What factors should be considered in determining the floor height of each part of the house? Is there any good way? Zhongda Consulting provides an introduction to the factors that should be considered in determining the floor height of each part of the house for your reference.
1. The basis for determining the net height and floor height of the room:
⑴Use characteristics
①Requirements for human activities and furniture and equipment ②Audio-visual requirements
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⑵Lighting and ventilation requirements
⑶The impact of structural height and its layout
⑷The impact of building equipment height
⑸Building economic effects
⑹Indoor space ratio
Generally used floor heights for large-scale civil buildings are: 2.7-2.8m for residential buildings, 2.7-2.8m for dormitories (single-layer beds) and 3.2-3.3m ( Bunk bed); middle school classroom 3.9~4.2m, primary school classroom 3.6~3.9m, office 2.8~3.3m.
⑴Features of use
①Requirements for human activities and furniture and equipment
The clear height of the room has a great relationship with the scale of human activities. In order to ensure normal human activities, Generally speaking, the minimum indoor clear height should be such that no one can touch the ceiling with their raised hands. For this reason, the clear height of the house should not be less than 2.2m. As the number of users in a room increases, the amount of air exchange will increase accordingly, and thus the indoor volume should increase.
②Audio-visual requirements
The rooms with sight requirements are mainly the auditorium of the theater, the competition hall of the gymnasium, and the lecture theaters in the teaching building. In addition to the plane shape and size of this type of room meeting certain sight distance and viewing angle requirements, the ground should have a certain slope to ensure good visual requirements, that is, comfortable and unobstructed viewing of objects.
Room design with high acoustic requirements:
The sound quality requirements of theaters, cinemas, auditoriums and other buildings and halls have a greater impact on the cross-sectional shape of the room. In order to ensure uniform distribution of the indoor sound field and prevent phenomena such as blank areas, echoes and focusing, attention should be paid to the treatment of ceilings, walls and floors during cross-sectional design. In order to ensure that the back row of the audience is not blocked by the front row and to enhance the direct sound, the hall floor must be gradually raised. This acoustic requirement for cinemas, theaters, auditoriums, etc. is consistent with the sight line requirement. Floors designed according to line of sight requirements can generally meet acoustic requirements. In addition, the height and shape of the ceiling are an important guarantee.
(2) Lighting and ventilation requirements
The clear height of the room should meet the requirements for natural lighting and natural ventilation to ensure the necessary sanitary conditions in the room. Theory and practice have proven that when the window area remains unchanged, the higher the height of the upper edge of the side window, the more beneficial it is to the indoor illumination at the far window point. The picture shows the change in indoor illumination when one side is lit. It can be seen from the picture that along the Schematic representation of indoor illumination changes in the depth direction. It can be seen from the figure that the indoor illumination attenuation is very large along the depth direction. Therefore, in order to meet the lighting requirements of the room with a large depth, the height of the upper edge of the window is often increased. At this time, the net height of the room Also increased accordingly. In addition, in order to ensure that the indoor carbon dioxide concentration is below a certain level and ensure necessary sanitary conditions, in some rooms with a large number of users, no air conditioning equipment, and doors and windows often closed, each person should have a certain amount of air. For example, classrooms in primary and secondary schools are 3 to 5 per person, and theaters are 3.5 to 5.5 per person. Based on this, the clear height of the room that meets the health requirements can be determined.
⑶The influence of structural height and its layout
Story height = clear height floor layer
The higher the structural layer, the greater the floor height; the structural layer If the height is small, the floor height will be correspondingly small.
Use different structural forms and occupy different heights of space
1. Plate type;
2. Beam-plate type
3. Space Structure, etc.
⑷Requirements for equipment setting
①Common equipment: lighting fixtures, air conditioning pipes, fire water pipes, etc.;
②Equipment occupied space = equipment size and equipment clearance Equipment installation (maintenance) dimensions;
③Special equipment: auditorium sound and light equipment; stage ceiling equipment; medical lighting and mechanical equipment
⑸Building economic effects
Story height is an important factor affecting the construction cost. Therefore, on the premise of meeting the usage requirements and sanitary requirements, appropriately reducing the floor height can correspondingly reduce the spacing between houses, save land, reduce the weight of the house, and improve the stress of the structure. Save materials. For buildings with ordinary brick-concrete structures, every 100mm reduction in floor height can save investment 1.
⑹Indoor space ratio
When determining the net height of the room, you should also pay attention to the height-to-width ratio of the room to give people a normal sense of space. Generally speaking, the height of a room with a large area should be higher Some, smaller rooms can be appropriately lowered. Different spatial proportions often give people different psychological feelings. A high and narrow space can easily make people feel excited, passionate, and upward, and have a sense of seriousness, but if it is too high, it will make people feel unfriendly; a wide and short space can make people feel quiet, open, and friendly, but if it is too low, it will make people feel uncomfortable. People feel depressed and dull. When designing the net height, changes in spatial proportions should be skillfully used to closely combine material functions with spiritual feelings, thereby achieving ideal artistic effects.
The height of the window sill
The height of the window sill is related to the usage requirements, human scale, furniture size, ventilation requirements, viewing requirements and facade treatment needs. The height of the window sill is often chosen for a large number of civil buildings. 900～1000mm.
For rooms with special requirements, such as bathroom window sills, the window sill can be raised to 1800mm, and nursery buildings often use 600~700mm.
The height difference between indoor and outdoor floors
The height difference between indoor and outdoor buildings is mainly determined by the following factors:
1. Convenient communication between inside and outside; for general building outdoor steps Level ≯ 4, the height difference between inside and outside is controlled within 600mm; ramps should be installed at the entrance of warehouse buildings, and the height difference between indoors and outside is controlled within 300mm.
2. Waterproof and moisture-proof; generally above 300mm.
3. Building settlement and economic requirements;
4. Characteristics of the building.
The indoor and outdoor height difference of large-scale civil buildings is usually 300~600mm, with a minimum of 150mm.
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