20 **0 month 5 to 25, I with the General Office of the State Council "government information management and office construction" training mission to Australia for training and investigation. During the period in Australia, visited the Australian Federal Government Information Management Office, the Federal Government Department of Justice, the Department of Communications and Information Technology, the New South Wales State Government Chief Information Officer Office, the Victorian State Government Chief Information Officer Office, the Department of Civil Affairs and other departments and units, listened to the University of Sydney University of Science and Technology, the University of Canberra and other colleges of the relevant experts of the professional lectures. Through visiting and learning and listening to expert lectures, we have broadened our horizons, expanded our thinking and been inspired. Now will learn the main situation and a few points of inspiration report as follows:
First, the development of Australia's e-government and the main results
Australia's e-government construction with the progress of information technology continues to develop, especially since the 1990s, the Australian government to the information network technology (ict) as the country's economic and social development is an important driving force, vigorously promote the use of information technology, and to promote the development of the country's economic and social development, and to promote the development of the country's economic and social development. The Australian government has taken information network technology (ict) as an important driving force for the country's economic and social development, and has vigorously promoted the application of information network technology in government administration and public **** services, so that the level of e-government application and development has been continuously improved. Australia's e-government construction has gone through three stages:
First, the office automation stage. Starting in the 1980s, with the emergence and popularization of personal computers, Australia's federal government, state governments and local governments began to use information network technology to deal with the internal affairs of the authorities, and to implement office automation and paperlessness. Through this phase of work, the Australian government office from paper documents to electronic documents to achieve the transformation, not only both to strengthen the information technology awareness of the staff of the agency, but also to improve the efficiency of the government office, saving administrative costs.
Second, the government online stage. 1993, Australia launched the national information infrastructure project (nii), aimed at building a networked service-oriented government. 1997, the Australian federal government, the federal government departments before the end of 2001, all suitable for the Internet to carry out the service matters online. In order to provide more convenient and efficient services to the public, the federal government also organized and implemented the "Government Online" project in 2000. Through this phase of work, the Australian federal government departments have successfully accomplished the goal of providing the public with the information and services they need through the Internet, and have won the praise of the public.
Third, the service integration stage. In order to improve the efficiency of government work, close relationship with the public, in the first two phases of work on the basis of 2002, the Australian Federal Government put forward to "better service, better government" as the goal of e-government development strategy, aimed at the integration of the federal, state and local three levels of government and departments of the online services, and to promote the information and services between different levels of government and departments. ****sharing among different levels of government and departments, and providing one-stop services to the public. Through this phase of work, significant progress has been made in the level of information resource integration and information ***sharing, and the level of service to the public has been greatly improved.
After years of development, Australia's e-government construction achievements. The main performance is: First, from an international comparison, Australia's e-government development level among the world's leading ranks, second only to the United States and Canada, the world ranked third. Secondly, the construction of government portals has achieved remarkable results. Australian governments and departments at all levels have built their own websites covering various aspects of economy, society and life, and network links and interconnections have basically been realized among various departments. The Australian Government Portal, which was launched at the beginning of July 2004, has links to more than 700 Australian government agency websites and can link to more than 1 million web pages of government departments. The website provides powerful search functions, and the information and services provided are carefully categorized according to two attributes, namely user groups and topics, so that users can easily find the information they need. The website integrates Australian government information and services at all levels, constituting a one-stop portal with fast delivery, comprehensive content and strong relevance. Third, public satisfaction is high. Up to now, all the federal government's services for the public that are suitable for going online have been carried out through the Internet. According to the latest survey, 39% of Australian adults access the Internet for government information, 64% of adults go online for electronic payments such as tax refunds, and 90% of Internet users have their information and service needs met. Fourthly, economic and social benefits have realized a win-win situation. By promoting the construction of e-government, not only have government management functions been given full play and government credibility significantly improved, but government administrative costs have also been greatly reduced. According to the Chief Information Officer of Victoria Asia, through the application of e-government, the state Department of Agriculture, Infrastructure Development Bureau, Social Services Bureau, Environmental Protection Agency annual savings in office expenses are up to more than 10 million Australian dollars.
