Construction projects generally go through four stages and five approval procedures from planned construction to completion and commissioning, namely: four stages of project determination, design, construction and completion acceptance; project proposal, feasibility study There are five approval procedures for reports, design tasks, preliminary designs and start-up reports. The feasibility study review is to use scientific evaluation methods to analyze and predict the risks, types and types of harmful factors in the construction project in accordance with national laws, regulations, standards and specifications on the safety facilities in the feasibility study report. Based on the degree of hazards and hazards, scientific, reasonable and feasible safety technical measures and management countermeasures are proposed as the main basis for the design of safety facilities and safety management of the construction project in the preliminary design of the construction project, and as a reference for the national work safety management department when conducting supervision.
The content of the review mainly includes the main dangerous and harmful factors that may occur during the production process, the expected degree of risk, the factors causing the hazard and their location or area, the number of employees who may be exposed to dangerous and harmful factors, use and production The names and quantities of the main toxic and harmful substances, flammable and explosive substances, special investment estimates for safety measures, the expected effects of achieving control measures, problems and solutions in technology investment, etc. The preliminary design review is based on the feasibility study report, conducts a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the special article according to relevant standards and specifications, and puts forward conclusive opinions on the safety aspects of the construction project. The tone of the preliminary design review should be implementation-oriented.
Review the safety special chapter in the preliminary design, mainly including the following contents:
1. Design basis
(1) National, local government and competent authorities Relevant regulations;
(2) Main technical specifications, procedures, standards and other basis adopted.
2. Project Overview
(1) The tasks and scope of this project design;
(2) The nature, geographical location and special requirements of the project;
(3) Overview of safety facilities before reconstruction and expansion;
(4) Overview of main processes, raw materials, semi-finished products, finished products, equipment and main hazards.
3. Building and site layout
(1) The main risk factors and preventive measures predicted based on the natural conditions of the site such as meteorology, geology, lightning, heavy rain, floods, earthquakes, etc. .
(2) The impact of the surrounding conditions of the factory on the safety of the factory and the preventive measures.
(3) The overall layout of the factory, such as the boiler room, oxygen station, acetylene station, etc., as well as the impact of flammable, explosive and toxic materials warehouses on the safety of the entire factory and the preventive measures.
(4) Safety of passages and transportation within the factory area.
(5) Safety distance, lighting, ventilation, sun exposure, etc. of buildings in the overall design.
(6) Auxiliary rooms include the first aid room, medical room, bathroom, changing room, rest room, lactation room, and female workers’ health room.
4. Analysis of occupational hazardous factors in the production process
(1) Main toxic and hazardous substances used and produced in the production process, including raw materials, materials, intermediates, by-products, Type name and quantity of products, toxic gases, dust, etc.
(2) The production location and extent of harmful operations such as high temperature, high pressure, flammable, explosive, radiation, vibration, and noise during the production process.
(3) The type, model and quantity of equipment with greater risk factors in the production process.
(4) The number of people who may be exposed to occupational hazards and the extent of the damage.
5. Main preventive measures adopted in the design of safety facilities
(1) In processes and devices, the process routes determined based on a comprehensive analysis of various hazard factors and the selection of reliable devices and equipment , including pressure relief, explosion-proof and other safety facilities and necessary testing and inspection facilities set up according to the classification of production and fire hazards.
(2) Select the safe distance of electrical equipment and facilities such as lightning protection, anti-static and misoperation prevention according to the category, level and scope of explosion and fire hazard places.
(3) Automatic control system and protective measures for emergency shutdown and accident handling during the production process.
(4) Describe the rescue, evacuation methods and emergency measures in the event of an accident or acute poisoning in a highly dangerous production process.
(5) Briefly describe the equipment (or parts) that generate dust poisons in each process of the production process and the types and names of dust poisons, the dust poison hazards, and the protective equipment used to prevent dust poison hazards, facilities and their effects, etc.
(6) Cooling, noise reduction and vibration reduction measures, protective equipment performance and testing and inspection facilities that are often used in high-temperature, high-noise, and high-vibration working environments.
(7) Improve facilities for heavy physical labor intensity.
6. Evaluation of expected effects
Propose a special report and comprehensive evaluation of the measures taken to control major safety hazards.
7. Security organization setup and staffing situation
(1) Security organization setup and staffing situation.
(2) Repair, maintenance, daily monitoring and inspection personnel.
(3) Safety education facilities and personnel.
8. Special investment budget
(1) Safety facility costs for major production links.
(2) Testing equipment and facility costs.
(3) Safety education equipment and facility costs.
(4) Expenses for accident emergency measures.
9. Existing problems and suggestions
Existing problems and suggestions must be listed and are important content. The completion acceptance review is a comprehensive and systematic analysis and review of the engineering quality of safety facilities and the implementation of the plan in accordance with the contents and requirements stipulated in the safety chapter, and an evaluation of the effectiveness of safety measures in the construction project. Completion acceptance review is mandatory.
During the debugging stage of production equipment, the construction unit should debug and assess safety facilities and measures at the same time, and evaluate their effects. During personnel training, safety content must be included and sound safety rules and regulations must be established.
During the commissioning phase of production equipment, the production safety supervision and management department conducts pre-acceptance of the safety facilities of the construction project. For work positions with high physical labor intensity and serious dust and poisonous hazards, relevant occupational safety and health monitoring agencies must be entrusted to measure the physical labor intensity, dust and poisonous hazard levels in accordance with relevant national standards, and the measurement results shall be used as a basis for evaluating safety facilities. Engineering technical effects and basis for completion acceptance. For the identified hidden dangers, the construction unit will formulate a plan and make rectifications within a time limit.
Eliminating hazards through design is an important component and basic principle of system safety, and is also the focus of safety review.
Performing a safety review is to ensure that hazards are minimized as much as possible in the early design stages. The review itself includes analysis, evaluation, supervision and inspection of the safety of the engineering project. In order to ensure the safety of modern production, new and higher requirements have been put forward for safety review, that is, scientific and engineering principles, standards and technical knowledge must be used to identify, eliminate or control hazards in the system, establish necessary system safety management organizations, and formulate Develop a system safety program plan and apply scientific analysis methods to ensure the realization of system safety objectives. Therefore, doing a good job in safety review of engineering projects is the joint responsibility of the management department, design department, supervision and inspection department and construction unit. It is also an important mission of the majority of engineering technicians and safety professionals. ?