First, the laboratory fire safety
1. Laboratory must store a certain amount of fire equipment, fire equipment must be placed in a visible location for easy access, designated management, all personnel to care for the fire equipment, and according to the requirements of the regular inspection and replacement.
2. Laboratory memory of all flammable, explosive substances (such as hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, etc.) must be kept at a certain distance from the fire source, the power supply, and shall not be stacked at random. The use and storage of flammable and explosive substances in the laboratory, fireworks are strictly prohibited.
3. Do not connect and pull wires, not overloaded with electricity, the laboratory shall not have *** the head of the wire, is strictly prohibited to use metal wire instead of fuse; power switch box shall not be stacked items.
4. Electrical devices and lines, plugs and sockets should be frequently checked to maintain good condition, found that may cause sparks, short circuit, heat and insulation damage, aging and other conditions must be notified to the electrician for repair. Electric heaters, electric ovens and other devices should be made to go off the electricity.
5. The use of soldering iron, to be placed on the non-combustible insulation bracket, should not be piled up around the combustible materials, immediately after the use of the power plug.
6. Combustible gas cylinders and combustible gas cylinders shall not be placed mixed, a variety of cylinders shall not be close to the heat
source, open flame, sun protection measures, prohibit collision and knocking, to keep the paint mark intact, the special bottle dedicated. The use of flammable gas cylinders, generally should be placed outdoors in a cool and air-conditioned place, with a pipeline into the room,
Hydrogen, oxygen and acetylene can not be mixed in one place, and the use of fire sources to maintain a distance of more than 10m. All cylinders must have a fixed device to prevent dumping
7. Laboratory without approval, for the record, may not use high-power electrical devices, so as not to exceed the electrical load.
8. Strictly prohibited in the building corridors stacked items to ensure that the fire ventilation.
Second, laboratory chemical safety
1. All levels and types of laboratory chemicals used by the school must be unified organization to purchase any laboratory and individuals may not purchase their own. Acquisition of highly toxic and easy to make drugs need to be licensed by the public security department, with a license to purchase.
2. Chemicals should be categorized and stored, the interaction of drugs can not be mixed, must be isolated storage. All drugs must have a clear label, storage room and cabinet must be kept neat and clean. There are special properties of the drugs must be stored according to its characteristics requirements. No name, deterioration and expiration of the drugs should be promptly cleaned up and destroyed. Laboratory shall not store highly toxic drugs.
3. Dangerous chemicals containers should be clearly marked or labeled. Fire, moisture easily burn, explosion or toxic gases of hazardous chemicals, shall not be stored in the open air, damp, leakage and low-lying water-prone locations; sunlight exposure easy to burn, easy to explode or produce toxic gases of hazardous chemicals should be stored in a cool, ventilated place. Hazardous chemicals should be set in the storage area of the visible safety signs.
4. Poisonous substances must be stored in the school's specialized poison library, the library must meet the relevant safety requirements, must do "double double lock" for safekeeping. The use of poisonous substances must be approved by the school security office, should be based on the use of the minimum number of recipients, so that "two people" to receive, "two people" to use, at the same time to do and do a good job in the use of the registration and consumption records, must be strictly in accordance with the provisions of the management, so that the "Double double lock" for safekeeping.
5. Engaged in hazardous chemical experiments should be trained in the appropriate safety techniques, to be familiar with the nature of the drugs used, master the corresponding drug operation. In particular, the use of flammable and explosive, highly toxic, pathogenic and pressure reaction and other dangerous hazardous chemicals to do experiments, it is strictly prohibited to operate blindly, there must be relevant operating procedures, and the corresponding provisions of the state and industry as a standard, and strictly enforced.
6. The laboratory generated by the test waste liquid waste shall not be discarded, discharged arbitrarily into the ground, underground pipelines and any water source, to prevent pollution of the environment. Experimental waste liquid waste to take appropriate measures to do "harmless" treatment, really can not deal with the laboratories shall not be privately discharged, treatment, laboratories should use special containers classified, storage, to prevent leakage, loss of secondary pollution.
7. The laboratories will collect all kinds of waste liquids, waste transported to the Laboratory Equipment Management Division under the waste recycling library, by the Laboratory Equipment Management Division liaison with the Environmental Protection Agency to designate the recognized with the qualification of the treatment of the unified disposal of the department.
