Did you know? There is not only competition for survival among animals, but also reciprocal assistance.
The honey badger (huān) and the honeyguide bird are a good pair of partners, and they often cooperate with each other to **** together to destroy bee nests. Wild bees often build their nests high up in trees, where the honey badger can't easily find them. When the honeyguard spots the nest in the tree, it goes in search of the honey badger. In order to attract the attention of the honey badger, the honey guide bird often flaps its wings, makes special movements, and makes a "tada" sound. When the honey badger gets the signal, it rushes to the tree, bites the hive, drives away the wild bees, and eats the honey. The honeyguide stands by and waits for the honey badger to have a good meal before going off to enjoy the beeswax in the hive on its own.
The anemone shrimp and the red sea anemone also work well together. The anemone shrimp's two large chelae (áo) each hold a red anemone, and they wander around all day. Once in danger, the anemone shrimp immediately lifted the red anemone, the red anemone will use poisonous tentacles to deal with offenders. In this way, the anemone shrimp can forage for food without worrying about its safety, while the red anemone only needs to collect the leftovers of the anemone shrimp to fill its stomach.
The crocodile and the bird are even more interesting in their reciprocal benefits. Not only do the birds look for bugs to eat on the ferocious crocodiles, but they also enter the mouths of the crocodiles and peck at the remaining fish, mussel, frog scraps and parasitic water bugs, helping to clean the mouths of the crocodiles. Sometimes the crocodile closes its big mouth and the thousand birds are shut in. You don't have to worry about Chidori, however; if Chidori gently strikes the crocodile's upper and lower jaws with its beak, the crocodile opens its big mouth and lets Chidori fly out.
Marx and Engels
The friendship between Marx and Engels, two giants of the revolution, is unmatched by any friendship in the world. Marx had great admiration for Engels' talents and said that he always walked in Engels' footsteps. Engels, on the other hand, always thought that Marx was more talented than he was, and that Marx was the first fiddler and he was the second fiddler in their ****ing cause. The writing and publication of the classic work "Das Kapital" was the crystallization of their great friendship.
After the failure of the Revolution in 1848, Engels had to return to his Manchester business office and engage in business activities. This made Engels very chagrined, he had more than once referred to it as "damn business". And more than once he resolved to get rid of these things forever, to do his favorite political activities and scientific research. However, when Engels thought that Marx's family, who were forced to live in exile in London, England, often lived in poverty on bread and potatoes, he put aside the idea of abandoning the business, gritted his teeth, persevered, and succeeded. This was done so that Marx could be helped materially and thus his friend, and the best thinker of the ****anist movement, could be preserved, and so that Das Kapital could be written and published at an early date.
So every month, and sometimes every week, a money order for one, two, five or ten pounds was sent from Manchester to London.
In 1864, Engels became a partner in the Manchester firm of Ogden-Engels and began to assist Marx vigorously. A few years later, after selling his partnership interest in the firm, he gifted Marx ￡350 a year. Together, these sums added up to considerably more than Engels' household expenses.
From Marx's point of view, it was also in order to provide effective guidance to the newly emerging scientific socialism, and in order to expose the fundamental flaws of capitalism, that he accepted this kind of help from Engels.
Marx and Engels were close friends, and all that they had, be it money or learning, was indistinguishable.
Though they were separated for 20 years, their intellectual ****ing life together did not end. They had to correspond daily, talking about political and scientific issues. At one time, Marx regarded reading Engels' letters as the most pleasant thing. He often took the letters and talked to himself as if he were conversing with Engels.
"Well, no, that's not the case anyway ......"
"In that you're right!"
Marx actually burst into tears of joy as he spoke.
Marx and Engels respected each other so much that, in their view, no criticism of their ideas and writings was as significant as the exchange of views they had with each other. So, at every opportunity, Engels got out of business and ran back to London. They met every day, either in this house or in that. When discussing problems, they walked around the house, each along a diagonal, for hours on end. Sometimes the two paced one after the other, half without saying a word, until they came to an agreement. Then the two men let loose with laughter.
August 16, 1867, was a memorable day. At two o'clock in the morning on that day, Marx reported to his comrades that the proofreading of all the printed sheets (one ****49 sheets) of the first volume of Capital, was finished. He was so excited that he wrote to Engels:
"It is only thanks to you that this volume can be completed! I could not have completed such a large work in three volumes without the sacrifices you made for me, and I embrace you with gratitude!"
The publication of Das Kapital in Hamburg, Germany, on September 14, 1867, was an event of great significance for the entire international workers' movement, and the culmination of the friendship of two giants.
This friendship of understanding was so deep that it continued even after Marx's death.
Marx told his daughter Irena during his illness that he hoped Engels would "do something" for his unpublished volumes II and III of Capital. Of course, Engels would have done it even if Marx had not made such a request.
From the time of Marx's death in 1883, Engels put aside his own work for a full decade to do his best to organize and publish the manuscripts of the last two volumes of Das Kapital, adding much material and rewriting some chapters, so that Das Kapital could come out in 1885 and 1894.
Outstanding example of collaborative spirit
In 1945, the Royal Swedish Academy of Medicine decided to award that year's Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine to the trio of F(fú)lori, Fle(lái)ming, and Chinn. The award speech called the discovery of penicillin "the most valuable contribution in the history of modern medicine" and emphasized, in particular, that it was "an outstanding example of the collaboration of different scientific methods for the *** same goal."