Australia's major practices and experiences in e-government construction
Australia has many good practices in the construction of e-government, and has accumulated a lot of experience that we can learn from. Training visits, the deepest impression of the main points are as follows:
(a) the development of a clear idea, the management system and working mechanism is relatively perfect.
The Australian government e-government construction as a long-term strategic task of building a service-oriented government, adhere to the government-led, public-centered, public **** services as the main line, standardization as a technical support for the principle of long-term planning, rational layout, coordinated advancement, small steps. From the federal government to the state governments have formulated visionary development goals and near-term construction planning, government departments according to this goal and planning have developed specific implementation programs. Government departments promote e-government, first from the urgent needs, obvious benefits, easy to implement the project to start, and then promote the application of results. Governments and departments at all levels have also formulated performance assessment systems and unified technical and service standards. In this way, e-government construction at different levels has clear objectives and unified standards, which not only ensures the consistency of policy objectives and results, but also effectively avoids duplication of construction and waste.
In order to ensure the smooth implementation of e-government construction, Australia set up an online services committee (online council), the federal government information management strategy committee (imsc), the federal government chief information officer committee (cioc) and the federal government information management office (agimo), the establishment of a sound e-government construction of strategic management institutions, organization and coordination agencies and offices, providing a strong organizational guarantee for the promotion of national e-government construction. The Online Services Committee is an organization that carries out consulting and coordinating work across federal, state and local governments, with the main task of guaranteeing the coordinated development of national e-government construction. The Information Management Strategy Committee of the federal government is the strategic management organization for national e-government construction, responsible for formulating unified e-government management policies, leading the government's investment, research and development and construction work in the field of information network technology, and providing advice to the cabinet. The Federal Government Information Management Strategy Committee is chaired by the Minister of Finance and Administration, and its members include the top executive heads of 11 federal departments, including the Prime Minister's Cabinet Department, the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. The CIO Council of the Federal Government is the organizing and coordinating body for the construction of e-government, and is mainly responsible for announcing the priority projects determined by the Information Management Strategy Council, guiding the promotion and application of information network technology in government departments, and identifying development strategy issues. The CIO Council reports to the Information Strategy Board. The Information Management Office of the Federal Government is under the leadership of the Chief Information Officer of the Federal Government, and is responsible for putting forward opinions and proposals on the development of e-government and implementing the decisions of the Information Management Strategy Committee. Its specific responsibilities include leading and managing information network technology projects in government departments, managing government online and e-government services related matters, and promoting cooperation in information services, applications and other aspects of government departments.
(ii) Emphasis on infrastructure development and improving Internet penetration.
The Australian government attaches great importance to the construction of e-government infrastructure, and has taken strong measures to promote. First, policy guidance. The federal government issued a "national network bandwidth needs report", the development of industrial investment plans and improve communication conditions in remote areas of the action framework, as well as the implementation of the plan on digital communication, has introduced a series of tax incentives conducive to the development of the information industry (such as tariff reductions and exemptions on imported equipment required by the information industry, etc.). Secondly, increasing investment. Every year, the Australian government arranges a budget to support the construction of e-government, and in 2004, the Australian federal government approved a total budget of 5.3 billion Australian dollars for the information industry science and technology innovation program to support the research and development work of the information industry. The Australian federal government also plans to invest A$1.1 billion in telecommunications infrastructure construction in the next three years, and A$2 billion in improving the level of network coverage in remote rural and aboriginal areas, so as to increase the Internet penetration rate. Thirdly, a market competition mechanism has been introduced to remove the quantitative restrictions on licensed operations and achieve complete open competition. The Australian Communications Corporation (ACC) has also embarked on the process of privatization, with its private stake reaching 49.9% in 1999. Since the opening up of the market, more than 30 companies have entered the Australian telecommunications market. Through the adoption of market mechanism and project tendering, the speed and quality of informationization construction have been improved, and the allocation of information resources has been effectively improved. As a result of the introduction of competition, businesses and citizens have seen a significant reduction in the cost of network communications.
(C) adhere to the people-oriented, to provide convenient and efficient services to the public.