Third, laboratory biosafety
1. Laboratory biosafety involves the safety of the living environment of mankind, the country attaches great importance to the management of biosafety, the laboratories concerned must also attach great importance to laboratory biosafety, must effectively monitor and prevent laboratory biological contamination, regular inspections and self-examinations, and found that the safety of hidden dangers should be reported in a timely manner and dealt with the solution.
2. Laboratories should regularly train staff to ensure that they master the laboratory specifications, operating procedures, biosafety protection knowledge and practical skills, and assessment. Staff qualified by the examination before taking up their duties. Without learning and training, shall not engage in related work.
3. Laboratory safety management personnel should be based on the specific circumstances of the laboratory, the development of laboratory biosafety procedures, and enter the laboratory to conduct experiments for students to carry out biosafety knowledge education and training.
4. Without the approval of the Ministry of Agriculture or the Municipal Bureau of Agriculture, shall not collect, transport, receive storage of major animal diseases, shall not transfer, give away has been initially identified as a major animal disease or has been diagnosed as a major animal disease disease, shall not privately send the disease samples to foreign countries or carry out of the country.
5. Biological laboratory waste (including animal remains, etc.) should be collected in special containers, autoclaved and sterilized. Biological experiments in the disposable gloves and contaminated with EB carcinogenic substances should be collected and processed, not discarded in the ordinary trash.
Pathogenic microorganisms laboratory biosafety management
6. According to the contagiousness of pathogenic microorganisms, the degree of harm to individuals or groups after infection, the State will be divided into four categories of pathogenic microorganisms:
The first category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms capable of causing very serious diseases in human beings or animals, as well as microorganisms that have not been discovered in our country, or have been declared to be eliminated. .
The second category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms that can cause serious diseases in humans or animals, and are more likely to be transmitted directly or indirectly between humans and humans, animals and humans, and animals and animals.
The third category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms that can cause disease in humans or animals, but generally do not pose a serious hazard to humans, animals or the environment, have a limited risk of spreading, seldom cause serious disease after laboratory infection, and have effective treatment and preventive measures.
The fourth category of pathogenic microorganisms refers to microorganisms that do not normally cause disease in humans or animals.
The first and second categories of pathogenic microorganisms are collectively referred to as highly pathogenic microorganisms.
7. According to the level of laboratory biosafety protection of pathogenic microorganisms, and in accordance with the provisions of the national standard for laboratory biosafety, pathogenic microorganisms laboratories are categorized into Level I, Level II, Level III and Level IV. Level I and II laboratories shall not engage in highly pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms experimental activities. New construction, alteration, expansion should be reported to the relevant state departments for approval, assessed by the relevant departments to determine the level of the laboratory, and obtain the appropriate qualification certificate.
8. Laboratories should establish pathogenic microorganisms experimental files, records of laboratory use of pathogenic microorganisms and safety supervision. Laboratory engaged in experimental activities related to highly pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms experimental file storage period of not less than 20 years. Laboratory to establish and retain the experimental files should be truthfully recorded and pathogenic microorganisms safety-related experimental activities and facilities, devices, working conditions, and experimental activities generated by the harmless treatment of hazardous wastes, centralized disposal and inspection of the situation.
9. Engaged in experimental operations of pathogenic microorganisms in the premises, the device must be engaged in the biosafety level of pathogenic microorganisms to prevent the leakage of pathogenic microorganisms. Laboratories engaged in biological experimental activities should strictly comply with relevant national standards and laboratory specifications, operating procedures.
10. Before starting the work, should be engaged in the pathogenic microorganisms and related operations for risk assessment, according to the country for a variety of microbial operations of the classification of risk and protection requirements and the results of the risk assessment, the development of a comprehensive and detailed standard operating procedures and program files, for the key risk steps to design feasible protective measures and know these details.
11. Laboratory samples of pathogenic microorganisms shall not be collected and purchased privately, the collection of samples must be approved by the relevant departments, and must be mastered by the relevant professional knowledge and skills of the staff, in the case of the appropriate protective measures can be carried out, and the source of the samples, the process of collection and the method of detailed records; such as the need to purchase must be reported to the school, the university contact The school will contact the distributor with relevant qualifications to purchase the samples.
12. Laboratory of various pathogenic microorganisms should be strictly stored, custody, make a good pathogenic microorganisms strains (viruses) and samples in and out of the records and storage, the establishment of a file system, and designate a person responsible for? Laboratory shall not be arbitrary storage of highly pathogenic pathogenic microbial strains (viruses) and samples. Approved by the higher management of the main authorized storage of highly pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms strains (viruses) and samples, should set up a special library or special cabinet separate storage.
