How to prevent occupational diseases

Occupational health management and protection measures of the employer in the labor processOccupational health protection measures include occupational disease hazard protection facilities, personal use of occupational disease protection supplies and occupational disease prevention and control management measures. Occupational disease hazard protection facilities are to prevent, eliminate or reduce occupational disease hazards in the workplace. Reduce the damage of occupational disease hazards to workers' health, and achieve the purpose of protecting workers' health facilities, devices or supplies. I. Management Measures for Prevention and Control of Occupational Diseases Employers shall take the following measures for prevention and control of occupational diseases in the course of labor: 1. Organizational and systematic management shall be implemented: (1) Setting up or designating occupational hygiene management institutions or organizations, and equipping them with full-time or part-time occupational hygiene professionals responsible for prevention and control of occupational diseases in their units; (2) Formulating occupational disease prevention and control plans and implementation programs; (3) Establishing and improving occupational hygiene management systems and operation procedures. 2. Occupational disease hazardous equipment and factors for warning instructions: (1) to provide the employer with equipment that may produce occupational disease hazards, should provide Chinese instructions, and set up in a conspicuous position in the equipment warning signs and warning instructions in Chinese. Warning instructions should be set out in the performance of the equipment, may produce occupational hazards, safe operation and maintenance of precautions, protection against occupational diseases, as well as emergency treatment measures, etc.; (2) to the employer to provide occupational hazards of chemicals, radioisotopes and radioactive materials containing radioactive substances should be provided with Chinese instructions. Product packaging should have conspicuous warning signs and Chinese warning instructions. The places where the above materials are stored shall be set up with dangerous goods signs or radioactive warning signs in the specified parts; (3) the employer shall set up warning signs at the place where the equipment and materials are placed and used.3. Establishment and soundness of occupational hygiene files and workers' health guardianship files. For workers engaged in operations exposed to the hazards of occupational diseases, the employer shall, in accordance with the provisions of the health administrative department of the State Council, organize occupational health check-ups before starting work, during the period of employment, and at the time of leaving work, and inform the workers of the results of the check-ups truthfully. The cost of the occupational health examination shall be borne by the employer. Occupational health examinations shall be undertaken by medical and health institutions approved by the health administrative department of the people's government at or above the provincial level. Occupational health supervision files established for workers shall be properly preserved for a specified period of time.4. Establish and improve the monitoring and evaluation system for occupational disease hazards in the workplace. Employers shall implement daily monitoring of occupational disease hazards by specialized personnel, and ensure that the monitoring system is in normal operation; they shall, in accordance with the provisions of the State Council's administrative department of health, regularly test and evaluate occupational disease hazards in the workplace, and the results of the tests and evaluations shall be deposited in the occupational health file of the employer, and regularly reported to the local administrative department of health and announced to the workers. Employers engaged in the use of highly toxic substances operations should be at least once a month on the highly toxic workplace occupational poisoning hazards detection; at least once every six months for occupational poisoning hazards control effect evaluation. Occupational disease hazards detection, evaluation by the lawfully established to obtain the provincial people's government health administrative department of the qualification certification of occupational health technical service organizations. 5. Regular occupational health knowledge training. The person in charge of an employing unit shall receive occupational health training, abide by the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of occupational diseases, and organize the prevention and control of occupational diseases of the unit in accordance with the law; he or she shall provide workers with occupational health training before starting their jobs and regular occupational health training during the period of their employment, popularize the knowledge of occupational health, supervise the workers in complying with the laws and regulations on the prevention and control of occupational diseases and their operating procedures, and instruct the workers to correctly use the protective equipment and the personal protective equipment against occupational diseases. The employer shall supervise workers to comply with the laws and regulations on the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and operating procedures, and instruct workers in the proper use of occupational disease protection equipment and occupational disease protection articles for personal use. 6. Employers shall not arrange for underage workers to engage in operations exposed to the hazards of occupational diseases; they shall not arrange for pregnant and nursing female workers to engage in operations that are hazardous to themselves, their fetuses and babies. 7. Establish and improve emergency rescue plans for accidents caused by occupational diseases. B. Occupational disease protection measures 1. Strengthen the facilities for protection and equipped with protective equipment. Employers should give priority to the use of new technologies, processes and materials that are conducive to the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases and the protection of workers' health, and gradually replace technologies, processes and materials that pose serious hazards of occupational diseases; they must adopt effective occupational disease protection facilities and provide workers with personal use of protective equipment that meets the requirements for the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases. 2. Announcement and notification. Employers who produce occupational disease hazards shall set up bulletin boards in conspicuous locations to publicize rules and regulations on the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases, operating procedures, emergency rescue measures for occupational disease hazards, and the results of testing of occupational disease hazards in the workplace. To produce serious occupational disease hazards in the workplace, should be in a conspicuous position, set up warning signs and warning instructions in Chinese. Warning instructions should be contained in the type of occupational disease hazards, consequences, prevention and emergency relief measures. When an employer enters into a labor contract (including employment contracts) with a worker, the employer shall truthfully inform the worker of the hazards of occupational diseases that may arise during the course of the work and their consequences, as well as the measures for the protection of occupational diseases and the treatment of the worker, and shall state this in the labor contract without concealing or deceiving the worker. If an employer violates the regulations, the worker has the right to refuse to engage in work that involves occupational disease hazards, and the employer may not terminate the employment contract with the worker as a result. Emergency treatment measures for acute occupational injuries may occur in toxic and hazardous workplaces, the employer shall set up alarm devices, configure on-site first-aid supplies, flushing equipment, emergency evacuation routes and the necessary danger relief areas. For the transportation and storage of radioactive workplaces and radioisotopes, the employer must configure protective equipment and alarm devices, and ensure that workers exposed to radiation wear personal dosimeters. The transfer of occupational disease hazards is prohibited. No unit or individual may produce, operate, import or use equipment or materials that may produce occupational disease hazards that are expressly prohibited by the state. Operations that produce occupational disease hazards shall not be transferred to units and individuals that do not have the conditions for occupational disease protection. Employers should be aware of the occupational hazards of the technologies, processes and materials they use, and if they conceal the hazards of the technologies, processes and materials they use, they shall be held liable for the consequences of the occupational hazards they cause.