Before the 1930s, humans suffered from germs on a regular basis. Many people died, often untreated, as a result of germ infections. However, doctors at the time knew little about these germs and were helpless in the face of disease, only to watch their patients make a dying effort.
British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming of St. Mary's Medical School, University of London, hopes to *save* his own science. Fleming hopes to change that with his scientific research. In the summer of 1928, Fleming discovered that the secretions of a green mold were effective in killing the vicious staphylococcus bacteria. He called this green mold Penicillium and named its secretion penicillin.
At a party, Fleming told a bigwig in England about his discovery. The big man kindly suggested, "Fleming, here's your chance to get rich. Imagine how useful this penicillin will be in medicine in the future. You hurry up and apply for a patent to make penicillin, and from now on, you and your family will never have to worry about making a living like you do now."
At the time, Fleming's family was very tired and still needed help from relatives from time to time, so the big man's advice also made Fleming's heart beat. But after some consideration, he declined the offer. In a letter to the big man, he wrote: "To jeopardize, consciously or unconsciously, the lives of countless people for the glory of myself and my family, I cannot bear to do so."
Fleming knew that to refine penicillin, which was present in very small quantities in the filtrate, and to make it into a clinically usable drug, he alone could not do it, and that it would require the ****same efforts of many, many scientists. Therefore, he did not hesitate to publicize his discovery in the Royal Quarterly Journal of Experimental Pathology, and called for more scientists to participate in this research work.
British pathologist Huo (huò) Ward? Walter? Flory has also been conducting research on natural antibacterial substances. He has traditionally advocated the need for close cooperation between scholars from different disciplines. After Fleming's discovery was announced, Flory decided to work with the talented German biochemist Chane to **** together on a systematic study of penicillin.
Starting in 1939, a group of enthusiastic scientists volunteered to form an experimental attack group under Flory's chairmanship. Bacteriologists Gardner and Sanders were in charge of penicillin culture, and Chinn was responsible for extracting penicillin from the filtrate. Sanders also worked out a simple method that could determine the amount of penicillin. The amount of penicillin in the culture solution was extremely small, and several tons of filtrate had to be processed to get a little bit of penicillin. Scientists have to scrub hundreds of large glass bottles every day, cultivate more than ten tons of culture solution, but also inoculation, separation, drying ...... work is very hard. But the scientists do not think bitter, because they know, once developed penicillin preparation, will bring the gospel to the whole human society.
In 1940, Flory and other finally got the initial penicillin products, its bactericidal ability unprecedentedly strong. This coincided with the admission of a severely infected patient to a nearby hospital, who was already delirious when he was admitted. Although the doctors did their best to resuscitate the patient and used a large number of drugs, they were still unable to achieve any results. Flori injected penicillin solution slowly into the patient's vein, the patient soon came to his senses, and his body temperature gradually returned to normal. Afterwards, they used penicillin products to treat a number of staphylococcal infections, the results of the patients are quickly recovered.
However, the penicillin extracted from Penicillium is too little to meet the medical needs. In order to find high-yield strains, to solve the problem of penicillin content is too small, Flory and others around, from all over the soil, garbage piles and moldy food in the isolation of several hundred kinds of mold specimens, one by one to study, compare. Kung Fu, they found a high yield of excellent strains of mold on the watermelon rind in the dumpster, which multiplied the production of penicillin. At the same time, they further researched and improved the refining method, and constantly improved the purity of penicillin products, so that it can become a clinical drug.
The mass production and wide application of penicillin made many malignant diseases no longer rampant (chāng), and countless patients facing the threat of death were saved, especially during the Second World War, penicillin cured thousands of wounded and sick people. People unanimously call penicillin and the atomic bomb and radar the three major inventions discovered in the Second World War.
The Power of Unity
In ancient times, there was a farmer who total*** had eight sons. These boys were always fighting and arguing since they were young, giving their father a lot of trouble. Day by day, the farmer is getting older and older, the sons are growing bigger and bigger, but this quarrelsome temperament did not see a change for the better, the old father worried about this day and night.
So one day, the farmer went to the most learned elder in the village, hoping that he could help think of a good way to make these sons understand how stupid they were.
The Elder told the farmer to call all his sons together, then took out eight chopsticks, and one by one, handed each of them a chopstick, saying, "Break the chopsticks as hard as you can."
"Do you still need to make a strong effort to break such thin chopsticks? Haha, that's ridiculous!" The boys said mockingly. Sure enough they broke the chopsticks in their hands with a little force.
Then the Elder took out eight more chopsticks, tied them tightly together with a string, and said, "So now what, which of you can break this bundle of chopsticks?"
The oldest son took the chopsticks first, and pressed hard with both hands, his face reddening, but the bundle of chopsticks was still in good shape, not even bent. The other boys tried, but no one was able to break the chopsticks.
The farmer looked gratefully at the Elder and said to his sons, "Boys, can you realize the significance of this? You quarrel all day long, each of you thinking only of yourselves, like a thin chopstick that can easily be broken. And if thin chopsticks united together have so much power, how much more so are you eight strong people?"
These words made the boys finally understand the power of unity and realize how much their past behavior had bothered their father. They softly apologized to each other and intimately assisted their old father home.
The power of cooperation