13. Laboratory leakage of pathogenic microorganisms, laboratory staff should immediately take control measures to prevent the further spread of pathogenic microorganisms, medical observation or isolation of the person concerned, closed laboratory, and at the same time to the school and the higher authorities to report?
Laboratory animal biosafety management
14. The University of the implementation of the National Laboratory Animal Use Licensing System, the quality control of laboratory animals, the implementation of national standards; national standards have not yet been formulated, the implementation of industry standards; the country, the industry are to formulate standards, the implementation of the local standards.
15. Laboratory animals are divided into four levels: Level 1, ordinary animals; Level 2, clean animals; Level 3, animals without specific pathogens; Level 4, sterile animals. Different levels of laboratory animals, should be in accordance with the appropriate microbiological control standards for management.
16. The use of laboratory animals for experiments, must be applied to the higher management laboratory animal license, after approval before the experiment. Laboratory without a laboratory animal license, may not engage in activities related to laboratory animals.
17 laboratories and individuals engaged in experimental animal work shall not be arbitrary purchase of experimental animals, should be from the supply of experimental animal production license to buy experimental animals, and ask for a certificate of conformity.
18. Animal experimental environment and facilities to meet the appropriate laboratory animal grade standards, the use of qualified feed, cages, bedding and other supplies; involving radioactivity and infectious experiments with special requirements, should be implemented in accordance with relevant regulations.
19. Animal experiments should be conducted according to the purpose of the experiment, the use of the appropriate level of standard experimental animals and feed, supplies, utensils. Different species, different levels and mutual interference in animal experiments, not in the same test room.
20. The use of laboratory animals from the experimental work of the laboratory, in accordance with the scope of the use of licensing permits, the use of qualified laboratory animals, the corresponding experiments.
21. Laboratory animals died of disease, should promptly identify the cause, properly handled, and recorded. Do a good job of immunization of experimental animals to prevent the occurrence and spread of disease epidemics.
22. Laboratories working with laboratory animals must have standard operating procedures; the use of laboratory animal feed, bedding and drinking water and laboratory animal facilities must comply with national standards.
23 engaged in the work of laboratory animals should be through professional training, and by the provincial science and technology administrative department of the examination and qualification, to obtain a post certificate, licensed to work. Without training and did not obtain a job certificate, shall not engage in laboratory animal work.
24 units engaged in laboratory animal work on the staff should take preventive protection and health measures, at least once a year to organize health checks, timely adjustment of health conditions are not suitable for laboratory animal work.
25. The use of laboratory animals, the occurrence of infectious disease epidemics should be breeding rooms and laboratories inside and outside the environment to take strict disinfection, insecticide, rodent control measures? At the same time to blockade, isolate the entire area? When lifting the isolation should be disinfected, insecticide, rodenticide treatment? Occurrence of virulent infectious diseases in laboratory animals, to immediately report to the school and the higher authorities, and depending on the specific circumstances, immediately take appropriate measures?
26. Laboratories and individuals engaged in experimental animal work on the non-use of experimental animal carcasses as well as the experimental process of hazardous waste, wastewater, exhaust, etc., should be in accordance with the corresponding provisions of harmless disposal, and in line with environmental protection regulations.
Fourth, the laboratory radiation safety
1. The source of the units involved in the relevant work must be carried out before the higher authorities to apply for a license and environmental assessment, through the environmental assessment and obtain a license before carrying out the relevant work.
2. Personnel engaged in radiological work must comply with radiation protection regulations and rules and regulations, and accept occupational health monitoring and personal dose monitoring management, and master the knowledge of radiation protection and relevant regulations, radiation safety training organized by qualified units, and only after passing the examination can they be employed. At the same time, radiation workers must hold training certificates, personal dosimetry testing information, health physical examination results to participate in the regular review of the higher health authorities.
3. Radiation workplaces must be installed anti-theft, fire prevention, anti-leakage facilities to ensure the safety of radioisotopes and radiation devices. Isotope packaging containers, devices containing radioisotopes, radiation devices, radiation workplace must be placed at the entrance to the radiation warning signs and work signals.
