 2.07 MPa stress, the total strain was still less than 2%. After long-term use at 300°F, polysulfone's strength and modulus increase by 10%, insulation strength remains 90%, and impact strength remains 70%. The tensile impact strength of polysulfone can be as high as 200 ft.lb/in2 When exposed to high temperatures for the first few months, such as 300°F, an annealing effect occurs that can reduce the performance value by 30% However, these properties were not significant over the two year test period However, these properties remain constant over the two-year test period.
American Underwriters Association laboratories have determined that polysulfone can be used continuously at 320°F. The glass transition temperature (GTR) of polysulfone is the highest in the world. Because it has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 374°F, it can withstand higher temperatures in intermittent use.
Amoco's Udel brand polysulfone has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and is used in the food industry for one or more applications.
Polysulfone has excellent overall electrical properties: high dielectric strength and volume resistivity despite a low dielectric constant and loss factor. And it can remain constant over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies (even microwave frequencies).
Polysulfone can be chemically plated with nickel and copper and has a bond strength of 20 lb/in.
Grades of polysulfone: Polysulfone is available in both clear and opaque grades in both injection molded and extruded grades. There are also special medical grades available that meet the requirements of USP XIX Class VI.
Applications of polysulfone
Polysulfone is widely used in medical equipment components that require sterilization.
Applications for polysulfone in food processing equipment include: steam pans, coffee filters, coffee making equipment, milking equipment, tongs, scraper blades and tubing.
Polysulfone can be used in place of metal in plumbing applications, including valve assemblies and pipe fittings. It offers advantages such as resistance to chlorine and corrosion.
Polysulfone is used in many semi-permeable membranes such as renal dialysis. Reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration, etc.
Electronic and electrical applications include connectors, fuses. battery cases, switches, capacitor membranes, and integrated circuit boards.
In chemical processing equipment applications such as for pumps. Filter plates, tower packing and anti-corrosion tubing.
Molding and processing properties of polysulfone
Polysulfone can be molded by a variety of methods, including injection, extrusion, blow molding, and rotational molding. General-purpose grade, melt flow grade for injection, extrusion molding; high molecular weight models can be used blow molding, extrusion molding. The resin itself is transparent amber in color and can be colored. It can also be compounded with glass fibers, inorganic fillers, carbon fibers, and fluoroplastics.
Polysulfone in the molding process is not sensitive to the shear rate, high viscosity, low molecular orientation in the melt flow, easy to obtain uniform products, easy to adjust the specifications and shape, suitable for extrusion molding processing of shaped products.
1. The mobility of poly ink: in when the shear rate is low, low density polyethylene and polystyrene melt viscosity is higher than polysulfone and polycarbonate. However, as the shear rate increases, due to the flow direction of the orientation of the degree of reduction, LDPE and PS of the melt nucleation decreases sharply, while PC and PSF of the change is not significant. All have low viscosity at high temperatures. In the molding process can be adjusted to the screw barrel and the temperature of the chess to control its fluidity. PSF viscosity - the slope of the temperature curve with the PC, so the extruder, injection machine and die if the same molding equipment with the PC, you can get a better PSF products.
2. Raw material drying: PSF raw materials must be fully dry before molding, otherwise the product surface will appear bubbles, silver phenomenon. General stock of raw materials containing moisture content of about 0.3%, must be dry manipulation to 0.05% or less. The lower corner of the material after crushing, drying can be renewed and utilized.
3. molding process
4. mold: the design of the mold should pay attention to make the melt flow resistance is minimal, the use of high-temperature and high-pressure injection molding should make the shortest material flow. Injection nozzle diameter should be greater than 3mm, when the product size up to 100mm injection nozzle diameter should be greater than 4mm.