The Australian government regards the public as the government's "customers", and takes people-oriented as the basic concept of e-government construction, and strives to provide convenient and fast services for the public. First, the public demand-oriented design and construction of e-government systems. The Australian Government has established the e-government construction principle of "target-oriented, user-oriented and problem-oriented", and has promptly revised the construction targets for different periods and stages in accordance with market and user needs. At the initial stage of e-government construction, the websites of Australian government departments were mainly designed in accordance with the government's organizational structure and business processes, and there were problems such as too many government websites and complicated contents, which made it time-consuming and laborious for users to obtain information from the Internet. In response to this problem, the Australian government has promptly adjusted the pre-existing government-centered construction principle to the construction principle of facing users and serving the public, and reconstructed the government service process in accordance with users' needs, continuously expanding the service areas to make it more convenient for citizens and enterprises to obtain government online services. Secondly, it actively promotes the construction of government portals. The Australian government integrates website construction for users through the construction of government portals. Through the construction of government portals, the Australian government integrates online information and service content for users, simplifying the process of finding government services and information for the public. Users do not need to understand the government's internal organizational structure and functional division of labor, through a "window" directly access to the required services, greatly saving the public time. According to reports, according to the traditional way of registering a company, it takes 15 working days, while in the online registration takes only 15 minutes; according to the traditional way of tax refund, it takes 14 working days, while in the online application for tax refunds, it takes only 4 working days. In addition to comprehensive portals, Australian governments at all levels have also built a number of specialized portals, which are mainly divided into two categories: user groups and industries. User group websites mainly include enterprise websites, elderly websites, women's websites, youth websites, indigenous people's websites and family websites, etc. Industry websites mainly include agricultural websites, cultural websites, educational websites, employment websites and environmental websites. The effectiveness of the construction of specialized portals is also obvious. Taking the enterprise website as an example, it provides more than 2,900 kinds of government services for enterprises, in addition to information on business start-up, taxation, licensing and law. During the visit, many examples were heard of how the public can easily access information and services through government portals. For example, when an elderly person retires, he or she can obtain information on medical care, insurance and other welfare protection and complete the relevant procedures online; when a child needs to go to school, the parents can also obtain information on the relevant procedures and precautions online. Thirdly, special information services for special groups have been improved. The Australian Government has proposed that all Australian citizens should be able to enjoy the benefits of information technology, and that government services should not be limited to the wealthy elite or a few technology enthusiasts. To this end, the Australian government has set up information service centers for rural, remote and elderly people, and provided special information services for disadvantaged groups such as people with disabilities, such as setting up a special website and developing a system for the blind to read and see.
(D) sound security system, to ensure the security of e-government systems.
The Australian federal government has been working hard to establish a safe and reliable cyberspace as its goal, and to do a good job of security. First, to cultivate safety and security talents and strengthen security awareness. The federal government's Information Management Office, in conjunction with relevant federal government departments, research institutions and related enterprises, has added information security courses to it education and established a certification system for information security professionals. At the same time, a plan covering all types of organizations and all citizens to enhance public awareness of information security has been developed. For enterprises, the focus is on popularizing the concept that information security is closely related to the survival and development of enterprises; for individuals, the focus is on popularizing security laws, security ethics education and safe use of the Internet and other aspects of . knowledge. Second, the development of security laws and regulations. Various departments of the Australian federal government have formulated a series of laws, standards and guidelines related to information security, including the Telecommunications Transmission Act, the Anti-Spam Act, the Digital Protection Act, the Information Security Handbook and so on, so that information security work can be based on the law and follow the rules. Third, increase the investment in the construction of the security system. In its 2002-2003 annual budget, the government proposed to invest 24.9 million Australian dollars in the national information security strategy over the next four years. With the support of national financial resources, a specialized website on security was launched in Australia in December 2003, enabling Australian government agencies to respond more quickly and effectively to information security attacks. Fourthly, a national e-government authentication framework has been built to ensure the interconnection of the security systems of the federal government departments and state governments, and to provide security for the development of one-stop integrated services. Fifth, focusing on the protection of individual privacy (personal information). Personal privacy in Australia involves spatial privacy, territorial privacy, physical privacy, and bodily privacy, and the government has made strict regulations on the collection and use of personal information by government departments through the enactment of laws and regulations.