4. Each source-related unit should be equipped with necessary protective gear and monitoring instruments, establish a sound safety inspection system, and conduct regular safety inspections of radioisotopes, ray devices and radiation workplaces used in each laboratory, and keep records. The relevant laboratories should regularly check the status of radiation surface contamination and keep records. Testing records should be properly stored, and accept the inspection and supervision of the school laboratory safety management department and higher authorities.
5. Purchase of radioactive sources, isotope reagents and radiation devices, should first apply to the school, after auditing and reported to the Defense Department for the record agreed to the *** environmental authorities to handle the "permit", before entrusting the procurement department to purchase.
6. All units involved in the source should establish and improve the registration system of radioisotope storage, receipt and consumption, so as to achieve the matching of the account. The experimental process must be careful, in strict accordance with the operating procedures, and do a good job of security protection.
7. Radioactive waste generated by isotope experiments (including isotope packaging containers) shall not be disposed of as ordinary garbage without authorization. It must be declared to the school, and after the consent of the school, the school will ask the qualified company or unit to carry out unified disposal.
V. Safety of large instruments and devices
1. Each large instrument and device must have a person responsible for the management of each large instrument and device is equipped with a "large precision instruments and devices use records", to record the use of truthful.
2. According to the effectiveness of large-scale instrumentation requirements, to provide the installation of the use of instrumentation, water, electricity supply, and should be implemented according to the different circumstances of the instrumentation, fire, moisture, heat, frost, dust, shock, anti-magnetic, anti-corrosion, radiation and other technical measures.
3. Must develop large-scale instrumentation safety regulations, the use of large-scale instrumentation must be trained, qualified after the examination before operation.
4. Pay attention to the instrumentation device grounding, electromagnetic radiation, network and other safety matters to avoid accidents.
Six, experimental technology safety
1. Laboratory staff and students in the experimental operations before the laboratory should be accepted in advance of the laboratory safety education, in the safety education, not according to the operating procedures of the consequences of the operation of the warning. Laboratory staff and students should be strictly in accordance with the instrumentation and experimental procedures for experimental operations.
2. For laboratories conducting experiments on pressurized containers, strong electricity, driving, flammable, explosive, highly toxic, etc., they should formulate the safety rules of this laboratory in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state and the school. Personnel engaged in the above experiments must be safety technology training, qualified by the examination before independent operation.
3. Laboratories should do a good job of labor protection, for high temperature, low temperature,
radiation, germs, noise, toxicity, radium, dust, ultra-clean and other harmful to the human body environment, we must effectively strengthen the supervision of the laboratory environment and labor protection work.
VII, laboratory network security
1. Laboratory to pay attention to the network, information security, laboratory network security specific rules with reference to the "Northeast Forestry University Campus Network Security Management Regulations".
2. The confidentiality of the scientific research projects or experimental technology projects undertaken by the analysis of test data and large precision instruments and devices drawings and other information, data, must be stored in accordance with the confidentiality of the level, set up a special management, is strictly prohibited from leaking.
Eight, laboratory safety emergency treatment notes
Once the laboratory safety accidents, to remain calm, to determine the type of accident, call the appropriate alarm in a timely manner, and immediately report to the school security office and laboratory equipment management.
1. Emergency measures Note:
Call for help should indicate: ① accident location; ② the nature and severity of the accident; ③ your name, location and contact phone.
2. In the event of an emergency, the following priorities should be addressed: ① protect personal safety, i.e., my own safety and the safety of others; ② protect public **** property; ③ storage of academic materials.
3. Important telephone numbers:
① fire alarm: 119; ② banditry: 110; ③ medical emergency: 120.
The Laboratory should conduct a risk assessment. Need to be assessed in accordance with the following:
a) chemical, physical, biological and other risk sources of known or unknown properties, interaction with the environment, relevant experimental data, past information, prevention and treatment programs;
b) with the laboratory itself or related laboratories have occurred in the analysis of accidents, drawing on past and other laboratory cases;
c) Risks during routine and non-routine activities of the laboratory, including the activities of all personnel entering the workplace and those who may be involved (e.g. contracted personnel);
Laboratory activities such as testing activities, purchasing, and cleaning of utensils may carry some risk, and personnel associated with these activities are included in the risk assessment.
d) Risks associated with facilities, installations, etc.; the risks associated with the laboratory's instrumentation need to be assessed, including the risks associated with the installation itself, and the risks it may pose.
e) Risks associated with laboratory animals, where applicable; some laboratories will involve laboratory animals.
f) Personnel-related risks; for example, the physical condition of personnel, their competence, and the stresses that may affect their work;
g) Risks arising from unforeseen events, accidents;
h) Risks of misuse and malicious use;
i) Scope, nature, and timeframe of the risk; identifying the scope, nature, and timeframe of the risk can help to better control the risk. Focus major efforts to correspond to the risk.
