1. the purpose of human defense works: war preparedness and disaster relief functions; 2. China's human defense construction policy: "long-term preparedness, focusing on construction, the combination of peace and war"; 3. classification of human defense works: according to the function of: (1) command, communications. (2) central hospitals and emergency hospitals; (3) personnel shelter: professional team members, first-class personnel (bureau level and above), second-class personnel; (4) professional team equipment; (5) supporting works: regional water supply, power supply, monitoring centers, food processing, material processing, materials warehouse, human defense channel. According to the resistance: 1, 2, 2B, 3, 4, 4B, 5, 6 eight levels, of which 5 level of resistance to human defense for 0.1MPa, 6 level of resistance to human defense for 0.05MPa. According to the level of chemical defense: A, B, C, D four levels. 4. Human defense engineering design specifications and atlases: (1) the national standard "people's air defense basement design specification" GB 50038-94, applicable to 4, 4B, 5, 6 levels of various types of human defense engineering design; (2) Shanghai standard "combination of battle and peace of the people's air defense engineering design procedures" GBJ 08-49-96, applicable to Shanghai 5, 6 levels of new and reconstructed personnel shelters, war materiel stores and human security Vehicle depot (altitude below 200, soft ground); (3) Shanghai standard "leveling and battle combination of five, six levels of human air defense project" atlas "civil sub-book" 97 shu defense -561, "equipment sub-book" 97 shu defense -562; (4) the national general architectural design standards of the standard atlas for human air defense engineering; - JSJT-72 "protection closed door, closed door, explosion-proof wave of living door selection atlas" JSJT- 241 "hanging plate living door, hanging plate living door, explosion-proof wave of living door selection atlas 241 "hanging plate trapdoor, diffusion box selection atlas" -JSJT-150 "ventilation and lighting wells general atlas" (level V) -JSJT-342 "ventilation and lighting wells general atlas" (level VI) (5) the State Office of People's Air Defense "selection of protective equipment for air defense projects atlas" book I, II;
5. Steps in the design of human defense engineering: human defense engineering design is first based on the overall planning and local departments of civil air defense. Overall planning and local human defense department requirements for the design, to determine its location, scale, use of functions and requirements, and project design stages synchronized program design, preliminary design and construction drawings design.
Two, the main design of human defense
1. Protection unit: (1) according to the use of function, according to a certain area divided into protection unit, each protection unit of the protection facilities and internal equipment of the self-contained system; (2) the area of the protection unit: professional team members sheltering department, general personnel sheltering department ≤ 800m2; professional equipment sheltering department ≤ 2,000m2; supporting works ≤ 2400m2. 2400m2.
2. anti-explosive unit: (1) according to the use of function, according to a certain area, in the protection unit is divided into anti-explosive unit; (2) anti-explosive unit area: professional team members shelter, general personnel shelter ≤ 400m2; professional team equipment shelter ≤ 1,000m2; supporting projects ≤ 1200m2; (3) when the internal human defense wall for small room arrangement When not divided into anti-explosive units; human defense set up in multi-storey buildings underground two and two or less, may not be divided into protective units and anti-explosive units; human defense set up in high-rise buildings underground three and three or less, may not be divided into protective units and anti-explosive units; (4) anti-explosive units should be set up between the anti-explosive partition wall, connecting the mouth of the anti-explosive retaining walls set up can be masonry during the pro-war situation. Reinforced concrete wall thickness ≥ 200 thick; brick wall thickness ≥ 370, height direction @ 500 with 3 Ф6 through-length steel. 3 net area standards and net height: first-class personnel shelter 1.3m2 / person, room net height ≥ 2.4m, the bottom of the beam ≥ 2.0m; second-class personnel shelter 1.0m2 / person, the room net height ≥ 2.4m, the bottom of the beam ≥ 2.0m; professional team members shelter 3.0m2 / person, the room net height ≥ 2.4m, the bottom of the beam ≥ 2.0m; professional equipment shelter Department of small vehicles 25-45m2 / table Medium-sized vehicles 50-80m2/unit, the bottom of the beam bottom pipe bottom net height for the vehicle height +0.20. 