Overview:
The tentacles of electrical engineering and automation reach out to all walks of life, from the smallest to the design of a switch, to the research of astronautical aircraft. This professional students can be engaged in electrical engineering related system operation, automatic control, power electronics technology, information processing, test technology, research and development, economic management, and electronic and computer technology applications and other fields of work, is a wide-mouth "composite" senior engineering and technical personnel. The field has a great demand for high-level talent. It is estimated that, with the entry of foreign large enterprises, in this specialized field will appear a large gap, then it is likely to appear the phenomenon of demand exceeds supply.
I, a comprehensive introduction to the profession
Electrical engineering and automation is a new discipline in the field of electrical information, but because of the close relationship with people's daily lives and industrial production, the development is very rapid, and now relatively mature. Has become an important part of the high-tech industry, widely used in industry, agriculture, national defense and other fields, playing an increasingly important role in the national economy.
Control theory and power network theory is the foundation of electrical engineering and automation, power electronics technology, computer technology is its main technical means, but also contains a system analysis, system design, system development and system management and decision-making and other research areas. The specialty also has some characteristics, is the combination of strong and weak electricity, electrical and electronic technology, software and hardware, with the nature of cross-disciplinary, electric power, electronics, control, computer multidisciplinary synthesis, so that graduates have a strong adaptive capacity, is a "wide-breadth" specialties.
Electrical engineering and automation of the majority of candidates have a strong attraction, belong to the popularity of the profession, the college entrance examination admission scores are often much higher than other professional direction, the main reasons for this situation are: ① easy to get a job, a good working environment, high income; ② the name of the good, professional content of the students have an attraction to the public; social publicity and public opinion orientation in its favor. The professional direction has a very good development prospect, the research results are easier to convert to real products, and the benefits are quite considerable. His creative research ideas attract many candidates, and this is indeed a good place to show their talents. But in view of the current form of the country, candidates should pay attention to the following two points when applying for the specialty:
(1) give full consideration to their own interests. Maybe you were not interested in the direction, but many people say good, so they are "interested". This is not good for the future development, after all, interest is the best teacher.
(2) Measure their overall quality. Electrical engineering and automation majors need to have a solid foundation in mathematics and physics, strong foreign language skills, in order to be able to master and flexibly use professional knowledge in the future to prepare. The professional direction of the demand for talent is large, but there are also many people to choose from, if there is no very strong overall quality, it is difficult to stand out from the crowd and achieve outstanding results. Perhaps this is unacceptable to many candidates with great ambitions.
Of course, whether the two points mentioned here are feasible is also related to the students' personal pursuits, if a person's pursuit is limited to a better job, the program is indeed a good choice. But if you want to make a breakthrough contribution to science and technology innovation, you have to build on your personal strengths and hard work, and the pies are never going to fall from the sky for no reason.
The employment situation is very good due to the wide research scope of this specialty, good application prospects, and the relatively high professionalism of the graduates. Our country is now in great need of talents in this professional direction, as small as a family, as large as the whole society, are inseparable from the work of these professionals. Usually, after graduation, students can choose state-owned quality and technical supervision departments, research institutes, industrial and mining enterprises, etc.; can also be some foreign capital, private enterprises, the treatment is of course considerable. If students are capable enough and have accumulated better research results during their study, they can completely start their own business and break into a sky of their own. It should be noted that, because foreign research in this professional direction to lead us, so if you want to have further development, to establish themselves in the domestic leading position in this direction, go abroad for further study is a good choice.
Electrical engineering and automation code: 080601.
Second, the development of professional education
Electrical engineering and automation is a combination of science, engineering and literature, mechanical engineering, art and computer design in one of the new cross-disciplinary specialties. The main disciplines include electrical engineering, computer science and technology, control science and engineering.