What safety issues should be noted when doing physics labsi) When doing student experiments, experimental devices and circuits are wired according to the requirements, checked by the teacher for correctness, and the uniform power supply before the experiment. When using electrical appliances to prevent electric shock, do not use wet hands, objects touching the power supply. Teachers should cut off the power immediately after the experiment.
Second, if the phenomenon of electrocution occurs, first cut off the power supply, take the necessary rescue measures.
Third, the education of students to observe discipline, operate strictly according to the procedures, found abnormal phenomena immediately report to the teacher.
Fourth, the lamp should pay attention to safety when heating. In the alcohol lamp is almost burned out, the lamp is not yet extinguished, never inject fuel; alcohol lamps go out, to use the lamp cap to cover, do not use the mouth to blow to prevent accidents; do not use an alcohol lamp to light another alcohol lamp, so as to avoid the alcohol overflow bit, caused by combustion. Lighted matches are extinguished immediately after use and should not be thrown.
What should be noted when assembling a laboratory oxygen device?Points to note
①The mouth of the test tube is slightly tilted downward: to prevent condensation from backing up and causing the test tube to rupture
②The medicine is laid flat at the bottom of the test tube: to be heated uniformly
③The iron clip is clamped at about 1/3 of the way from the mouth of the test tube
④The tube should be slightly exposed to the rubber stopper: to make it easier for the gas to be discharged
⑤The mouth of the test tube should be placed in a ball of cotton: to prevent the potassium permanganate powder from entering the conduit
⑤The test tube should be placed in the mouth of the test tube. In the test tube should be put a piece of cotton: to prevent the potassium permanganate powder from entering the tube
⑥ drainage method of collection, to be collected when the bubbles are evenly and continuously (the beginning of the discharge is the air in the test tube)
⑦ at the end of the experiment, the first to move the catheter and then extinguish the alcohol lamp: to prevent the water attracted by rupture of the tube
⑧ with the exhaust method of gas collection, the catheter to the bottom of the cylinder
in the laboratory for two-phase solvent extraction should be What to pay attention toThe choice of extractant: 1, the two solvents can not dissolve each other
2, the solute can not react with the extractant
3, the solute in the two solvents in the solubility of the different or the difference is relatively large
After separation, the upper layer of the portioning funnel from the mouth of the liquid pouring, and the lower layer of the liquid from the bottom of the release.
What safety issues should be noted when doing physics labs (be brief)Electricity: be careful of electric shocks; don't mess with instruments; others are ok. Some toxic and corrosive liquids should also be careful.
What should you pay attention to when doing chemistry lab questions?Checking the gas tightness of the device Assembly (needless to say)
Gas purity testing
Removal of gas mixtures
Absorption of tail gases and the use of wastes
Look at the topic of the information given: for example, a gas in the air is easy to combine with water vapor to produce a mist
This time, we need to pay attention to experimental setups have no absorption of water vapor device
What should be noted when heating fuming sulfuric acid in the laboratory?Confined operation, pay attention to ventilation. The operator must be specially trained and strictly follow the operating procedures. It is recommended that the operator wear a hood-type electric air-feeding filtering dust respirator, a polyethylene hazmat suit, and chemical-resistant gloves. Keep away from fire and heat sources. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the workplace. Use explosion-proof ventilation systems and devices. Prevent fumes or dust from leaking into the workplace air. Avoid contact with oxidizers and acids. Load and unload lightly when handling to prevent damage to packaging and containers. Equip with appropriate varieties and quantities of fire-fighting equipment and emergency response devices for leakage. Empty containers may be residual harmful substances.
What should be paid attention to when designing an enzyme graded precipitation experimentDifferent proteins will be precipitated under different concentrations of ammonium sulfate
Adjust different concentrations of ammonium sulfate, and then collect them in segments, so that a lot of heterogeneous proteins will be removed
Applicable to the crude extraction of proteins
May I ask you, what should be paid attention to when writing a chemistry lab report?According to the format:
1. purpose of the experiment
2. experimental principle
3. experimental apparatus and reagents
4. experimental steps
5. experimental data processing
6. reflective questions
7. discussion
My college teacher taught me this, I think it is almost the same
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