Three Gorges Dam guide word "selected"
The Three Gorges Dam is located in Yichang City, Hubei Province, China's Yangtze River Xilingxia section with the downstream Gezhouba hydroelectric power station constitutes a step power station. Below I have compiled for you, take a look:
Part I: Three Gorges Dam guide
Dear travelers friends:
Hello! I'm very happy to meet you all under this fateful sky and serve you all. First of all, I do a simple self-introduction, my last name is Lu, you can call me small Lu. In the next tour, if you have any questions, just ask me, I will be happy to help you. I wish us a happy and pleasant trip to the dam.
Dreamed for nearly a century, argued for half a century, the Three Gorges project can be said to be ill-fated. But no matter what, a grand scale, the construction of the world's most majestic, in this land under our feet miraculously born. Now please follow me on a tour of this legendary proof - the Three Gorges Dam.
Today we are going to visit the altar ridge, 185 observation deck, cut off the flow of the Memorial Park these three attractions. What we are seeing now is a 1:1250 miniature model of the Three Gorges Project, which reflects the landscape of the dam area after the full completion of the Three Gorges Project in XX. Let's first confirm where we are currently located! Of course it is the altar ridge, about the origin of its name is because the shape of the mountain is similar to the Sichuan people make pickles altar upside down on the top of the mountain and so named, elevation of 262.48 meters, as long as you climb to the top of the altar ridge viewing platform, you can overlook the construction of the Three Gorges dam area in its entirety, full of Xilingxia Huangniuyan beautiful scenery and zigui the new county town of the vista. The blue water on the model represents the Yangtze River, how is the left and right bank of the Yangtze River distinguished? Standing along the water, your right hand direction for the right bank, that is, usually referred to as the south of the Yangtze River, relatively, you just came to this side of the Yangtze River for the left bank, that is, the north of the river, the back of the Yangtze River downstream of the direction of Yichang. Now you can step out of the modeling room to take a look at the huge Tianshu - the silver version of the Tianshu - on this side. I can tell you without exaggeration it is the largest book in China at the moment. As you can see the book has been opened and it records the introduction about the Three Gorges Project. Now you can climb the altar ridge to feel the full view of the dam for yourself.
Tourist friends, welcome to take our sightseeing bus again to the next attraction, the 185 Viewing Platform, named 185 Viewing Platform because of its high altitude of 185 meters. It is equal in height to the top of the dam, and the view from the left hand direction is the front of the completed barrage dam. The closest thing to us is the construction site of the vertical boat lift. From your right hand side, you can see the Three Gorges Reservoir, which has been impounded to a level of 165 meters. The normal storage level of the dam is 175 meters, which is about 10 meters below our feet. Now we can get out of the car and have an unobstructed view of the back of the dam and the magnificent scenery of the high gorges and flat lakes. Here you can get a close-up downward view of the flood discharge scene, with the thunderous torrent being trampled underfoot. The dam, double-line five-stage locks, vertical boat lifts, the left and right bank power station plants, the right bank underground power station power plant **** with the creation of this brilliant Three Gorges Pearl. So standing in this set of the world's most of a number of projects with a district, the heart of the pride and pleasure is really overflowing ah!
Visitors friends, immediately we will arrive at the last attraction is the cut-off Memorial Park. If the altar ridge, 185 observation deck to see the Three Gorges Dam and the floodgate is breathtaking, singing is the Great River to the east; then to the Three Gorges Interceptor Memorial Park is lyrical, reciting the history of the witness. Now please join me in the tour to reminisce about this great history.
