He replied: "For lead batteries, since they were invented by the French in the 1850s, they have been widely used in automobiles and other aspects. In view of the poisoning and It is large and easy to recycle, so it was reused earlier. After continuous improvement and improvement, the regeneration process technology of the early 1990s was as follows: disintegrate, release the sulfuric acid and recycle it separately, disintegrate the casing with a crusher, and use After the plastic is selected by the specific gravity method, it is divided into plates,
plate posts, battery slots and covers, etc.
The lead-containing parts except the plastic are broken into small pieces of 60mm. The blocks are divided into 4 categories: a., lead powder; b. lead mud; c. small pieces of lead alloy; d. lead slag.
As for nickel-chromium batteries, they have been invented by Swedes since the end of the 19th century. , promoted the research and development of sealed batteries and put them into practical use in the early 1960s. They are now widely used for multiple charging in fire protection, household appliances, office machines, communication equipment and power tools. Its cells are cylindrical, There are four types: button-shaped, coin-shaped and square. Multiple in-line batteries can also be connected and used in shrinkable resin and molded resin. The main metals of nickel-cadmium batteries are nickel, cadmium and steel. Nickel is an important raw material in steel, electrical appliances, non-ferrous alloys, electroplating, catalysts and alnico electromagnets; cadmium is also a rare metal used in batteries, pigments, plastic stabilizers, electroplating and alloys, and is also an important component of environmental protection laws. Strictly controlled harmful metals, Japan has carried out research and development on the recycling of scrap nickel and cadmium batteries at an early stage. Currently, the mature industries mainly include dry process and wet process.
Most of the above are foreign technologies. , but it is also very suitable for our country’s national conditions.”
“What achievements has our country made in this regard?”
“There should be more, such as the University of Science and Technology Beijing and related scientific research. After more than 20 years of research and development, the unit has developed a new process of "physical sorting and chemical treatment" of used batteries, which is the first in China. Different from the new method of foreign fire treatment, the wet process can fully detoxify used dry batteries. This method can recover 82% of the useful components in waste batteries, of which the total recovery rate of zinc reaches 83.54% and the total recovery rate of manganese dioxide is 81.91%. %, mercury-containing waste residue can be sent to specialized factories for treatment. The new process obtains iron sheets, zinc sheets, copper sheets, copper wall iron wall caps, and mixed intermediate products of manganese dioxide, zinc powder, and graphite through physical sorting of waste batteries, and then through chemical methods. It is purified and the industrial wastewater can be recycled after treatment without causing secondary pollution. The Hebei Province Donghua Xinxin Waste Battery Regeneration Treatment Plant is currently being built in Yixian County. , This will effectively solve the environmental pollution problem of waste batteries in our country.”
When talking about the pollution and prevention of waste batteries, we must talk about citizens’ environmental awareness. I once saw a piece of news: "A Canadian international student returned to China during the holidays. When the customs inspected his luggage, they found that he had brought a large bag of waste batteries. The international student explained that waste batteries cannot be thrown away, and in Shanghai , He couldn't find a place to dispose of the used batteries, so he had to take them back to his hometown for disposal. "Obviously, this international student's idea is actually very simple. First of all, waste batteries must not be thrown away. This must be the result of his long-term education and publicity in the country. Therefore, even if you can’t find a place to dispose of used batteries in Shanghai, you can’t just throw them away. You can only take it back to your hometown. Canada has a vast territory and beautiful environment. Canada has always been ranked first among the most suitable countries to live in. Obviously this is inseparable from Canadians' long-term efforts in environmental protection. But in China? The situation is very different. Based on the questionnaire survey conducted by our group (see the appendix for the content of the questionnaire survey), I made the following diagram: