In the past, most of the equipment use department only manage the second half of the life of the equipment (equipment use period), because the equipment by the infrastructure or technical measures department selection, purchase into the plant, only by the equipment acceptance of the department, began to manage to the end of life. At present, the daily management of equipment, the composition of equipment and equipment use of two phases. Homemade equipment from the beginning of the plan to the equipment assembly test run completed is the composition of the equipment period; the latter stage until the end of the equipment for the use of the period.
Scope of equipment management
Generally referred to as equipment is the tangible fixed assets. Is a broad definition of equipment, it includes all the fixed assets included in the means of labor. In the enterprise management work referred to in the equipment, must meet the following two conditions.
1. is used to directly exploit natural wealth or natural wealth processed into social necessities of labor. For example, the chemical enterprise tower equipment, heat transfer equipment, reaction equipment.
2. In line with the conditions of fixed assets should have. The so-called fixed assets, according to China's Ministry of Finance regulations, generally should have the following two conditions of labor materials can be classified as fixed assets, namely, its period of use in more than one year; the value of the unit in a certain limit above. Labor materials below the limit, such as tools and implements, can only be regarded as low-value consumables and cannot be counted as fixed assets due to the complexity of the varieties and faster consumption. The equipment discussed here refers to meet the conditions of fixed assets, can be directly into the labor object to be processed, so that it is transformed into the expected product equipment, as well as to maintain the normal operation of these equipment and ancillary equipment.
In the study of equipment management, the equipment discussed is not only equipment belonging to fixed assets, but also includes non-fixed asset equipment. For example, a compressor, when it is in the manufacturing, assembly and testing stage is the object of labor of the compressor manufacturing plant, and warehousing to be sold after the compressor is a product, until the use of the unit will be the compressor installation transferred to the production can be counted as fixed assets. But no matter which state are within the scope of equipment management.
Large-scale integrated enterprises, with thousands of kinds of equipment, equipment management work is also a wide range. Mainly production, transportation, laboratory, research and other systems with the equipment. Including process production equipment, such as tower (distillation tower, synthesis tower), furnace (heating furnace, cracking furnace), kettle (reaction kettle, polymerization kettle), machine (compressor, separator), pump (centrifugal pumps, vacuum pumps), etc.; mechanic equipment, such as machine tools (lathe, milling machine, grinder ......); heating and ventilation equipment; power equipment, such as boilers, water supply and drainage devices, transformers, etc.; transportation equipment, such as machine tools (lathe, milling machine, grinder); power equipment, such as boiler, drainage equipment, such as boilers, water supply and drainage devices, transformers, etc.; transportation equipment, such as locomotives, automobiles, bridge cranes, elevators, etc.; conduction equipment, such as pipeline networks, cables, etc.; as well as laboratory and scientific research equipment. In addition there are living equipment, such as living buildings, cooking machinery, medical appliances and so on.
Contents of equipment management
Contents of equipment management, mainly equipment material movement form and equipment value movement form management. Enterprise equipment material movement form of management refers to the equipment selection, purchase, installation, commissioning, acceptance, use, maintenance, repair, renewal, transformation, until the end of life; the enterprise's own equipment also includes equipment research, design, manufacturing and other management of the whole process. Whether homemade or outsourcing equipment, the enterprise is responsible for the second half of the life of the equipment management information feedback to the design and manufacturing departments. At the same time, the manufacturing sector should also be timely to the use of the department to provide a variety of improvement information to achieve the realization of the equipment from scratch to be applied to the production of a lifetime of management.
Enterprise equipment value of the movement form of management refers to the investment decision from the equipment, homemade fees, maintenance costs, repair costs, depreciation, occupancy tax, renewal and transformation of funds to the expenditure, the implementation of the economic management of enterprise equipment, so that the total cost of the equipment life of the most economical. The former is generally called the technical management of equipment, undertaken by the equipment department; the latter is called the economic management of equipment, undertaken by the financial sector. Combine these two forms of management, throughout the whole process of equipment management, that is, comprehensive equipment management. Comprehensive equipment management has the following aspects.
1. Reasonable acquisition of equipment
The acquisition of equipment is mainly based on technologically advanced, economically rational, production feasible principle. Generally should be considered from the following aspects, reasonable acquisition.
①Equipment efficiency. Such as efficacy, stroke, speed and so on.
② from the precision, performance retention, durability of parts, safety and reliability.
