In the early 1980s, in the bidding process of selecting a new type of missile frigate for troops stationed in China, the scheme submitted by 70 1, a research unit of Type 037 submarine, was defeated by 708 Type 037-II missile frigate (037-II, which NATO called "Red Arrow"). However, although the number of this class boat is also 037, in fact, this class boat has no inheritance relationship with the 037 submarine family, and even the number of propeller shafts is three instead of the four that the 037 series has always maintained. However, due to the high price of the 037-II missile escort boat and the great demand for the missile escort boat, the navy finally re-purchased a new type of 037-IG, and NATO codenamed "Red Star".
Throughout the development history of 037, the improvement of 037 family has never stopped. From the southern type with air conditioning, the northern type with steam heating system, the southern type and the northern type with foreign aid, they are all developed to adapt to the climatic environment in different regions, to the modification of naval medical rescue boats and fast lifeboats, and even the gas turbine power type 037G that has not yet been put into production. Its family has many members and different equipment. After entering the 1980s, with the beginning of military exchanges with the West, the first generation of the important improved 037-I submarine of 037 appeared in front of people. This type of boat is appropriately lengthened on the basis of 037 and its weapons and equipment are adjusted. On the 037-I, dazzling new equipment such as double 30 mm anti-aircraft guns and legal towed sonar appeared. Type 037-I submarine is called "sea pigeon" class by NATO.
After the completion of the 037 submarine, considering the lack of seaworthiness of the submarine in the South China Sea, an improvement idea was put forward at the end of 1974. The basic idea is to draw lessons from experience, lengthen the 62-type high-speed escort boat by 2 meters, install weapons and equipment, expand the oil-water capacity and improve the endurance without obviously reducing the speed. The working group of Shanghai Qiuxin Shipyard No.701Institute completed the preliminary scheme demonstration of the 037 modified boat in1974165438+1October, but for various reasons, this work has not been implemented. Until 1978, with the approval of the navy, the design and trial-production task of the modified boat (code 037-I) was formally put forward to the Sixth Machinery Department.
The 037-I boat increased the displacement by about 45 tons, increased the oil and water quantity by about 30 tons, improved the endurance and self-sustaining, and improved the livability. Set up a longitudinal refueling device at sea to meet the needs of marine replenishment; Replacing the original 1 10V DC with 380V AC not only lightens the weight of the electrical equipment of the whole boat, but also conforms to the development of marine electrical appliances. After adding fin stabilizer, the seaworthiness of the ship is improved; The sonar and 30 mm automatic gun system were replaced, which improved the operational performance of anti-submarine air defense; Anti-submarine weapon is equipped with a new type of rocket depth charge, and a director department is added to form an anti-submarine weapon system, which improves the speed and hit rate of submarine attack; The operational command and control of the boat's weapon system have been improved, and the tactical and technical performance of the boat has been improved.
The trial production of the first boat 037-I (ship number 688) started on 198 1 and the trial operation started on 1982. Some problems were found and improved. 1983 was completed, and 1984 was delivered to the troops at the beginning. Subsequently, it was put into mass production, and some boats participated in the Nansha patrol mission and withstood the test. This kind of boat is called "sea dove" class in the west.
The captain of 037-I is 62.8 meters, with a full load displacement of 450 tons, and its endurance reaches 1750 nautical miles/18 knots, but its speed is slightly reduced to 28 knots, and its staffing is 7 1 person.
The original 6 1 dual-mounted 25mm naval gun of Model 037-I was replaced by the dual-mounted 30mm automatic small-caliber naval gun weapon system copied from Soviet AK-230. The gun was originally introduced with the 02 1 boat (known as the "Bumblebee" class missile boat in the west). At that time, due to the incomplete information of the double 30 guns, the localization time was very long. 1976 domestic double 30 guns were first equipped on the 02 1 boat, and the double 30 guns were fully automatic until. The matched fire control radar is installed in the same spherical radome as 02 1 boat at the top of the podium. Compared with Type 037, the air defense capability of the modified boat is improved, and the firepower to the sea is also improved accordingly.
The superstructure of this type of boat is enlarged, and the front and rear deck rooms are connected by continuous deck, and the connecting part is equipped with a large tripod main mast. The first boat 037-I has a small chimney at the top of the back deck room, which makes it obviously different from other similar boats. However, due to the inconvenience found in use, later boats were changed back to the original design. 1986, Qiuxin Shipyard added SS 12 deep sonar of French Thomson Company to No.688, which enhanced the anti-submarine detection capability of the boat. Therefore, the rear main gun and some anti-submarine weapons on the rear deck were dismantled, and at least one boat of the same type (ship number 693) was modified in the same way. 1987 modified the 12Ve23OzC-II medium-speed high-power diesel engine, the power reached more than 2500 horsepower, the total propulsion power was increased, and the boat speed was increased by two sections.
The 037-I boat is still in a low degree of automation, the main gun is still operated manually, the open-air command mode is backward, and the working conditions of personnel are poor. It can only be a "transition boat" before the new ship is put into service. With the reduction of the threat of large-scale war and the increase of the threat of low-intensity conflict, the navy's requirements for Type 037 boats have undergone a series of changes. This led to the birth of the last member of the 037 family with relatively large output, which was called "Christina" class 037-IS submarine by NATO. The design of this class boat is still based on the 037-I submarine, but the appearance and equipment have been greatly adjusted.
037-IS large antisubmarine escort boat is manufactured by Shanghai Qiuxin Shipyard. The displacement is 478 tons and the maximum speed is 28 knots. The 037-IS submarine is the last member of the 037 series with a relatively large output, and its appearance and armament have been greatly adjusted compared with the original 037 submarine.
