ASTM is the abbreviation of American Society for Testing and Materials. Technology Association was founded in 1898, and last year was its100th anniversary.
The predecessor of ASTM is International Association for Testing Materials (IATM). 1In the 1980s, in order to solve the opinions and differences between buyers and sellers in the process of purchasing and selling industrial materials, a technical committee system was proposed, and the technical committee organized representatives from all walks of life to participate in technical forums to discuss and solve controversial issues such as material specifications and test procedures. The first meeting of IATM was held in Europe on 1882, at which a working committee was established. At that time, it was mainly to study the test methods to solve materials such as steel. At the same time, the International Association for Testing Materials also encourages countries to organize chapters. Subsequently, in June, 1898,16,70 IATM members gathered in Philadelphia, USA, and held a meeting to establish the American branch of the International Association for Testing Materials. 1902, at the fifth annual meeting of the branch of the International Association for Testing Materials, the American branch officially declared its independence and named it the American Society for Testing Materials. With the continuous expansion and development of its business scope, the work center of the society is not only to study and formulate material specifications and test method standards, but also to include the characteristics and performance standards of various materials, products, systems and services, as well as test methods, procedures and other standards. 196 1 year, the organization changed its name to American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), and it continues to this day.
2 organization
ASTM is one of the oldest and largest non-profit standard academic organizations in America. After a century of development, ASTM has 33,669 members (individuals and groups), of which 22,396 main committee members are technical experts of its committees. There are 2004 technical subcommittees under the ASTM Technical Committee. There are 1058 17 units involved in the formulation of ASTM standards. The main task is to formulate characteristics and performance standards, test methods and procedure standards in the fields of materials, products, systems and services, and promote the development and popularization of relevant knowledge.
3 Standards and other publications
The system of voluntary agreement has always been adopted in standard setting. The technical committee is responsible for the standard system, which is drafted by the standard working group. After voting by the Technical Subcommittee and the Technical Committee, the consensus of most members was adopted, and after voting by most members, the standard was approved and published as a formal standard. In the process of compiling standards, every member and any enthusiastic group interested in compiling have the right to fully express their opinions, and the Committee will study and deal with the opinions put forward in order to absorb correct opinions and suggestions from all sides.
According to the publication of ASTM, in 1997, ASTM formulated 350 new standards, revised 1698 standards and carried out 268 1 standardization activities. It can be seen from these figures that the activities are frequent and fruitful. The ASTM standard is now divided into 15 parts, and each part contains a different volume. The standard volume is published, with a total of 73 volumes, published in the form of ASTM standard yearbook. 1999 standard yearbook classification, each volume and standard number are as follows:
The first steel product
Non-ferrous metals of the second kind
Test methods and analysis procedures for the third kind of metallic materials.
The fourth building material
Category V Petroleum products, lubricants and fossil fuels
Class VI Paints, Related Coatings and Aromatic Compounds
The seventh category of textiles and materials
8 kinds of plastics
9 kinds of rubber
Category 10 Electrical insulators and electronic products
Eleventh water and environmental technology
The twelfth kind of nuclear energy, solar energy
Category 13 medical equipment and services
Fourteenth kinds of instruments and general test methods
Category 15 General industrial products, special chemicals and consumable materials
Standard file index
Among the more than 10000 standards counted above, 2000 new standards and revised standards did not appear in previous yearbooks.
ASTM has a wide range of activities and various forms. In addition to publishing various standard materials, it also has periodicals, such as:
ASTM Standardization News (ASTM Standardization News)
Journal of Composite Technology Research (Journal of Testing and Evaluation)
Journal of forensic medicine (journal of forensic medicine)
4. Broad social connections and influences
Although the ASTM standard was formulated by unofficial academic groups, it has won the official trust of American industry because of its high quality and good adaptability, and has been adopted not only by American industry, but also by the US Department of Defense and various departments of the federal government. In the past 25 years, the U.S. Department of Defense has been working with ASTM to replace American military standards with voluntary standards. At present, more than 500 people from the US Department of Defense actively participate in ASTM activities. So far, 2800 American military standards have been replaced by ASTM standards. With the development of the acquisition system reform of the US Department of Defense, the US military will undoubtedly adopt more ASTM standards. In addition to the US Department of Defense, other federal government agencies also use many ASTM standards and have established extensive and close relations and cooperation with the Association. For example: National Bureau of Standards and Technical Supervision (NIST), among which 236 people are members of ASTM; The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has 76 members who are members of ASTM. 72 members of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are members of ASTM. There are some other organizations and institutions, such as American National Standards Institute (ANSI), American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and German Standardization Association (DIN), which are all members of ASTM.
ASTM also regularly organizes academic seminars, special laboratory activities and standard preparation meetings. With its colorful activities, ASTM has attracted members of organizations, experts and scholars in various industries and scientific and technological fields, business operators and managers, and users of various standards. Today, ASTM standards and materials are not only widely used in the United States, but also widely welcomed by countries all over the world, and are used for reference and applied by many countries and enterprises in the world, affecting many aspects of people's lives.