1. Aerospace technology drives the development of the national economy
(1) Promote scientific and technological progress and play a leading role in developing productivity
Science and technology are the first productive forces. Aerospace technology is a highly comprehensive high-tech group that integrates many of the latest achievements in science and technology in the world today. The development of aerospace technology has led to a series of scientific and technological progress, including the research and development of astronomy, earth science, life science, information science, energy technology, biotechnology, information technology, new materials and new processes, etc., as well as various satellite applications. Technology, space processing and manufacturing technology, space biotechnology, and space energy technology have greatly enhanced human beings' ability to understand and transform nature, and promoted the development of productivity.
(2) Promote sustainable development and improve human living standards
The direct application of aerospace technology has opened up a broader path for human sustainable development, and will also play a role in protecting human beings and protecting human beings. The important role of the Earth. Satellite meteorological observation can obtain continuous day and night meteorological data around the world, provide meteorological workers and the public with meteorological and climate information, change the backward state of traditional observation methods, and enable modern meteorology to enter the field of research with the global atmosphere as the research object and meteorology as the research object. A new stage in which satellites are the main observation tools. Satellite remote sensing technology is applied to earth resources survey, providing an economical and effective new means for large-scale census. This technology has been widely used in mineral and oil resource census, crop yield estimation and pest and disease forecast, soil and forest resources survey, flood disaster and forest fire monitoring, ocean and water conservancy resources survey, crustal activity monitoring, geological analysis and earthquake forecast, and environmental monitoring. , map surveying, urban planning, etc. Satellite navigation and positioning technology can provide all-day, all-weather, continuous, real-time high-precision positioning and speed measurement information for ground personnel, land vehicles, sea surface ships, aerial vehicles, as well as satellites and spacecraft in the sky. Manned spaceflight, space stations, celestial body exploration and extraterrestrial resource development technologies have opened up bright prospects for the future of mankind.
The direct application of aerospace technology has improved the quality of human life and improved the human living environment. Satellite communication technology provides modern society with hundreds of services such as telephone, telegraph, fax, data transmission, television broadcast, satellite TV education, mobile communications, data collection, rescue, e-mail, and telemedicine, and has made important changes in human life. change.
(3) Develop high-tech industries and enhance traditional industries
As a high-tech frontier, the industrialization of aerospace technology depends on the development level of the entire national economy and social productivity as well as the development of traditional industries. support. There is a relationship of mutual penetration, mutual promotion and synchronous development between the aerospace industry and traditional industries. The development of aerospace technology will lead to the improvement of the technical level of traditional industries. Many new technologies, new processes, new materials and new products produced during the development of aerospace technology can be promoted, applied and used in traditional industries directly or after secondary development. Transplantation; the management methods, general software, talents and equipment advantages of aerospace technology can also be borrowed by traditional industries, greatly promoting the upgrading of traditional industries.
2. The current situation and development trend of my country’s aerospace technology and its applications
Since 1956, my country’s aerospace technology has made remarkable achievements. Relying on its own strength, China has developed and successfully launched nearly 50 artificial earth satellites of 15 types and 3 test spacecraft. There are 12 models of the "Long March" series of launch vehicles independently developed by my country, which have the capacity to launch payloads in various orbits such as low earth orbit, sun synchronous orbit, and geosynchronous transfer orbit. So far, the "Long March" series of carrier rockets have carried out 68 launches; of which 22 were successful external launches, sending 27 foreign-made satellites into space. Since October 1996, the "Long March" series of carrier rockets have successfully launched 26 times in a row.
From the launch of the "Dongfanghong" satellite to the "Shenzhou" spacecraft traveling in space, space technology has been transformed into social productivity through space applications. Civilian aerospace has played an important role in promoting economic growth, scientific and technological progress, and the progress of human social civilization. played an important role. In recent years, my country's satellite applications have developed vigorously. Civilian satellites have been widely used in many fields such as earth observation, communications and broadcasting, navigation and positioning, and have achieved significant social and economic benefits. China has now established satellite application systems such as satellite communications, satellite meteorology, satellite resource census, satellite navigation and positioning, satellite microgravity experiments, and space scientific research.