Interceptor Memorial Park is to show the spectacular scenery of the interceptor Memorial Park as the theme of the comprehensive park, which was built in 1995 in the Three Gorges Dam area open. It is to the Three Gorges Project as the theme of the cut-off, set tours, science, performance, leisure and other functions as one of the country's first water conservancy project theme park. The scenic spot you see covers an area of 930,000 square meters, with an investment of more than 30 million. Scenic area is divided into the entrance area, the comprehensive art overlook area, the site exhibition area and play rest area and so on four areas, there are cut off the story wall, performing arts plaza, pro-water platforms, phantom imaging, large machinery display field, climbing tetrahedron, flat throw boat and so on more than a dozen of landscape composition. Interceptor is the most exciting scene of hydropower project construction. The intercepting of the Grand River in 1997 and the intercepting of the diversion nullah in XX are landmark events in the history of the Three Gorges Project construction. The comprehensive technical difficulties of the two interceptions are rare in the world, but have achieved a series of technological innovation results, so that China's river interception technology jumped to the world's leading level. The Interception Memorial Park formally focuses on the theme of the interception of the Yangtze River, reproducing this amazing feat of transforming nature. The Three Gorges Interceptor Park embodies the spirit of the interceptor culture theme of man's victory over heaven and the unity of heaven and man. In the landscape design of the entire park, the theme of the interception of the Yangtze River, the dam, the project and other distinctive image characteristics, creating a water conservancy project unique relics of the landscape effect. As far as possible to retain the original site on the first-class engineering piles and objects, as you can see: used to support the stacking of sand and gravel materials of the bulkhead, more than 100 tetrahedron left behind when the cut-off, as well as 77 tons of loading and unloading trucks and flat casting boats and other large construction machinery. Now you see with the golden yellow font with "intercepted reproduction" four big words is our intercepted reproduction of the projection hall, it is the use of modern high-tech phantom imaging technology, intuitive and vivid to you to reproduce the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River interception. Do you feel as if you were in the hot construction scene when you look at these? Three Gorges Interceptor Memorial Park. Built and opened, as if the cultural connotation of the Three Gorges project, for the Three Gorges tour added a beautiful scenery, as we see not only make our eyes enjoy, more is to let us have a certain understanding of the history of the dam.
Visitors friends, after watching the cutoff reproduced these historical witnesses, we should have grown a lot of emotion and moved it! Then let us with this emotion and moved quietly end of our tour today! Although in this short acquaintance and say goodbye to you have a lot of reluctance, but the world does not have a feast, look forward to meeting you again. Here to thank you for the cooperation and collaboration in the journey, in the process if there is something not doing well, I hope you give me valuable advice, so that I learn from you here to grow. Finally, I send my most sincere wishes: I wish you all in the future every day of the gods and horses are powerful!
Part II: Three Gorges Dam guideFriends:
Hello! Welcome to visit the Three Gorges Dam! The following I will pass the introduction, so that you have a more comprehensive understanding of the project.
What we are seeing now is a 1:1250 miniature model of the Three Gorges Project, which reflects the view of the dam area after the full completion of the project in 2009. First let's make sure we're in the right place! Just now, after passing through the Three Gorges Project Special Highway, the main road of the dam area, and the Jiangxia Avenue, which enjoys the reputation of a "highway museum", we passed through the permanent ship locks, and then circled up the mountain to the altitude of the altar ridge, which is the high point of the Three Gorges Dam area within the 15.28 square kilometers of the requisitioned land. Altar ridge because of the shape of the mountain is like sichuan people make pickles altar upside down on the top of the mountain and named, elevation 262.48 meters, as long as you climb the top of the altar ridge viewing platform, you can overlooking the construction of the three gorges dam area of the whole picture, a full view of xilingxia yellow cattle rock beautiful scenery and zigui new county town of the vision. Therefore, altar ridge as a permanent observation deck, you are always welcome.
The blue water on the model represents the Yangtze River, how to distinguish the left and right bank of the Yangtze River? Standing along the water, your right hand direction is the right bank, that is, usually referred to as the south of the Yangtze River, relatively speaking, you have just come to this side of the Yangtze River's left bank, that is, the north of the river, the back of the Yangtze River downstream of the direction of Yichang.
The main building of the magnificent Three Gorges Project consists of a dam across the Yangtze River, a flood relief dam located in its middle section, a power plant on the left and right banks, and navigational buildings. Its construction side of the bank is: a level of development, once built, staged storage, continuous immigration.
