Contents
01 Overview of natural gas
02 Gas Facility Awareness and Maintenance
03 Safe Use of Natural Gas
1.04 Safety Laws
05 Concluding Remarks
A. Overview of Natural Gas
What is natural gas?
Natural gas is a kind of combustible gas, which is produced in the oil fields, coal fields and swamps, is buried in the underground rebirth, is formed after billions of years of high pressure, high temperature and other effects. According to the source of natural gas can be divided into four: gas wells natural gas, oil associated gas, condensate gas and mine gas, that is, from the gas wells extracted out of the gas field gas, or pure natural gas: along with the oil extracted out of the oil gas, also known as oil associated with the gas; containing petroleum light fractions of the condensate gas field gas; from the underground coal beds extracted from the coal mine mine gas
(a) the composition of natural gas
Water vapors: Natural gas often contains saturated amounts of water vapor
Part of the inert gases: contains a small amount of hydrogen, nitrogen, argon, etc.
Part of the inorganic gases: contains a small amount of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, etc.
Hydrocarbon gases: the main component of methane, with a small amount of ethane, propane, butane, etc.
(ii) the characteristics of natural gas: natural gas as an Natural gas has been widely used as an efficient, clean and high-quality fuel. The calorific value of natural gas is about 2.3 times higher than that of artificial gas, and the main component of natural gas is methane, the content of which is more than 90% clean. Natural gas has colorless, tasteless, flammable and explosive characteristics, combustion must have oxygen to help, at the same time will produce a large amount of carbon dioxide gas, such as the use of natural gas for a long time in the use of confined space to stay, it will result in the death of personnel room breathing. When the natural gas content in the air between 5% -15%, when encountered with open flames will occur flash explosion.
Natural gas characteristics
1 colorless? 2 non-toxic 3 odorless 4 high calorific value 5 flammable and explosive 6 clean
(C) the superiority of natural gas: reliability
1) LPG with the fluctuations in oil prices and up and down, natural gas is a one-time energy extracted from the gas field, so the price is more stable.
(2) Natural gas sales price is the state pricing, long-term stability, less fluctuation
(3) Natural gas is the use of pipeline transportation, into the household pressure is small, the supply is safe, smooth, continuous and reliable.
(3) the superiority of natural gas: security
(1) the density of liquefied petroleum gas is heavier than air, leakage downward precipitation, should not be diffused, in the case of open flames will cause combustion or explosion. The density of natural gas is lighter than air, leaks immediately diffuse into the atmosphere, it is difficult to accumulate, not easy to cause combustion and explosion. In the correct use of the premise, is relatively safe.
(2) In the transmission of natural gas will be added to the process of micro-odorant, rotten egg flavor, trace leaks can be smelled because of the odor and timely detection.
(3) bottled liquefied petroleum gas, gasoline, diesel and other fuels, need to be stored in order to use, once the accident occurred fire rescue work difficult, and natural gas pipeline delivery valve control, if the accident occurs, you can immediately shut down the valve, cut off the gas pipeline. Favorable fire rescue work.
(D) the dangers of natural gas
Gas explosion scene pictures
October 10, 2015, Wuhu Lake, Anhui, a gas tank explosion shocked the country, the city of Mirror Lake District, Yangjia Lane, a private restaurant liquefied petroleum gas tanks exploded, instantly triggered a fire, so far, has resulted in 17 deaths. Gas tanks are no strangers, many families and restaurants and street vendors rely on it to cook. But this accident is a warning that if you don't pay attention to the safety of gas, the gas we use to cook will probably become a deadly weapon, causing us great personal injury and property damage.
How powerful is a gas canister explosion?
, in this accident in Guanhu, the restaurant after the explosion of smoke and fire, but there are still a lot of people "ignorant" to gather near the onlookers, at this time, the restaurant and the second explosion, the power of the gas canister explosion is fatal, it will instantly produce two destructions. Beginning of the tank rupture physical explosion, liquid petroleum gas instantly expanded 250-300 times into a gaseous state, resulting in a shock wave, like a landmine explosion. Become gaseous LPG quickly mixed with the air, when the concentration in the air down to 3% -11%, such as open flame, will produce a chemical explosion, the entire space explosion burning, resulting in a huge shockwave, resulting in a secondary disaster. If people inhale this explosive gas, will make the respiratory tract and lung tissue burns, terrible. According to statistics, a can of household liquefied petroleum gas explosion is equivalent to the power of about 145 kg of TNT explosives, and 1 kg of TNT explosives can almost blow up a two-story bungalow, 145 kg of TNT equivalent of liquefied petroleum gas explosion can be imagined.
