The concept of automation is a dynamic development process. In the past, people's understanding of automation or the functional goal of automation is to replace human operation with mechanical action to automatically complete specific operations. This is essentially the view that automation replaces human manual labor. Later, with the development of electronic and information technology, especially with the emergence and wide application of computers, the concept of automation has been expanded to use machines (including computers) not only to replace human physical labor but also to replace or assist in the mental labor, in order to automatically complete a specific operation.
The broad connotation of automation includes at least the following points: in the form of manufacturing automation has three meanings: instead of human physical labor, instead of or to assist human mental labor, manufacturing systems, and the whole system of human-computer coordination, management, control and optimization. In terms of function, automation to replace human physical or mental labor is only part of the system of functional objectives of automation. The functional objectives of automation is multi-faceted, has formed an organic system. In terms of scope, manufacturing automation is not only related to the specific manufacturing process, but involves the product life cycle All processes.
Automation is a comprehensive science and technology involving more disciplines and a wide range of applications. As a systems engineering, it consists of five units:
1, the program unit
2, the role of the unit
3, sensing unit
4, the development of the unit
5, the control unit
Process automation: petroleum refining and chemical industry, such as the automation of the chemical treatment of fluids or powders. Generally used by the process control system consisting of detectors, regulators and computers, etc., on the heating furnace, distillation tower and other equipment or the entire plant for optimal control. The main control methods used are feedback control, feed-forward control and optimal control.
Mechanical manufacturing automation: this is the result of mechanization, electrification and automatic control,
Management automation: factories or institutions, people, money, materials, production, office and other business management automation, is the core of information processing as a comprehensive technology that involves electronic computers, communication systems and control and other disciplines. Generally used by multiple computers with high-speed processing of large amounts of information and a variety of terminals composed of local networks. Modern management information systems have been developed on the basis of decision support systems (DSS), for senior management decision-making to provide alternative programs.
Impact on society Automation is an important aspect of the new technological revolution. The research, application and promotion of automation technology will have a far-reaching impact on human production and life style. Automation of the production process and office automation can greatly improve social productivity and efficiency, save energy and raw material consumption, ensure product quality, improve labor conditions, improve the production process and management system, accelerate the transformation of the industrial structure of society and the process of social informatization.
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