Barrier dam to 185 platform for the left bank starting point, extending to the south bank of the Yangtze River in Baiyanjian, the axis of the total length of about 2309 meters, belonging to the concrete gravity dam (poured with concrete to rely on the dam body's self-weight to counteract the water pressure in the reservoir area and other loads are different from the role of another type of dam - arch dams). After the completion of the dam, the top of the dam will form a communication between the south of the river and the north of the highway, the width of 15 meters, the width of the bottom of the dam is 124 meters, if you look at the dam from the side of the profile, it is presented as a trapezoidal shape at right angles, the dam's elevation and 185 platforms and so on, for the elevation of 185 meters above sea level. In this way, the Yangtze River will be blocked in the middle of Xiling Gorge, from the Three Gorges Dam until the upstream of Chongqing Municipality, more than six hundred kilometers of waterway will form a natural river-type reservoir, the reservoir capacity of 39.3 billion cubic meters, the normal reservoir level is 175 meters above sea level, before the flood, will be lowered to an elevation of 145 meters above sea level, so that the flood control capacity of the reservoir reaches 22.15 billion cubic meters.
The middle section of the spillway dam section is 483 meters long, 22 overflow table holes (width of 8 meters, weir top elevation of 156 meters, the main role is to drain the flood) and 23 overflow deep holes (7 meters × 9 meters, the bottom of the hole elevation of 90 meters, the main role is to wash the sand.) It mainly undertakes the tasks of flood discharge and sediment removal, and the designed maximum flow rate of flood discharge is 116,000 cubic meters per second, which is equivalent to the flood flow rate of one in a thousand years, because the largest flood on the Yangtze River in history occurred in 1870, when the maximum water flow rate was 108,000 cubic meters per second. The water traces of that time were left on the wooden pillars of Huangling Temple, which provided precious hydrological materials for the design of our Three Gorges Project. I believe that the flood in 1998 left a deep impression on everyone, the Jingjiang River embankment was in full emergency, Paichou Bay broke, Jiujiang New Area was flooded, and the direct economic loss was as high as 160 billion dollars, and the maximum flow rate of this flood was 68,000 cubic meters per second. So after the completion of the dam, the flood control standard of the Jingjiang River section will be greatly improved.
Located on both sides of the flood relief dam section are the left and right two post-dam type plant, the model on the round holes represent the number of hydroelectric units we will install in the future, we will install 14 hydroelectric units in the left bank power plant room, the right bank power plant room to install 12 units of hydroelectric units, each with a stand-alone capacity of 700,000 kilowatts. This is equivalent to the generating capacity of one Danjiangkou hydropower station. Such large-capacity generating units currently only 21 units in the world, which currently ranks first in the world of Brazil and Paraguay jointly built Itaipu hydroelectric power plant has 18 units, currently ranks third in the world of the United States Daguli hydroelectric power plant has 3 units, and in the future the Three Gorges hydroelectric power plant will have 26 units of hydropower units (each unit weighs more than the Eiffel Tower of 600 tons), with a total installed capacity of 18.2 million kW, the annual power output of 847 yi du. Annual power generation of 847 degrees, equivalent to Gezhouba hydroelectric power plant annual power generation of 6.5 times, equivalent to Guangdong Daya Bay nuclear power plant annual power generation of 10 times, in today's world's largest Itaipu hydroelectric power plant compared to the center of the Three Gorges Dam can be transported to the 1200 square kilometers or so, the most east - Shanghai; the most west - Lanzhou; the most south - Guangzhou; the most north - Guangzhou. -Shanghai; the westernmost - Lanzhou; the southernmost - Guangzhou; the northernmost - Tianjin, a steady stream of transmission to Central China, East China and eastern Sichuan, promoting the development of hydropower in these areas and economic take-off, to achieve the strategic pattern of the "Western Electricity East". Hydropower is a clean and renewable energy source that does not consume natural resources or cause environmental pollution. The Three Gorges Project can save 40 million to 50 million tons of raw coal per year, reduce thermal power generation, reduce environmental pollution, and thus optimize China's energy structure.