Second, the understanding of gas facilities and maintenance
Gas metering
Used for the measurement of the amount of gas users, it is strictly prohibited to dismantle, maintenance, modification, removal of gas measuring instruments.
Gas regulator: used to regulate the pressure of gas supply to the gas equipment. No special circumstances shall not be tampered with, it is strictly prohibited to hit, destroy, climb, etc.
Gas shut-off valve; and combustible gas leakage monitoring instruments connected. When the instrument detects the leakage of combustible gases, automatically and quickly close the main gas supply valve, cut off the supply of gas to stop the occurrence of malicious accidents.
The gas alarm utilizes the principle of hot-wire semiconductor sensor, once the gas leakage occurs, it will be automatically alarmed and discharged. The gas leakage alarm has the following two main functions:
The first: sound and light alarm type, when the leakage occurs, the buzzer sounds the alarm, the red light is on, to remind people that the leakage accident has occurred.
The second type: alarm off-exhaust type, it has the first function in addition, there is automatically connected to the exhaust equipment or off-exhaust hood circuit device, once the leakage occurs, in the sound and light alarm at the same time can automatically open the exhaust fan, will be toxic and harmful combustible gases discharged to the outdoors in a timely manner.
Combustible gas alarm control system
(Wang Lei PS When the environment of combustible or toxic gas leakage, when the gas alarm detected that the gas concentration reaches the critical point of the explosion or poisoning alarm settings, combustible gas alarm will send out an alarm signal to remind the staff to take safety measures and drive the exhaust, cut off the intake, to prevent the occurrence of explosions, fires, and poisoning accidents. The company's products and services are designed to meet the needs of the market.)
Notes on the use of gas alarm system:
1 Do not use sharp or metal objects to knock, hit, equipment and display part of the box
2 Frequent switching operations
3 Do not change the internal circuitry of the equipment and the access to power supply part of the access or other linkage equipment output
4 Users are not allowed to change the combustible gas alarm controller and detector installation location
4 Users are not allowed to change the combustible gas alarm controller and detector installation location
4 Users are not allowed to change the combustible gas alarm system. Alarm controller and detector installation location
5 This system is a full-day monitoring equipment in addition to the necessary maintenance needs shall not be shut down
6 non-professionals are prohibited to open the cover, must be disconnected before opening
7 can not enter the water, can not be exposed to long-term water vapor-intensive places to avoid contact with oil, corrosive liquids
A safe gas control three factors
A gas Control of three elements
1 human unsafe behavior such as: unauthorized removal, maintenance, destruction of gas equipment and facilities.
2 unsafe state of things for example: the night has been in the open state of the valve in front of the stove
3 environmental unsafe factors for example: the site of the high temperature and high humidity environment
People's unsafe behavior control
1 formulate the applicable natural gas safety use of the management system, with a comprehensive system of the agreement of the people's incorrect behavior:
2 Leadership Attach great importance to the effective implementation of the safety responsibility system:
3 Regular safety education, and strive to improve the safety awareness of practitioners
4 Designate a person responsible for on-site management, regular inspection and maintenance of natural gas facilities:
The unsafe state of the object control
1 Regular inspection of the gas facilities and equipment, to eliminate potential safety hazards, and to prevent the occurrence of safety accidents
2, listen. If the leak is serious, you can hear the sound of leakage from a distance.
3, look. After the gas equipment is turned off, the flow meter if the word go, indicating that there is a leak.
4, check. Brush with soapy water in the pipeline connection leakage detection, if found to have bubbles appear, indicating that there is a leakage point.
Note: Do not use open flame leak detection!