4. The relationship between the protective unit: (1) the protective unit construction equipment self-contained system, adjacent protective unit should be set up between the protective confinement partition wall, when connected with each other, should be set up on both sides of the protective confinement door. For the protective unit, protective closed door according to the unit's resistance requirements, set up in the unit's outside, the thickness of the wall here according to the door construction form, generally ≥ 500. (2) protective unit should not be set up inside the seam, adjacent protective units set up between the seam needs to be opened when the opening of the connecting mouth, to increase a small section of aisle in order to set up the protective closed door. 5. Protection unit and the relationship between the ground: (1) the bottom of the top plate of human defense is generally not higher than the outdoor ground; (2) 6 levels of human defense, when the upper part of the brick-concrete structure (Shanghai norms or 6 floors of the following not more than 18m of the frame structure) can be higher than ≤ 1.0m; (3) 5 levels of human defense, when the upper part of the brick-concrete structure (Shanghai norms or 6 floors of the following not more than 18m of the frame structure) and there are conditions of soil, can be higher than ≤ 0.5m, and in the adjacent to the ground, the protection unit should not be equipped with joints. 0.5m, and cover the soil in the critical time. 6. Protection unit and the relationship between the pipeline: the pipeline has nothing to do with the air-raid basement, should not go through the air defense enclosure structure, need to be carved out of the air defense protection unit, when the conditions need to go through the roof, only water, heating, air conditioning refrigerant, etc., the diameter of the pipeline is not greater than 75mm through and should be taken to protect the confinement measures (pipeline blocking diagram).
Three, the mouth of the human defense design
1. The mouth of the human defense refers to the main body of the air defense basement and the ground surface of the connection part, including personnel entrances and exits, material entrances and exits, air intake and exhaust port. 2. 2. Clean area and poisoned area with poisoned requirements of the innermost side of the protection unit of a closed door, can meet the requirements of poisoned area for the clean area, this closed door can resist the intended nuclear explosion outside the dynamic load effect of the area for the poisoned area. Contaminated area shall include the following rooms or passages: (1) diffusion room, confined passages, anti-virus passages, dusting room, filtration room, simple decontamination room or decontamination room. (2) Classification of medical rescue works can be and belongs to the first aid room, toilet, poisoned clothing room. (3) Diesel generator room and its into the exhaust fan room, oil storage room. (4) Parking part of the automobile garage. (5) No need to prevent poisonous rooms or passages in wartime. (3) The number of entrances and requirements (1) each protective unit should not be less than two entrances (excluding the connecting port), wartime use of the main entrances and exits should be located in the outdoors, should not be used in the shaft type. (2) personnel shelter in the two adjacent protection unit can be in the protection of the closed door **** set up an outdoor entrances and exits, the two anti-ground overpressure is different at the same time, the outdoor entrances and exits should be set according to the resistance of the high level of design. (3) fire garage, large-scale material storage should be set up two outdoor entrances, the central hospital emergency hospital should be set up two outdoor entrances, and should be set up in different directions and maintain the maximum distance. (4) The open section of outdoor entrances and exits shall be arranged outside the scope of collapse of the ground building. (5) Ground building collapse range: 4, 4B level human defense upper building for brick or reinforced concrete, the collapse range for the height of the building; 5, 6 level human defense upper brick collapse range of 0.5 building height; 5, 6 level human defense upper for reinforced concrete is not to be considered for the collapse range. (6) Outdoor entrances and exits outside the scope of collapse should adopt single-story lightweight structure, and outdoor entrances and exits within the scope of collapse should adopt anti-collapse grill. (7) Alternate entrances and exits can be of shaft type, and it is appropriate to set them up together with ventilation shafts, and the net size of the shaft plane should not be less than 1.0m*1.0m, and if there is within the scope of collapse, collapse-proof grills should be set up. 4. The size of the entrance and exit passage, staircase and doorway should meet the needs of the usual and wartime, and related to the size of the protective airtight door and airtight door. (1) the minimum size of the doorway, personnel shelter doorway width 0.8, doorway height 1.8, aisle width 1.2, aisle height 2.2, stairway width 1.0; medical engineering and professional team members shelter doorway width 1.0, doorway height 2.0, aisle width 1.5, aisle height 2.2, stairway width 1.2. (2) personnel shelter wartime entry and exit doorway width of and according to the calculation of every 100 people 0.375m (2) The width of the entrance and exit doorway of the personnel shelter is calculated as 0.375m per 100 persons, and the number of persons passing through each door shall not exceed 500. (3) commonly used protective closed doors and closed doors in front of the channel size. (5) protection closed door, closed door, anti-virus