Earthquake precursors refer to abnormal phenomena that occur before an earthquake, such as seismic activity, significant changes in the earth's surface, as well as geophysical anomalies such as geomagnetism, geo-electricity, gravity, etc., groundwater levels, water chemistry, and the abnormal behavior of animals.
Ten rules for surviving an earthquake:
1, for your own personal safety and that of your family, please hide under a table or other solid furniture
The big shaking time is about 1 minute. This is the first time you should take care of your own and your family's personal safety. First, take cover under a sturdy table with a low center of gravity, and hold on to the legs of the table. If there is no table to hide under, protect your head with a cushion or something else.
2. Turn off the fire when it shakes, and put out the fire when it breaks out
When there is a big earthquake, there are cases where you can't rely on the fire trucks to put out the fire. Therefore, the efforts of each and every one of us to turn off and extinguish fires are an important factor in minimizing earthquake damage. Make it a habit to turn off the fire even in small earthquakes. It is extremely important for your family members, not to mention your neighbors, to help each other and to put out fires at an early stage so that they do not become a major disaster. In an earthquake, there are three chances to turn off the fire. The first chance is when you sense a small tremor before a big one, and the moment you sense a small tremor, you say to each other, "Earthquake! Turn off the fire!" , turning off heating stoves, gas stoves, etc. that are in use.
3, do not panic to run outdoors
After the earthquake, panic to run outside, broken glass, roof tiles, billboards, etc. fell on the body, is very dangerous. In addition, prefabricated concrete walls and vending machines are also at risk of collapsing, so don't get close to these objects.
4. Open doors and secure exits
The shaking of an earthquake can cause doors and windows to become misaligned, making it impossible to open them, and there have been cases where people have been locked in their houses. Please open the door to secure an exit. Usually, you should think in advance about how to escape in case you are locked in a house, and prepare ladders, ropes, and so on.
5, outdoor occasions, to protect the head, to avoid dangerous places
When the earth shook violently, standing unsteadily, people will have to support, grab what the mentality. Most of the doorposts and walls around you will be the object of support. However, these seem quite strong and solid things, in fact, is dangerous. In the 1987 Miyagi Prefecture Submarine Earthquake, many people were killed or injured when prefabricated concrete walls and doorposts collapsed. Be sure to stay away from prefabricated concrete walls and doorposts. In busy neighborhoods and buildings, the most dangerous thing is falling glass windows and billboards. Protect your head with your hands or a handbag. In addition, you should also pay attention to the vending machine topple over and hurt people.
6. Follow the instructions of the staff at department stores and theaters
The worst thing that can happen in a crowded place such as a department store or underground shopping mall is chaos. Please follow the instructions of the store staff and security personnel. In the case of an earthquake, underground streets are said to be safer. Even if there is a power outage, the emergency lights will come on immediately, so please act calmly. If there is a fire, it will immediately fill with smoke. Evacuate in a lowered position and never smoke. If you are using an elevator, do not use it in the event of an earthquake or fire. In case of an earthquake while riding in an elevator, press all the buttons for each floor on the control panel, and when it stops, leave the elevator quickly and evacuate after confirming that it is safe.
7. Pull over to the side of the road and do not drive in controlled areas
When a major earthquake occurs, it is difficult to drive a car because the tires are deflated and you can't get a grip on the steering wheel. It is important to pay attention and avoid intersections and pull over to the side of the road. To avoid blocking the passage of evacuees and emergency vehicles, give way to the middle of the road. Most of the roads in the center of the city will be closed to traffic. Pay close attention to your car radio and follow the instructions of the police if they are nearby. If it is necessary to evacuate, keep your car windows closed and your car keys in the car, leave the doors unlocked, and work together with local people so as not to get involved in a fire.
8. Be aware of landslides, rockfalls and tsunamis
If you are on the edge of a mountain or on a steep incline, there is a danger of landslides or rockfalls, so you should evacuate quickly to a safe place. At the coast, there is a danger of encountering a tsunami. If you sense an earthquake or tsunami warning, pay attention to your radio or TV and evacuate to a safe place.
9. Evacuate on foot with a minimum of belongings
Evacuate in the event of a fire caused by the earthquake that spreads and threatens your life or personal safety. As a rule, evacuation is conducted on foot by a citizen's disaster prevention organization, a local community, etc., led by a person in charge, a police officer, etc., with a minimum of belongings. You should never evacuate by car or bicycle.
10, do not listen to rumors, do not act rashly
In the event of a major earthquake, people are prone to psychological shaking. To prevent confusion, it is extremely important for everyone to act calmly based on correct information. Get the right information from the radio you have with you. Trust the information you receive directly from the government, the police, the fire department, and other disaster prevention organizations, and do not believe irresponsible rumors or gossip, and do not act rashly.
Expanded information:
Earthquake knowledge:
1. Don't be in a hurry in a big earthquake
Don't be in a hurry in a big earthquake.
Destructive earthquakes from people feel the vibration to the building was destroyed in an average of only 12 seconds, in this short period of time you must not panic, should be based on the environment in which to quickly make choices to protect the safety. If you live in a bungalow, you can quickly run to the door. If you live in a building, do not jump off the building, you should immediately cut off the electric switch, turn off the gas, temporary shelter to the bathroom and other small span of the place, or tables, beds, etc., below the quake, and then quickly evacuate, in order to prevent a strong aftershock.
2, more people first find a hiding place
Schools, stores, theaters and other places where people gather in the event of an earthquake, the most avoid panic, should immediately hide in desks, chairs or solid objects below, to be after the earthquake and then evacuate in an orderly manner. Teachers and other site staff must calmly direct people to avoid the quake on the spot, never lead the chaotic run.
3, away from the danger zone
such as in the street encountered an earthquake, should hand protect head, quickly away from the building, to the center of the street. If you encounter an earthquake in the countryside, pay attention to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, riverbanks and high-voltage lines. Are traveling cars and trains to stop immediately.
4, buried to save energy
If the earthquake was unfortunately buried by the debris, we should try to stay calm and try to save ourselves. If you can't get out of danger, save your strength, try to find water and food, create conditions for survival, and wait patiently for rescuers.
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