(C) found that the gas leak how to deal with
1, when you find indoor gas facilities or gas appliances there is a natural gas leak, please follow the steps below
First of all, to use a wet towel to cover your nose and mouth, and then quickly open
windows and doors to ventilate the air, so that fresh air comes in, reduce the concentration of gas leaks indoors
and Close the gas valve quickly to prevent further gas leaks
. At the same time, it is absolutely forbidden to do anything that could cause a spark:
You can't turn on the lights, you can't turn on the range hood or the exhaust fan, you can't light a fire
, and you can't make a phone call from indoors. When you see the gas valve has
been on fire, do not panic, the first purpose is to urgently close the valve
, do not be afraid to let it burn, which in turn will cause an explosion
Due to gas combustion generated by the temperature is very high, so, in the process of closing the valve
door, you must wear a wet cloth gloves, or with a wet apron
skirt, towel, or rag to wrap your arms to prevent burns from the fire. Valve shut
Immediately after the closure of the valve to run to fresh air, to ensure their safety
and as soon as possible to call the gas company. 95007
Why can not turn on the lights of the gas leak
Ordinary switch between the contact points is air as insulation, because air has good edge performance. General electricians believe that 1mm of air spacing can withstand a voltage of 1kv, but in the process of switching the two ends of the voltage is relatively high (mains voltage), and then in the process of switching the contact and separation, there will be a gradual separation and affixed to a process, in the affixed to the process of the air will be punctured because of the arc or sparks, so that the through the switch in the right concentration of gas leakage in the environment. can indeed ignite the gas and air condensed gas, leading to an explosion
So, when you turn on the lights, the moment the current is turned on will produce electric sparks, this electric sparks, although very small, we can not even see, but the temperature is not low, and instantaneous ignition of the leakage of the gas, which will lead to the explosion of the same reason for gas leakage in the scene can not be phoned
Household appliances produced when using the Although the total energy of the spark is very small, but its energy density is very large, which makes the spark can detonate to reach the explosive concentration of gas
2, when you find indoor gas facilities or gas appliances there is a natural gas leakage, do not carry out the following operations:
1, do not switch on the leakage site of any electrical appliances, do not press the doorbell.
2. Do not use a landline or cell phone at the leak site.
3. Do not use lighters or matches to light a fire to find a gas leak.
4, do not enter the room where the gas odor is particularly strong. To avoid gas room interest.
5. Do not deal with gas leaks on your own.
(D) industrial and commercial users of gas safety instructions
1. Before using gas burning appliances, attention should be paid to indoor air circulation, the surrounding environment is clean, should not be stored flammable and explosive and dangerous items, exhaust, smoke exhaust facilities are functioning properly and the water, electricity supply system is normal, to confirm that there are no abnormalities before the opening of the use of pipeline gas;
2. Natural gas valve before the main valve to make sure that all the gas valve in front of the stove has been closed
3. ignition, should strictly comply with the stove supplier to develop the stove operating methods; remember not to "gas and other fire"
4. normal use of the stove County, is strictly prohibited to adjust the flame is too small, to avoid the rabbit flame is blown out by the wind, the stove flame to use the hand to slowly adjust, is strictly prohibited to use a spatula Slowly adjusted, it is strictly prohibited to use a spatula or foot to adjust, it is strictly prohibited to leave a fire
5. shall not damage the gas pipeline and the application of the facilities of the operation
6. to develop the habit of closing the gas valve, gas combustion appliances each time you want to use to close the valve in front of the stove, off work to close the gas valve; to do "people go out of the fire valve shut down! "
7. Gas valve switch to arrange a person in charge.
Knowledge of the safe use of gas
1, in order to prevent poisoning and fire and explosion accidents, should pay attention to the following matters:
> 1) there is a gas pipeline through the installation of gas appliances, facilities, rooms are prohibited to live in or stacking of flammable and explosive substances and the use of other fuels of the fire source.
2) the correct use of gas facilities and gas appliances, gas operation room to maintain smooth ventilation and smoke conditions.
3) Strictly prohibit the use of gas facilities and gas appliances that have not been recognized by the gas management department and have reached the end of their useful life.
4) The screws at the handle of the ball valve are easy to loosen and leak, and should be tightened
5) Kitchen fumes are more corrosive, and the gas piping should be brushed with grease regularly to avoid serious rusting and corrosion, which can cause safety hazards:?