This specialty arose in the 70's, first of all in the United Kingdom, Oxford University, the first realization of the control mode of direct current, when the driving voltage of the actuating element is DC, the control voltage is also DC, the automation system works in a very simple, rough, and the precision is also very low. However, the control method of DC is well known due to its long history, and naturally people thought of using DC to control AC actuators. With the emergence and maturity of transistors, high-power transistors, field effect tubes and other high-power electronic devices, as well as the establishment of the theory of the field, based on modern mathematics, matrix algebra as the theoretical basis for the control system of weak and strong power electronic technology and automation to reach a new level of history. So far, this specialty has been widely developed, Japan, the United States, Britain and other countries have set up the University of this specialty, the results in this period is not a lot, such as the completion of numerical control machine tools, workshop plant automation control work has been a new subject. Electronic technology and automation, the organic combination of computers, electronic engineering and automation to give the profession to a new connotation. Unmanipulated, simplified system, the pattern is reasonable, plug-and-play type of product has become the new favorite.
In the early years of the founding of the country (1949-1966), many universities in China set up this specialty, the main practical teaching links include circuit and electronic technology experiments, electronic process internships, gold internship course design, production internships, graduation design, and for the country to train a lot of talent in this area. They have become experts and scholars in this industry, distributed in many provinces and cities in China, and become the backbone.
"Cultural Revolution" period, due to political influence, the country's institutions of higher learning stop enrollment one after another, the program has been greatly affected, first of all, the teacher was criticized, and then the school simply can not go on, can only stop enrollment. However, even so, many teachers did not stop researching. They know that electronic engineering and automation plays an important role in the modernization of our country, and therefore, did not give up the research and exploration of the profession during this period.
After the reform and opening up, under the correct leadership of the Party Central Committee, universities resumed the enrollment, and this specialty also developed, and many universities set up this specialty and enrolled students one after another, cultivating a large number of high-level composite talents for the country every year, including bachelor's degree, doctoral degree and other high-level intellectuals, especially at present, when the various specialties are expanding, and the enrollment of this specialty is also on the rise. Although our country's development in this area has not yet stood at the forefront of the world, but with the improvement of China's comprehensive national strength and the increase of foreign contacts, we have gradually narrowed the gap with the developed countries. The representative ones are: the successful development of 300 billion times per second computer; the mastery of nanotechnology; and the application of analog technology. A question that cannot be ignored is in front of us: how to meet the challenges of the new technological revolution? After the teachers of the program and students of the *** with the efforts of the electronic engineering and automation to expand the program, divided into "power system and its automation" and "electronic information engineering", covering the original "insulation technology", "electrical engineering", "insulation technology", "electrical engineering", "electrical engineering", "electrical engineering", "electrical engineering", "electrical engineering", "electrical engineering" and "electrical engineering". ", "electrical insulation and cable", "electrical appliances and their control", "electrical engineering and automation", "Applied Electronics Technology" and "Light Source and Lighting" and several other professional directions. There are several specialized directions such as "High Voltage and Insulation Technology", "Electrical Machines and Appliances", "Power Electronics and Power Transmission", "Theory and New Technology of Electrotechnology The doctoral degree program "High Voltage and Insulation Technology", "Electrical Machines and Appliances", "Power Electronics and Power Transmission" and "Theory and New Technology of Electrotechnics". Based on industrial product design, the program applies computer modeling, design and optimization of structure, performance, processing and shape of industrial products. The program cultivates advanced and complex technical talents with solid scientific and technological foundation as well as artistic and creative ability to meet the urgent needs of the society. This major focuses on training students in foreign languages, computer applications, product modeling, design and other practical work ability, to realize the overall intelligence of graphic design, three-dimensional design and other product design. Graduates of the program can be engaged in teaching, scientific research, production, development and management of industrial product modeling design, computer application, visual communication design, environmental design, advertising creativity, corporate image planning and other industries. The program encompasses courses such as Principles of Electric Circuits, Fundamentals of Electronic Technology, Electrical Machines, Power Electronics Technology, Electric Power Drag and Control, Computer Technology (Language, Software Fundamentals, Hardware Fundamentals, Microcontrollers, etc.), Signals and Systems, Control Theory, and so on. The senior year also takes flexible, adaptable and wide-coverage specialized courses and specialized elective courses according to the needs of the society. It also conducts experiments in electrical machinery and control, electronic engineering systems, and power electronics.