channel and decontamination room set up (1) medical works, professional team members, first-class personnel shelter set up the main entrance and exit, set up a protection closed door, two anti-virus channel and decontamination room, two closed door. The secondary entrances and exits are equipped with a protective airtight door, a gas-protected passageway, and an airtight door. (2) The second-class personnel shelter, with anti-drug requirements of the supporting works to set up a protective closed door, an anti-drug channel and a simple decontamination room, a closed door. (3) car garage and other supporting works do not require anti-virus only a protective closed door. (4) anti-virus channel should be protected by the closed door and closed door, closed door and closed door channel composition, and should be set up in the channel to meet the requirements of the number of ventilation ventilation equipment, to meet the use of the premise of narrowing the channel volume. (5) human defense door set up from the outside to the inside of the order of: protection closed door, closed door, protection closed door should be opened to the outside, closed door should be opened to the outside. (6) The decontamination room is set up on one side of the anti-virus channel and consists of undressing, showering, checking and dressing rooms. The order from outside to inside is protective closed door, the first anti-virus channel, undressing room, shower room, checking and dressing room, the second anti-virus channel and the second closed door. Medical ambulance project: undressing room, shower room, dressing room, each shower 6m2. other projects: undressing room, check dressing room, each shower 3m2, shower room, each shower 2m2. (7) simple decontamination room set up in the side of the anti-virus channel set up individually, and its use of the area of 5 ~ 10m2, can also be set up with the appropriate widening of the combination of anti-virus channel. 6. Inlet, exhaust port, explosion-proof wave valve, diffusion chamber, diffusion box, filter room and air intake room (1) inlet and exhaust port should be set up separately in the outdoor area. (2) with decontamination room or simple decontamination room air defense basement, its wartime exhaust vent should be set in the main outdoor entrance and exit. Only one outdoor entrance and exit, the air inlet should be set up separately in the outdoor. 5, 6 levels of human defense outdoor air inlet conditions, can be combined with indoor entrances and exits to set up the air inlet, but the explosion-proof wave piston door on the outside to take anti-blocking measures. (3) No decontamination room and simple decontamination room of the air defense basement, when there is only one outdoor entrance and exit, wartime air inlet should be combined with the outdoor entrance and exit, wartime exhaust air should be discharged through the toilet. (4) door type hanging plate trapdoor embedded depth: front shock wave embedded 200; side shock wave embedded 300. (5) diffusion room cross-section net area ≥ 9 times the hanging plate trapdoor ventilation area, when there are difficulties when the cross-section net area ≥ 7 times the ventilation area of the hanging plate trapdoor, the net width and height of the net width and height of 0.4 ≤ bs/hs ≤ 2.5, the ventilation pipe and the diffusion chamber of the connecting port on the side wall should be located in the rear one-third of the. Ventilation pipe and diffusion chamber connection in the back wall should be equipped with elbow center distance from the back wall after one-third. (6) The diffusion box should be made of steel plate not less than 3mm. (7) filter room is set up in the poisonous area, filter room door should be closed door, set in the closed channel or anti-virus channel. Into the fan room should be set up in the clean area. 150 people below the second-class personnel shelter, filter room and into the fan room can be combined and arranged for the filtering fan room, filtering fan room should be located in the clean area, and should be equipped with airtight door. 7. Decontamination of sewage catchment pit protection closed door, explosion-proof wave live outside the door should be set up to decontaminate sewage catchment pit.
Four, battlefield conversion
1. battlefield conversion requirements should be based on the nature of the use of human defense and human defense department at the time of the requirements of the decision. 2. battlefield combination of human defense engineering design, including the functional design in peacetime, wartime functional design and battlefield conversion design. 3. battlefield conversion design, including the use of the functional conversion design, the protection of the functional conversion design and the internal equipment system of the design of the battlefield conversion. 4. Human defense project wartime use of entrances and exits, aperture protection equipment must be installed in place according to the protection requirements in the construction of the project
I believe that after the above introduction, we have a certain understanding of the summary of the main points of the human defense design. Welcome to visit Zhongda Consulting for more information.
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