The third major part of the project consists of two permanent navigational structures, the permanent locks (both double-lane, five-stage locks) that you have just passed by, and a single-lane, one-stage vertical shiplift. By artificial excavation of the permanent locks set in the granite mountains, all known as the double line five lines of continuous ladder locks, it will become the world's largest inland waterway locks, upstream and downstream water level drop as high as 113 meters (the upstream water level elevation of 175 meters, the downstream Gezhouba Dam reservoir area water level elevation of 62 meters, such a high level drop is equivalent to a more than thirty-storey skyscraper); the so-called "Double line", both you see the two grooves, is the future of the two one-way channel, one for the upstream ship's channel, the other for the downstream ship's channel, after the opening of the permanent locks, the ship will be able to get up and down here, do not interfere with each other, well organized through the locks; the so-called "five-level ", is that the permanent locks are divided into five levels, similar to people often climb the stairs, then two channels, five steps will have ten small chambers. The size of each small lock chamber size and Yichang Gezhouba No. 2 locks of the same size, 280 meters long, 34 meters wide, the minimum depth of 5 meters, the ship after a Gezhouba No. 2 locks time for at least 30 minutes, then, in the future, if you have the pleasure of enjoying a trip to the Three Gorges when you go through the permanent locks, which means that you have to continuously over the five levels of the Gezhouba No. 2 locks, from the time to see at least two and a half hours. Speaking of this, some tourists may ask: "small and medium-sized passenger ships how to cross the dam? Does it also take so long?" Then I can ask you to rest assured that in order to make it possible for ordinary passenger and cargo ships to cross the dam quickly, we have designed another permanent navigational structure - a single-line, one-stage vertical shiplift - next to Platform 185. If a ship passing through a permanent lock is similar to a person slowly climbing stairs, then a vertical shiplift is similar to a person taking an elevator. In fact, the mechanical principle of the vertical shiplift is similar to the principle of the elevator that we often take. Vertical shiplift has a huge boat box (effective size of 120 meters long, 18 meters wide, water depth of 3.5 meters) when the ship arrives the gate will be opened, so that the ship and water safety into the boat box inside, when the water depth reaches 3.5 meters, the gate closed, relying on the eight winches we installed in the upper part of the power provided by 192 criss-crossed steel cables will be the boat, the water, the people, boat box together to lift or Down 113 meters, before and after only 30-40 minutes will be able to cross the dam, but the maximum weight of the vertical shiplift is 11,800 tons (more than the current largest facility of its kind - Belgium barrage dam lifting machine 7800 tons), so it can only lift a one-time less than 3,000-ton Small ships, more than 3,000 tons of large ships and 10,000 tons of fleet or to sail through the permanent locks. Vertical shiplift is expected to be put into operation in 2009, so by 2003 after the permanent locks are put into use, if you come to the Three Gorges can be disembarked at the dam pier, after visiting the magnificent Three Gorges project, you can take a ride down the road, you can also take the boat to continue to visit the beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges.
From the shipping efficiency, in the upper reservoir on the river, from Yichang to Chongqing voyage will save 5-6 hours, and the future of the 10,000-ton fleet can be year-round from Wuhan City, Chongqing City, the Yangtze River will become a real "golden waterway". The Yangtze River crosses China east and west, the main stream extends 18 provinces and municipalities, water transport conditions are very favorable, known as the "golden waterway" of the long term, although the country on the waterway and the port for a large-scale large-scale rectification and construction, but the Yangtze River shipping development is still not able to adapt to the needs of the development of the national economy, especially Yichang to Chongqing 650 kilometers of the Chuan River Navigation channel, large drop, rapid water flow, dense shoals, accidents occur in this place. Since ancient times, "the road to Shu is difficult, more difficult than in the blue sky," said, including the difficulties of boating on the river. After the completion of the Three Gorges Project, back to Chongqing Baxian, dangers submerged, channel widening, slowing down the current, can improve the waterway 650 kilometers, speed from the current 15 km / h to 30 km / h, 50 million tons of fleet of a year in 50% of the time can be directly from Wuhan to Chongqing, the cost of transport can be reduced by 35% -37%, combined with the construction of ports and modernization of the ship, launching! One-way annual navigable capacity will increase from the current 10 million tons to 50 million tons. Meanwhile, due to the regulation of the reservoir, the dry water volume below Yichang will increase from about 3,000 cubic meters per second at present to more than 5,000 cubic meters per second, thus increasing the dry water depth of the middle reaches of the Jingjiang River section, which will be conducive to the maintenance of the waterway and the operation of ships. In this sense, the construction of the Three Gorges Project will promote the further development of the Yangtze River shipping business, improve the safety of transportation, strengthen the Southwest, Central China, East China, the three economic zones, and promote the development of the Yangtze River economic zone along the river.