China has been in CIMS, automatic control, robotics products, special integrated circuits and so on has made great progress. For example: "based on the microcomputer environment of the integrated CAPP application framework and development platform" developed a process knowledge base as the core, based on the interactive design mode of the integrated intelligent CAPP development platform and application framework (CAPPFramework), the launch of the gold leaf CAPP, with the CAPP, etc. series of products. It supports process knowledge modeling and dynamic knowledge acquisition, design and information management of all kinds of processes, product process information **** enjoyment, support for feature-based creation into process decision-making and other functions, and provides process knowledge base management, process card format definition and other application support tools and secondary development tools. The system is open and easy to expand and maintain. Products have been in the country's enterprises, especially the CIMS demonstration project enterprises, to promote the application, but also developed automatic control devices and series of products, infrared photoelectric safety protection devices, high-power, high-quality switching power supply development. Robot products include mobile gantry type automatic spraying machine, electric spraying robot, flexible profiling automatic spraying machine, reciprocating spraying machine, automatic gluing robot, frame robot, handling robot, arc welding robot development. The development and application of these products is still only a side of electronic engineering and automation in the production, not enough to reflect its full picture. Under the impact of foreign advanced technology, a new round of technological reorganization from all aspects. The situation is grim, but also full of opportunities.
Broad prospects for electronic information engineering
Electronic information engineering is an application of modern technology such as computers, electronic information control and information processing disciplines, the main study of information acquisition and processing, electronic equipment and information systems design, development, application and integration. Nowadays, electronic information engineering has covered many aspects of society, like how to deal with all kinds of telephone signals in the telephone exchange bureau, how the cell phone transmits our voices and even images, how the network around us transmits the data, and even how to keep the confidentiality in the information transmission of the army in the informationization era, etc. All of them have to involve in the application of the technology of electronic information engineering. We can recognize these things through the study of some of the basics and be able to apply more advanced technology for the research and development of new products.
The major of electronic information engineering is mainly to learn the knowledge of basic circuits and to master the method of processing information with computers and so on. First of all, we must have a solid knowledge of mathematics, the requirements of physics is also very high, and is mainly electrical; to learn a lot of knowledge of circuits, electronics, signals and systems, computer control principles, communication principles and other basic courses. Learning electronic information engineering own hands-on design, connecting some circuits and experiments combined with the computer, hands-on and the use of tools is also a relatively high demand. For example, you can connect the sensor circuits by yourself, set up a small communication system with a computer, visit the electronic and information processing equipment of some large companies, understand how cell phone signals and cable TV are transmitted, etc., and have the opportunity to participate in the design of large-scale projects under the guidance of the teacher. Learning electronic information engineering, to like to drill thinking, good at brainstorming to find problems.
With the deepening of social informatization, most of the industries need electronic information engineering professionals, and the salary is very high. After graduation, students can be engaged in the design of electronic equipment and information systems, application development and technical management. For example, to be an electronic engineer, design and development of some electronic and communication devices; to be a software engineer, design and development of various software related to hardware; to be a project manager, planning some large systems, which requires a high level of experience and knowledge; you can also continue to further study to become a teacher, engaged in scientific research work and so on.
Setting up this specialty of the university is very much, Tsinghua University's Department of Electronic Engineering has this specialty, and the implementation of the six-year plan years of undergraduate - master's degree coordinated training program. Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications is also the main training of this type of talent. General science and technology colleges and comprehensive universities have set up the specialty, are very popular, the admission score line is relatively high compared to other professions