(1) Satellite remote sensing
Our country has more than 600 units and nearly 10,000 scientific and technological personnel directly engaged in satellite remote sensing research, testing, development and application, and has initially formed a team with a wide range of fields and Professional and basic supporting satellite remote sensing application team. The National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Remote Sensing Satellite Ground Station, National Remote Sensing Center and other units use domestic and foreign resource satellites and meteorological satellite data to make the application of satellite remote sensing play an important role. Applications in weather forecasting and meteorological research, land and resources survey and development, agricultural resource planning and yield estimation, forest and grassland monitoring and protection, environmental disaster monitoring and assessment, marine resource survey and development, etc. are developing rapidly.
After being processed and analyzed by the national economic and scientific research departments, the tens of thousands of meters of ground feature photos taken by China's returnable remote sensing satellites and the ground feature information obtained by other satellites have been processed and analyzed, and a lot of information that cannot be obtained or cannot be obtained by other means can be obtained. Hard-to-obtain information provides an important basis for the country's land planning and macroeconomic decision-making.
Using return-type remote sensing satellite photos, relevant national departments have organized resource and environmental surveys in seven regions including Beijing, Tianjin, Tang Dynasty, Tarim Basin, and Yellow River Delta. Relevant units have also carried out a number of other projects. Thematic applications. Practice has shown that the photos of returnable remote sensing satellites have the characteristics of wide field of view, rich information, good intuitiveness, high definition, and can provide macroscopic and practical first-hand census data, etc., and have considerable practical value.
China has built remote sensing satellite ground stations that can receive various types of (photoelectric, radar) resource satellite data. Using the data released by the station, various ministries and commissions, provinces and cities have done a lot of effective work in resource surveys, environmental monitoring, land remediation and planning, land use and census, crop yield estimation, geological exploration, major disaster assessment, etc. When severe floods occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Nenjiang and Songhua River basins in the summer of 1998, remote sensing satellite ground stations conducted all-day and all-weather monitoring of the most severely affected areas based on microwave remote sensing data obtained by satellites. Disaster relief provides an important basis. The "Resource" satellite jointly developed by China and Brazil, launched in 1999, has become a new data source for China's satellite resources.
China has launched 4 "Fengyun" 1 and 2 "Fengyun" 2 meteorological satellites, and has now established a meteorological satellite data processing center consisting of the Beijing Meteorological Satellite Data Processing Center and three meteorological satellite data processing centers in Beijing, Urumqi and Guangzhou. A meteorological satellite data receiving and processing system composed of stations with domestic and foreign compatibility. The system provides a large number of real-time cloud images for China's weather forecasting work. In particular, the operational operation of meteorological satellite systems has greatly improved the accuracy of disastrous weather forecasts and reduced economic losses by billions of yuan every year.
(2) Satellite Communications
In the past nearly 20 years, my country’s satellite communications industry has developed vigorously. At present, a domestic satellite public communications network has been built, and there are 71 satellite communications earth stations in the country. indivual. In recent years, VSAT communications have developed rapidly, and more than 120 dedicated networks with more than 20,000 terminals have been established in dozens of departments such as postal and telecommunications, finance, meteorology, news, transportation, petroleum, water conservancy, and electricity. In terms of satellite radio and television, 47 sets of TV programs and more than 70 voice broadcasts have been launched, bringing the coverage rate of satellite television and radio in our country to more than 90%. Satellite radio and television education has enabled more than 30 million people in our country to use this "air" school to receive education. education and training.
The progress of China's satellite communications industry has significantly improved the backwardness of radio and television transmission, and promoted the modernization of communications and the development of economic, cultural, educational and other undertakings.
(3) Satellite navigation and positioning
The application of satellite navigation and positioning is developing rapidly in our country. Cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Chengdu have begun to install GPS command and monitoring systems for buses and taxis. Tens of thousands of fishing boats in our country are equipped with GPS receivers. There is no doubt that smart transportation is a massive potential market. Satellite navigation technology has been widely used in all aspects of surveying and mapping. The application of GPS will surely become one of the hot spots of global economic growth in the 21st century.
In 2000, the "Beidou" navigation test satellite was successfully launched and the dual-satellite network was completed. Our country has independently established the first-generation satellite navigation and positioning system - the "Beidou" navigation system. This system is a regional navigation system that provides satellite navigation information all-weather and around the clock. It is currently the third practical satellite-based positioning and navigation system in the world after the United States and Russia, and will play a positive role in promoting my country's economic construction.
