I think it's because of the development of the Dutch colonies, the early industrialization, and the strong industrial base.
Nowadays, not only Holland, but also small countries like Switzerland, Finland and Norway have many world-class companies. As to why Holland can produce so many world-class companies, I think there are several reasons: Holland was one of the first trading nations in the world, and as early as 1600, the Dutch merchant marine was famous all over the world. Although trade is not as strong as it used to be, the Netherlands is still one of the most important trading nations in the world. Goods are pending business in the Netherlands. For example, the Netherlands ranked fifth in the world in the ranking of actual imports and exports of goods in 2018. Thanks to a highly developed trading system, many Dutch companies are now oriented towards the global market.
Half of the Dutch economy is dependent on trade, with exports and services totaling around 55 percent of GDP. It is therefore not surprising that despite the small size of the territory, the Dutch do business all over the world, thus giving birth to many international companies. The ability of Dutch companies to go global is closely linked to the country's well-developed financial environment. Currently, the Netherlands also has a global reputation in finance and insurance. For example, ABN AMRO, ABN AMRO, Rabobank and ABN AMRO are located all over the world. Among the 25 largest banks, the Dutch insurance company AEGON is the third largest in the world. These Dutch financial institutions have a global presence and provide very useful support to Dutch companies in their expansion into the global market. The colony developed relatively early and had a solid industrial base.
Since the 16th century, the Netherlands had established many colonies around the world and accumulated a lot of money. With this money, Holland could strongly recommend Holland to industrialize, so Holland's industrial development was still very early. While many families entered the agricultural era, Holland manufactured many advanced technologies, such as artillery. Therefore, what Holland can achieve today is inextricably linked to its strong industrial and trade base.