1? Hazards of blood-borne diseases and protection
1.1 Hazards of blood-borne diseases
Currently identified more than 20 kinds of blood-borne diseases. Contaminated instruments and other stab wounds, cuts is the hospital laboratory staff
Infection of blood-borne hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), AIDS (AIDS) is the main way.
Needle-stick injuries to laboratory personnel were the second most common, as seen in the article reported by Yucui Zhang [et al.
1.1.1 Hepatitis B (HBV)
China is a high prevalence of HBV, HBV surface antigen carrier rate of 8%-20%, about 130 million people. HBV is the test personnel face the greatest risk of transmission of blood-borne diseases, HBV in the blood can be as high as 108-109 copies / ml. HBV is the main means of transmission is through the blood of the transmission of HBV, virus carriers in the blood of the HBV concentration is very high, when the needle puncture wound, only 0.004 ml of blood with HBV is enough to make the injured person infected with HBV.
1.1.2 Hepatitis C (HCV)
The test personnel in the work of the possibility of HCV infection. HCV in the blood concentration of 102-109 copies/ml, the blood is very high, and the blood is very high. The concentration of HCV in blood is around 102-103 copies/ml. The rate of infection by HCV-contaminated sharps is 1.8%. According to the statistics of Tang Xiaomin et al. from the Epidemic Prevention Team of the Ministry of Health of the General Logistics Department, the HCV infection rate of nurses and inspectors is higher, and the anti-HCV positivity rate is 5.3% (17/318) and 4.9% (3/61), respectively, and 76.7% of HCV infected people are nurses and inspectors who often contact patients' blood specimens.
1.1.3 AIDS
The AIDS epidemic poses a threat of occupational infection to laboratory personnel. HIV concentration in blood is usually 100-104 copies/ml, and the rate of infection from stabbing with HIV-contaminated sharps is 0.3%. The latest information from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in the United States shows that as of the end of 2000, 57 health care workers in the United States have been diagnosed with HIV infection, including 19 laboratory technicians. It has been reported that 15 occupational exposures occurred in Guangdong last year when health care workers were treating and caring for AIDS patients. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control's 1988 recommendations for occupational exposure to HIV, the following will increase the risk of post-exposure infection: visible blood on the device; direct contact of the device with the patient's venous or arterial blood vessels; deep wounds; prolonged unprotected contact with the patient's blood; and late-stage patients or patients with high viral loads. Li Xiulan et al. concluded that invasive medical operations do carry a risk of HIV exposure, and that the risk of occupational exposure for medical personnel working with HIV/AIDS is as high as 31.8%, slightly lower than the 35% reported abroad. The rate of HIV infection after occupational exposure was reported to be 0.33% abroad.
2.1 Protective measures for blood-borne transmitted diseases
Blood-borne transmitted diseases are the main occupational hazards for inspectors. China's Cai Jingyi and other scholars reported that skin injury is the main pathway of occupational exposure of inspectors to HBV, HCV, HIV and other diseases. In the survey of 28 health care workers in the first and third hospitals of the North Medical University, the composition of the type of accidental injuries occurred, needle-stick injuries accounted for the first place, accounting for 71.6% of the number of people surveyed, consistent with the results of the survey in foreign countries. Combining the research data from different countries or regions, the risk of HBV infection for inspectors exposed to contaminated blood due to needlestick or injury is 2%-40%, HCV infection is 3%-10%, and HIV infection is 0.2%-0.5%. Blood-borne HBV, HCV and HIV infections account for the vast majority of testing personnel.
So in the laboratory, the quality of testing equipment and the corresponding performance should meet the corresponding indicators. And all specimens, reagents, the use of all sharp objects that can cause injury, contact with the specimen of the instrumentation, should be considered as a source of infection, in the experiments or in the maintenance should be very careful, should be thoroughly disinfected to avoid infection to people.
Our production of safety cabinets, sterilizers, air clean screen and other equipment in full compliance with the requirements of the Department of Laboratory and other and, product quality and technical support is relatively strong.