Based on the commonness of accidents in life and work, there are mainly the following first aid common sense: key points for calling "120", methods to stop bleeding, first aid methods for cerebral hemorrhage, first aid methods for dyspnea and first aid for epileptic seizures measure.
1. Key points for dialing "120" emergency call
The emergency telephone number in all parts of my country is uniformly stipulated as "120" ("999" can also be dialed in Beijing area)
When dialing "120", you must accurately state the patient's name, gender, age, exact address, and contact number; the time when the patient became ill or injured, the current main symptoms, and the initial first aid measures taken on site; report the patient's most prominent, The most typical manifestations of the disease; what diseases you have had in the past and your medication status; agree on a specific waiting place, which should be iconic and easy to find.
2. Correct hemostasis method
After bleeding, first lift the injured part and clean the contaminated wound with clean water. If the wound bleeds a lot, stop bleeding first and then clean it, and then use Apply sterilized gauze or a clean, breathable, and absorbent dressing to the wound, and press it with your hands for 5-10 minutes. If the bleeding does not stop, go to the hospital in time.
Important reminder: Do not tie the wound as it may cause ischemic necrosis.
3. First aid method for cerebral hemorrhage
If a patient suffers from a sudden cerebral hemorrhage, he should call 120 immediately and take corresponding first aid measures. Let the patient lie on his back on the bed, keep the surrounding environment quiet, do not shake the unconscious person violently, and closely observe indicators such as body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, etc.; tilt the patient's head to one side to prevent secretions or vomitus from blocking the respiratory tract and causing suffocation; if accompanied by If there is fever, ice packs or cold towels can be applied to the patient's forehead to lower the local temperature and help protect the brain.
4. First aid method for dyspnea
Place the patient on a flat ground. If vomitus or secretions appear, remove them in time. Hold the chin and raise the head to open the respiratory tract to the maximum extent; keep Keep the surrounding environment quiet; if the patient has difficulty breathing and is accompanied by pink foamy secretions, it may be acute heart failure. The patient should be kept in a semi-recumbent or sitting position to reduce pulmonary congestion and increase abdominal breathing. If respiratory and cardiac arrest occurs, perform artificial respiration and cardiac resuscitation immediately, and call 120 for emergency treatment.
5. First aid measures for epileptic seizures
Epileptic seizures are sometimes very sudden. When encountering this situation, it is important to protect the airway and prevent aspiration. The patient may bite his lips and tongue. If necessary, consider placing gauze or a tongue depressor between his upper and lower teeth. After the patient's convulsions and spasms have stopped and he has entered a comatose state, place the patient in a side-lying position and turn his head to one side. , pat the patient's back appropriately to allow the saliva and vomit in the patient's mouth to flow out to avoid suffocation. At the same time, the base of the tongue will not easily fall back and block the airway.
However, it should be noted that during an epileptic seizure, do not forcefully press the patient's limbs. Excessive force may cause muscle strain. If epileptic seizures persist, seek medical attention promptly.
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Extended information
1. Misunderstandings about first aid
1. Raise your head when you have a nosebleed< /p>
Correct approach: Sit down, lean forward slightly, open your mouth, and breathe through your mouth; pinch both sides of your nose with your thumb and index finger, and squeeze toward the back of your head for 10 minutes until you feel a little pain. . If the bleeding does not stop, seek medical attention immediately.
2. Apply toothpaste to burns and scalds
Correct approach: rinse the affected area immediately with cold water to inhibit skin damage caused by high temperature and reduce the risk of infection; wrap the affected area with gauze to keep it clean and dry . If blisters appear on the injured area, do not prick it at will. If serious, seek medical attention immediately.
3. Swallowing food due to thorn stuck in the throat
Correct approach: Take out the visible thorn directly with your hands or tweezers; if you cannot see the thorn or the person can no longer speak, you should seek medical treatment in time.
4. Help the old man if he falls down and help him quickly
Correct approach: when a fracture is suspected, keep warm and relieve pain on the spot to prevent shock; if bleeding occurs, hemorrhage should be stopped and fixed immediately; if the spine is suspected When a fracture occurs or the situation is serious, the elderly person should be kept motionless and wait for 120 first aid on the spot.
5. Bandage forcefully when hemostasis
Correct approach: Let the injured person sit or lie down and elevate the injured part; clean the contaminated wound with clean water. If the bleeding is rapid, you should first Stop bleeding; cover the wound with sterile gauze or a clean, breathable, non-sticky, absorbent dressing and press it with your hands for 5-10 minutes.
6. Turn upside down to control the water after drowning
Correct method: lay the drowning person flat, quickly pry open his or her mouth; remove foreign matter in the mouth and nose; raise his or her chin, Because the tongue will fall back after drowning, blocking the airway; if the drowning person stops breathing, artificial respiration should be performed as soon as possible; once the drowning person's heart stops, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately.
2. List of home first aid kits and medicines
Equipping a first aid box at home with some necessary first aid equipment and medicines can help promptly rescue patients with sudden injuries.
The following items can be placed in the first aid box: sterilized gauze, bandages, tapes, absorbent cotton, triangle towels; thermometer, medical tweezers and scissors; for external application, alcohol, violet solution, red solution, iodine solution, and burns can be prepared ointment, antipruritic cooling oil, dampness analgesic ointment, etc.; internal medicines can be configured with antipyretic, analgesic, antidiarrheal, anti-motion sickness, and digestive aid types.
People's Daily Online - Master 6 household first aid tips to prepare for emergencies