Throughout the main building of the Three Gorges Project, it can be seen that the Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River has three significant comprehensive benefits: flood control, power generation, shipping. Other benefits include south-to-north water transfer, developmental migration, aquaculture, tourism, environmental protection, farmland irrigation, and so on. The Three Gorges Reservoir has an obvious regulating effect on the climate of the surrounding areas, with winter temperatures favorable to the growth of citrus in the reservoir area, and summer cooling favorable to the relief of temperatures in Chongqing, Wanxian and other places. The construction of the Three Gorges Project will ensure the water supply of towns and cities in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the use of water and electricity for farmland drainage and irrigation, and provide sufficient water sources for the cross-basin south-to-north water transfer. Through the development of reservoir aquaculture and tourism, it will strongly promote the economic development of the Three Gorges reservoir area.
The Three Gorges project since 1919 by Mr. Sun Yat-sen in the "Founding Program" proposed, after seven or eight decades of Chinese and foreign experts repeatedly examined and demonstrated the feasibility of the program in 1992, the National People's Congress seven boundaries of the fifth meeting passed. The dam site was finally chosen in the town of Sandouping, Yichang, in the middle of the Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, and the waterway distance from Gezhouba Dam, the downstream counter-regulation reservoir, is 38 kilometers. This is inseparable from its unique address topographic conditions, the Temple River wide valley bed of the open riverbed is conducive to accommodate the layout of the project numerous buildings, the dam site bedrock for the hard granite, is the world's best recognized construction dam address structure, the heart of the river there is a long and narrow sandbanks - in the fortress island, will be the river divided into two, one side of the big river, on the other side of the river for the back of the river, for the dam to provide a staged construction, The conditions of phased diversion.
The total construction period of the Three Gorges Project is 17 years, from 1993 to 2009 we divided it into three phases.
The first phase of the Three Gorges Project was from 1993 to 1997. We excavated the Middle Castle Island and made a longitudinal cofferdam on it, and at the same time built a transverse cofferdam in the upper and lower reaches, so that the former Houhe River section was blocked into a pit in the shape of a mouth, and a 3726-meter channel with a width of 350 meters was artificially constructed within the scope of the first phase of the cofferdam pit, which is the famous channel of the diversion that undertakes the navigational task now. At the same time in the left bank of the waterless riverbed construction of temporary locks and vertical shipbuilding machine and other water part of the foundation excavation work, in the first phase of the project construction period, the Yangtze River in this section of the navigation is still by the main channel to undertake the big will. November 8, 1997 the river cut off marking the end of the first phase of the project and the second phase of the project began. At that time, the national leaders were present to watch the interception ceremony, and the CCTV made a full live broadcast, the interception of the Yangtze River made nearly two-thirds of the main channel of the Yangtze River formed a mouth-shaped cofferdam pit of the second phase, and today, you can overlook from the top of the altar ridge overlooking the upstream and downstream cofferdams as well as the construction of the pit scene. During the period from 1997 to 2003, we will drain the water in the pit, pour two-thirds of the barrage with concrete, install the floodgate, install the left bank generator set, and build the permanent locks and vertical boat lifts at the same time. During the construction period of the second phase of the project, the diversion nullahs will ensure the navigation of the Yangtze River, but as the diversion nullahs are only 350 meters wide, whenever the summer flood season comes, (the water flow rate of the large and small impacts on the water flow), the temporary locks and the temporary locks will be built. In 2003, the second phase of the project was completed, the water storage to 135 meters above sea level, the flood gate began to release flood water, the first units began to generate electricity, which is the main symbol of the completion of the second phase of the project. In 2003, we will install two units, and in each subsequent year we will add four more units, which is equivalent to adding one more Gezhouba power station each year. The permanent locks, which is a very large project, will be officially opened to traffic in 2003, and the 10,000-ton fleet will be able to sail into the locks. 