The further improvement of Type 037-I is called Type 037-IS, and the full-load displacement is increased to 478 tons on the basis of Type 037-I.. The improved 037-I hull, integrated superstructure and closed bridge are adopted, and the first two types of three-legged lattice masts are changed into slightly backward-leaning integral masts similar to Russian "Poisonous Spider" class missile boats.
The biggest change is the thorough update of military equipment. The 66-type double 57 gun used as the main gun on the first two types of boats was replaced by the 76-type double-mounted 37mm automatic naval gun, which is the standard equipment of China Navy. This naval gun has high firing rate and high degree of automation, and the gun position only needs 1 gunner operation. The early 037-IS boat was equipped with open double 37 guns, and later it was changed to 76A double 37 guns, using a fully enclosed turret. Later, 76F double 37 guns were installed on the ship. At the top of the superstructure, a 1 photoelectric director is also installed for naval gun fire control, making it a double 37-gun weapon system, which greatly improves the shooting accuracy.
The 037-IS boat cancelled the auxiliary gun and installed two twin 14.5mm carrier-based guns in the original gun position.
The bow of the boat adopts two new 87-type six-pack anti-submarine rocket depth charge launchers, replacing the four five-pack anti-submarine rocket depth charge launchers of the first two types of boats, which can be loaded automatically, and the supporting rockets have a longer depth charge range. At the same time, the depth charge launchers and depth charge dropping racks equipped on the original two types of boats are cancelled.
On the surface, 037-IS's firepower to the sea is greatly reduced, which seems to be contrary to the tradition that China Navy always attaches importance to firepower to the sea. However, the information reflected in it is quite intriguing: In the past, 037 was actually used by the China Navy as the main battle equipment, and its tasks had to be completed by frigates and even destroyers. It is only because China's navy is under-equipped and lacks large destroyers that the 037 boat has to be pushed to the position of main battle equipment. With the development of China's naval equipment, new destroyers have been put into service. The task of anti-submarine warfare has been given to destroyers with more advanced performance. The task of Type 037 has been changed to patrol, protect fishing and search and rescue. In fact, it is the original task of gunboats. In this way, it is enough for 037-IS to deal with the so-called "low-intensity conflict" with double 37 guns, and the unification with the main battle equipment also brings great benefits to logistics support.
Type 037 -IS has been repositioned as a patrol boat with limited anti-submarine function from the prototype anti-submarine speedboat with "escort" as the main feature, which is more universal and practical, with about 26 ships in active service. As an excellent cheap patrol boat, 037 will be able to shoulder the heavy responsibility of defending the maritime rights and interests of the motherland. 037-IG (Red Star) large missile frigate, with active ship numbers: 7 15, 7 16, 7 17, 7 18, 7 19, 751~.
Displacement: 478 tons
Main dimensions: 65m long, 7.2m wide and 2.3m draught.
Power: 4 diesel engines, 13000 horsepower.
Speed: 32 knots
Endurance: 1300 km
Establishment: 60 people
Missiles: two YJ-8 1(C80 1) ship-to-ship missiles.
Artillery: 2 guns for 37mm /63 double automatic naval guns and 2 guns for 14.5mm double machine guns.
According to Foreign Intelligence Review, China Navy began to improve the 037-II Red Arrow missile frigate with Russian AK 176-M guns. At present, it is found on the latest 774 boat that the 7A37mm dual-loading gun originally equipped for this class boat has been replaced by AK176-M-M. It is reported that this improvement obviously hopes to improve the attack capability of the 037-II class escort boat on the surface boat target. AK 176-M naval gun has a caliber of 76.2 mm and a firing rate of 60 ~ 120 rounds per minute. The same kind of ammunition is automatically loaded, and there are always 152 rounds of ammunition in the two channels. Controlled by two people, the weight of the whole system is 16.5 tons. Maximum voyage15.5km. The shooting height is 1 1.5 km. The name of the fire control radar is MR 120-02, and it has a TV tracking system. However, MR 123-2 was not found on the 774 ship, and the I-band radar called Mi Deng by NATO was still used, which was originally used to guide the 76A. Type 037 submarine is exported to Bangladesh, Egypt and Algeria because of its low cost and moderate performance, which is very suitable for the offshore defense needs of some developing countries in the world.
The 57 mm naval gun at the tail of the 037 submarine can be converted into a missile launcher. Later, several batches of this class boats of China Navy were equipped with triangular foremast and short pile mainmast. This modification is the first batch of this class boats equipped by the Myanmar Navy.
Details of the equipment on the exported Type 037 submarine:
Radar: Search the sea surface-"hooded" or "bald" search radar; Navigation-Pathfinder Navigation Radar (Myanmar), Dika Navigation Radar System (Egypt)
Sonar: Barker and Tamir 1 1 Ship Sonar (Bangladesh);
Electronic warfare: domestic BM/HZ86 10 electronic support system.
Missiles: 4 sets of YJ- 1(C-80 1) anti-ship missile launchers, which can replace the rear 57mm gun (China, optional).
Artillery: 4 domestic 57 mm /70 guns (2 double guns); Four Soviet 25mm /60 guns in front of the gate (two twin guns and two Egyptian 23mm twin guns)
Torpedo: 6 323mm torpedo tubes (2 triplets, 2 equipped by Egyptian navy); Mk44 or Marconi stingray torpedo.
Depth charge: 2 BMB-2 depth charge launchers; 2 deep charging and conveying guide rails.
Bait: 2 PK 16 jamming transmitters (North Korea)
The export quantity is as follows: Bangladesh1; 8 ships in Egypt; 6 North Korean ships; Myanmar 10 ship; Sri Lanka 1.
According to the report of Russian Military Equality Network on February 2nd 1994, China supplied 50 C-80 1 (NATO code: CSS-N-4) anti-ship missiles from 1995 to 1997.