China is the third country and organization in the world to have mastered satellite return technology, and is also one of the few countries in the world that has the means to conduct space microgravity experiments. Today, my country's aerospace industry is ushering in a spring of great leaps and bounds in development. In the first decade of the 21st century, two major events in China's aerospace history occurred: In terms of aerospace, China successfully launched the first manned spacecraft Shenzhou 5, fulfilling the Chinese people's thousands-year dream of flying into the sky. In terms of aviation, in February 2007, a large aircraft project that was no less significant to the national economy and people's livelihood than the "two bombs and one satellite" was officially launched, as well as the "Chang'e 1", "Shenzhou 7", etc. that have recently attracted much attention from the Chinese people... …These achievements will certainly greatly enhance our country’s comprehensive national strength and increase our international influence.
The aerospace industry is of unparalleled importance to the country. The aerospace industry is the mainstay of the country in terms of military and national defense. From a national defense perspective, air combat already occupies a dominant position in modern warfare. Important indicators that measure a country's national defense strength, such as military aircraft, missiles, and aircraft carriers, are directly related to the country's aerospace technology level. Historically, almost every breakthrough in aerospace technology has originated from military purposes. For example, "two bombs and one satellite", bombs and satellites should be considered together. If the satellite in the rocket is replaced with a nuclear warhead, it will become an intercontinental nuclear missile. Why does New China still need to carry out the "two bombs and one satellite" project under such difficult conditions? This is precisely to have China's own nuclear weapons. Similarly, having the ability to launch space rockets is a prerequisite for a country to have nuclear deterrence capabilities and long-range nuclear strike capabilities. Modern warfare is a three-dimensional and complex information-based war integrating sea, land, air and space. Having air and sky control is the key to victory in war. Therefore, the development of the aerospace industry directly affects national security and national defense capabilities.
4 The status and role of aerospace in national defense and economic construction The development of aerospace technology and military applications are closely linked and promote each other. Aviation weapons and equipment are an important part of the Air Force’s weapons and equipment. Modern aviation weapons and equipment include fighter jets, fighter-bombers, attack aircraft, bombers, early warning aircraft, electronic warfare aircraft, military transport aircraft, military drones, armed helicopters, aerial refueling special aircraft and airborne weapons, etc. The role of aviation weapons and equipment is to conduct air combat against enemy air forces, seize and defend air supremacy; attack enemy ground and sea military targets; perform reconnaissance, communication and early warning command tasks, aerial electronic warfare tasks and various combat support and support tasks. Aviation weapons and equipment are the material basis of the air force’s combat effectiveness. The two world wars and the local wars that occurred during them initially showed the significant impact of air power on war. The Korean War was the first large-scale combat use of jet fighters. Air combat and air strikes affected the course and outcome of the war to a great extent. In the late stages of the Vietnam War, the U.S. military used various combat aircraft, including B-52s, to conduct "carpet bombing" of political, economic and military targets in North Vietnam, causing huge losses to North Vietnam and achieving the so-called honorable retreat of the United States. .
In the third Middle East War in June 1967, the Israeli Air Force almost annihilated the Egyptian Air Force within three hours, and also severely hit air force targets in Syria, Jordan and Iraq. This was achieved in just six days. its predetermined strategic goals. The Anglo-Malaysian Island War and the "surgical" air strike carried out by the United States on Libya in 1986 further established the important role of air power in modern warfare. The Gulf War in 1991 was a symbol of modern high-tech local warfare. The prototype of air warfare was demonstrated for the first time in this war. During the 42-day war, the U.S.-led coalition conducted air strikes against Iraq for 38 days, basically relying on air combat to achieve victory. In the Kosovo War eight years later, NATO, led by the United States, still chose an air strike plan. The 79-day war was conducted entirely by air power, making the Kosovo War the first true air war. This war has some new features. Unmanned aircraft are used on a large scale, playing a positive role in improving the effectiveness of air strikes; quasi-precision and precision-guided weapons account for the vast majority of the total bombs dropped. After the "9.11" incident, the United States launched a war on terrorism against the Taliban government in Afghanistan, still relying on air strikes. In this war, an unmanned aircraft fired weapons at a target for the first time, marking that the concept of unmanned aerial combat platforms has entered the actual combat stage. In the 2003 war against Iraq, the United States started the war by bombing military and political targets on the outskirts of Baghdad with stealth fighter jets and long-range cruise missiles. In modern high-tech local wars, as war goals develop in a politicized direction, air power has an increasing impact on the course and outcome of the war. Future wars will inevitably revolve around air strikes. Whoever has