2003 to 2009 will be the third phase of the Three Gorges Project, and we will enclose the now navigable diversion nullahs with cofferdams to form the cofferdam pits in the third phase, and the center of gravity will be shifted to the one-third of the diversion nullahs on the right bank of the Yangtze River, and we will pour the remaining one-third of the dam section, completing the right bank. We will pour the remaining one-third of the dam section and complete the construction of the right bank post-dam plant and the installation of the units. Seven years from now, when you come back to visit the dam area, the dam will be as majestic as the model shows. The investment required for the Three Gorges Project is 90.9 billion yuan static (calculated on the basis of prices at the end of May 93), including 50.9 billion yuan for the hub project and 40 billion yuan for the reservoir immigration project, but taking into account prices, interest and other factors, the dynamic investment required is 203.9 billion yuan. Three Gorges Project construction in the 11th year (2003) after the first batch of units to generate power generation revenue, to 2005, the year's power generation revenue plus the Three Gorges Project Construction Fund and Gezhouba Power Plant profit income and the year's dynamic investment needs to reach a balance, i.e., 2005 for the Fund Balance Year, 2006, Three Gorges Project funds surplus, began to repay the principal and interest of the loan, 2010 can pay off the full principal and interest of the loan. In 2010, the loan principal and interest will be repaid in full. Although the dynamic investment of the Three Gorges Project amounts to more than 200 billion, as long as the Three Gorges Power Station plays a huge role in generating electricity, within five years, we can recover the cost, then it can be said that the Three Gorges Project not only brings us light, but also creates wealth, and the economic benefits are very significant. The construction of the Three Gorges Project also has a contribution from you, because part of your electricity bill will be used as a special fund for the construction of the Three Gorges Project. It can be said that your home light gun, you will be for the construction of the Three Gorges Project to contribute to the construction of the best.
In the downstream direction of the Three Gorges Dam, there is a beautifully designed bridge, the Xiling Yangtze River Bridge, whose shape is similar to the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco on the west coast of the United States. Xiling Yangtze River Bridge belongs to the fourth generation of bridges - suspension bridges, bridge deck with 4 lanes, in August 10, 1996 was opened to traffic. It is characterized by no bridge, by two pylons and two cables to bear the weight of its load capacity of 290 tons, the bridge body is 1118. 66 meters, the span of China's third for 900 meters (the first two were Hong Kong's Tsing Ma Cross-Harbour Bridge, Jiangsu Jiangyin Yangtze River Bridge), the bridge at both ends of the pylons at an elevation of 187. 5 meters above sea level, only higher than the future of the dam 2. 5 meters above sea level, you if you are interested, you can cross a bridge on the way back. If you are interested, you can cross the Xiling Yangtze River Bridge on your way back to experience how high the future dam will be. Perhaps you have noticed that the color of the bridge is orange-red, so why do we make the color of the bridge orange-red? The reasons are manifold. First, the orange color is bright and eye-catching, which is conducive to navigation; Second, the orange color represents wealth and good luck. Third, Yichang is nationally known as the hometown of citrus.
The bridge below the river green belt for the artificial construction of the river embankment, 3750 meters long, it will be the river into two, now you can see "half of the River Serenity half of the river red" scene, and in the future, the river embankment on one side of the dynamic water area, high head flooding can be viewed when the thundering waves, waves lapping at the shore, the other side of the static water area, the boat is kept, smooth and quiet, and the other side of the river, the other side of the static water area, the other side of the river, the other side of the river, the other side of the river. The other side will be a quiet water area to keep the boat running smoothly and quietly. This is the so-called "dynamic water power generation, quiet water navigation".
In the model, you can also see another bridge - Qinjiatuo Bridge, is the main channel in and out of the second phase of the construction site, a large number of sand and gravel materials, mechanical and electrical equipment and personnel material constantly through it to the mouth-shaped cofferdam pit. It is the largest load-bearing bridge in Asia, with a maximum load capacity of 690 tons. (The weight of each unit is about 600 tons)
The future Three Gorges Dam area will become a beautiful tourist resort with complete leisure and entertainment facilities. When the time comes, we welcome you to visit the Three Gorges Dam area again and look forward to traveling with you again! Now please proceed to the Tanling Observation Deck to enjoy the panoramic view of the dam area. If you still have any questions, please feel free to ask I will try my best to answer questions for everyone.
Finally, thank you for your interest in the Three Gorges Project! Thank you for doing your part for the Three Gorges Project!
;