Three points of inspiration and recommendations
The development of e-government in Australia has its own specific economic, political and social background, and has its own obvious characteristics in terms of institutions, mechanisms, and legal system. Some of the Australian government's policies and measures to promote e-government are continuously summarized and improved in practice, and have a certain reference value for our e-government construction. Insights and suggestions are as follows:
(a) Further clarify the idea of e-government development. Australia's experience is that the construction and development of e-government follow the "public-centered, service-oriented, long-term planning, unified layout, overall promotion, small steps" mode. At present, the Bureau is in the stage of promoting the construction and development of e-government, and should draw on the experience of Australia to deal with the relationship between the immediate and long-term, traditional services and e-services, and the established pattern and future development. In the process of construction, the following problems should be solved: First, focus on unified planning. Drawing on the principle of "target-oriented, user-oriented and problem-oriented" construction, e-government planning and safeguard measures have been formulated to ensure convergence and coordination between plans and to avoid fragmentation and duplication of construction in the development of e-government. Secondly, the integration of information resources should be emphasized. In particular, it is necessary to increase the integration of online information and service content of each unit, promote the ****sharing of information between units, and provide one-stop integrated services to the public. Third, adhere to the government-oriented, user-oriented. In the design of the content highlights the transformation of government functions, fully embodies the concept of service-oriented government and people-oriented, to avoid heavy electronic, light government, heavy hardware, light software, heavy construction, light application of the problem.
(ii) Increase the disclosure of government information. Open government information is important for enhancing the transparency of government work, strengthening administrative supervision, promoting the socialization of government information resources, and promoting e-government. Drawing on the practice of the Australian government in the openness of government information, it is recommended to focus on the following aspects of work: First, improve the Bureau of government information disclosure system and methods to ensure that the disclosure of information to follow the rules and regulations. Secondly, the administrative licenses and administrative approval projects approved by the State Council for the Bureau, as well as non-confidential government information should be released to the public in a timely manner through the Internet website. Third, the construction and improvement of the government portal, as an important channel for the public to provide information and services directly to facilitate the public timely, fast and efficient access to information and services of the Bureau.
(C) do a good job of security, to ensure information and technical security. Do a good job of security, the establishment of a safe and trustworthy environment for the development of e-government is an important part of the construction of e-government, but also a prerequisite for the healthy and sustainable development of e-government. I have always attached great importance to e-government safety and security work, the Bureau leadership has repeatedly made instructions, put forward requirements, I have established a relatively perfect computer network security measures. However, some comrades still have the problem of not paying enough attention in their thinking and work, and some of them do not deal with classified information on the Internet according to the regulations. Therefore, it is recommended that next year, the development of information security management approach to ensure that the Bureau of e-government and information security.
(d) firmly establish the concept of savings, reduce the cost of serving the people. In the construction of e-government, the Australian Government has always emphasized that the development of e-government should be pragmatic, and that the planning and implementation of e-government projects should not be greedy for large, but not excessively ahead of the curve. To this end, the Australian Government has developed a variety of e-government performance assessment tools to help governments at all levels and their departments to assess the demand for e-government services, evaluate the economic and social benefits of online services, and then continuously improve their services. At the same time, the Australian Government attaches great importance to cost control of e-government services, and endeavors to reduce the cost of providing services to and receiving services from the public. The Australian Government has formulated detailed rules on the pricing of government information disclosure, enumerated the circumstances under which fees can be waived in whole or in part, and clarified the annual cost budgets of the staff of government agencies involved in disclosure services, etc., so as to control the cost of government disclosure of information and to save the cost that the public needs to pay for accessing information. There has been no special funding for the construction of information technology in our bureau, and every year, the bureau leaders find ways to transfer from other funds. For this reason, it is more important to adhere to the policy of building and saving, unified planning, unified construction, unified management, especially on the new project to strictly review the gatekeeper, the use of limited funds, and strive to enhance the practicality, improve the service, can not only focus on the form, ignoring the content, resulting in a waste of financial resources, material resources and resources.