a more powerful air force will take the initiative in future wars. Satellite reconnaissance has the advantages of large area, fast speed, regular or continuous monitoring of an area, and is not restricted by national boundaries and geographical conditions. It has become an important part of today's combat command system and strategic weapon system. Military communication satellites, military navigation satellites, military geodetic satellites and military meteorological satellites can all be directly used in military applications. The system consisting of reconnaissance satellites, military communication satellites, military navigation satellites and airborne early warning and command aircraft is the nerve center of the country's modern defense system. Simply installing a satellite guidance device on an ordinary bomb and using the Global Satellite Positioning System (GPS) can greatly improve the bombing accuracy of conventional bombs. Other spacecraft can serve as space weapons platforms and play a role in future battles for space supremacy. 2007-12-28 21:47 Reply ☆Pig’s Pride☆ 37th Floor The great achievements in the aerospace field have had a significant impact on many sectors of the national economy. The development of aviation has greatly changed the structure of transportation. Air transportation provides people with a fast, convenient, safe and comfortable means of travel. International flights have replaced ocean liners and become the main tool for people's intercontinental travel, which has closer ties and exchanges with countries around the world. Air transportation on domestic routes can already compete with railway transportation in developed countries and regions, and it has accelerated the development of remote areas in developing countries. Communication satellites and large passenger aircraft are considered two important pillars of modern society. The application of aviation in industry and agriculture is also obvious. For example, aircraft are widely used in aerial photography, geodetic mapping, geological exploration and resource surveys. They can also be used for sowing and fertilizing, weeding and insecticide, forest fire prevention and environmental monitoring and protection. wait. The combination of aerospace technology and other science and technology has created many new business avenues and produced huge economic and social benefits. The most typical example is satellite communication, which has the characteristics of long distance, large capacity, good quality, high reliability and flexibility, and has become an important means of modern communication. In the early 1980s, communication satellites were responsible for more than half of international telecommunications services and almost all intercontinental television transmission services. In our country, communication satellites have enabled the implementation of the radio and television village-to-village project. People living in remote areas can hear radio and watch television.
In addition to military uses, satellite navigation technology is widely used in civilian fields such as ship navigation, ocean survey, offshore oil drilling, geodetic surveying and search and rescue, taking advantage of its all-weather, global and high-precision advantages. The high-precision weather forecast provided by meteorological satellites plays a very positive role in preventing natural disasters such as typhoons and heavy rains, and contributes to the healthy development of the national economy. Other geodesic and oceanographic satellites have become the fastest, most effective and most economical means of surveying the earth and ocean resources, and can also assist in monitoring natural disasters and environmental pollution. Aerospace technology is transferred to other departments of the national economy through new technologies, new products, new materials, new processes and new management methods, driving the development of related industries and generating very considerable indirect economic benefits. Aerospace has made important contributions to the development of scientific research. Aviation technology provides humans with the conditions to observe the natural world from the air. Aerospace has opened a new era of observing and studying the earth and the entire universe from space. The rich information about earth space, interplanetary space, solar system and cosmic objects obtained through space activities has updated human’s understanding of the earth, planets and universe, and promoted the development of astronomy, space physics, high energy physics and biology. Some new subject branches were formed. The special environment of the space laboratory can be used to carry out many comprehensive research works in physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, new materials and new processes that cannot be completed on earth. Aerospace products are high-tech products with high added value. As far as aviation products are concerned, the price of 1 kg of American F-16 fighter jets is 20 times the price of 1 kg of silver, equivalent to 25% of 1 kg of gold, and much higher than the unit price of ships, cars and computers. If calculated based on the price of the U.S. B-2A strategic bomber, the empty weight of the aircraft is 50 oookg and the unit price is US$2 billion. The converted unit price is three times that of gold. The aerospace industry has become an important part of the economy of some developed countries. Among manufacturing industries, the aerospace industry contributes the most to the U.S. trade balance, with an annual trade surplus of $21 billion. The U.S. aviation industry is the core of the U.S. defense industry and the most powerful aviation industry sector in the world. Some developing countries have also begun to attach importance to the development of the aerospace industry and have identified the aerospace industry as a high-tech industry with priority development.