③Maintainability.
④Durability.
⑤Energy saving.
⑥Environmental friendliness.
⑦Complete sets.
⑧Flexibility.
2. The correct use of equipment and maintenance
If the installation and commissioning of machinery and equipment, put into production use, machinery and equipment, if used reasonably, can greatly reduce the wear and tear and failure of the equipment, to maintain good working performance and due accuracy. Strict implementation of the relevant rules and regulations to prevent overload, the phenomenon of equipment, so that the whole staff to participate in equipment management.
Equipment in the use of the process, there will be loose, dry friction, abnormal sound, fatigue, etc., should be checked in a timely manner to prevent premature wear and tear of the equipment to ensure that the use of the equipment is in perfect condition, in a good state of technology.
3. Equipment inspection and repair
Equipment inspection is the operation of machinery and equipment, work precision, wear and tear degree of inspection and calibration. Through the repair and replacement of worn, corroded parts, so that the effectiveness of the equipment to be restored. Only through the inspection can determine what kind of repair method to use, and can eliminate hidden dangers in time.
4. Renewal and reconstruction of equipment
Should be done in a planned and focused on the existing equipment for technological transformation and renewal. Including equipment renewal planning and program preparation, financing renewal and transformation of funds, purchase and evaluation of new equipment, rational treatment of old equipment.
5. Safe and economic operation of equipment
To make the safe and economic operation of equipment, it is necessary to strictly implement the operating procedures, strengthen the inspection, to prevent and eliminate the equipment run, risk, drip, leakage, and do a good job of energy saving. For boilers, pressure vessels, pressure piping and explosion-proof equipment, should be strictly in accordance with the relevant provisions issued by the state for use, regular testing and maintenance. Water, gas, electricity, steam production and use, should be developed for various types of consumption quotas, strict economic accounting.
6. Production organization
Reasonable organization of production, according to the operating procedures of the equipment to operate, prohibit illegal operation, in order to prevent damage to equipment and the occurrence of safety accidents.
The main purpose and significance of equipment management
1. The main purpose of equipment management
The main purpose of equipment management is to use technologically advanced and economically reasonable equipment, and take effective measures to ensure that the equipment is operated in a high-efficiency, long-cycle, safe, and economical way, so as to ensure that the enterprise obtains the best economic benefits.
Equipment management is an important part of enterprise management. In the enterprise, equipment management is good, in order to make the enterprise's production order is normal, to achieve high quality, high yield, low consumption, low cost, to prevent all kinds of accidents, improve labor productivity, to ensure safe production.
Strengthening equipment management is conducive to achieving good economic results. For example, the annual output of 300,000 tons of ammonia plant, a compressor failure, will lead to the whole system to interrupt the production, its production loss is very large.
Strengthening equipment management, but also for the old, old equipment and technological innovation and technological transformation, and reasonably good equipment renewal work, accelerate the realization of industrial modernization.
In short, with the development of science and technology, enterprise scale is increasingly large-scale, modernization, machinery and equipment structure, technology is more complex, equipment management is more important. Many developed countries attach great importance to this. Former West Germany in 1976, "Industry Bulletin" in general, for equipment maintenance of the annual financial expenditure, equivalent to about 6% of the original value of the fixed assets of the equipment to 10% or 10% of the enterprise's output. Such as accessories and other funds taken into account, it is estimated that the maintenance expenditure to account for 1/4 of the total expenditure of enterprises, according to the 1978 data, the former Soviet Union each year for the maintenance of equipment for more than 10 billion rubles. Thus it is not difficult to see, in order to do a good job of equipment management, it is necessary to constantly open the brain, looking for better countermeasures to promote the development of equipment management science.
2. The significance of equipment management
Equipment management is the material basis to ensure that the enterprise to carry out production and reproduction, but also the basis of modern production. It marks the degree of national modernization and the level of science and technology. It is very important to ensure that the enterprise to increase production, ensure product quality, the development of varieties, product renewal and cost reduction.
Equipment is an important means of labor for workers to create material wealth for the country, is the country's valuable wealth, is the material and technical basis for modernization. It can be seen that good equipment management is very important. Good equipment management for an enterprise, not only to ensure that the simple reproduction of an indispensable condition, but also to improve the level of production technology and product quality, reduce consumption, protect the environment, ensure safe production, improve economic efficiency, and promote the national economy, sustained, stable and coordinated development of great significance.