Fishing boat accidents have become the biggest threat to maritime safety in Zhejiang. According to the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries Ship Inspection Bureau on November 5, 2004 special research in Zhejiang Province, the implementation of the "Regulations on the Inspection of Fishery Vessels," the situation shows that from 2001 to 2003, Zhejiang Province *** occurred at sea fishing boat accidents one thousand three hundred and ninety-six (foreign fishing boats in Zhejiang Province accidents are not counted), deaths of one thousand one hundred and twenty-six people, of which the deaths of five or more than thirty-six, a death of ten or more than seven very large accidents. There were seven major accidents with more than ten deaths.
Particularly in the third quarter of 2006, Zhejiang Province, fishing vessels also occurred in four water traffic accidents, sinking (destroyed) nine ships, twenty-two people died (missing). Zhoushan City alone, last year, fishing boat collision accidents occurred eighteen, death (missing) twenty-eight people, of which four major collision accidents caused twenty-six deaths (missing).
Zhejiang is the ocean Dasheng fishing surplus for a long time, fishing has been the province Zhoushan, Ningbo, Taizhou, Wenzhou and other coastal cities and twenty-three counties of more than three hundred thousand fishermen in a million fishing people rely on the pillar industry, but also the development of Zhejiang Province, the marine economy of the important foundation of the industry.
The province currently has more than 30,000 motorized marine fishing vessels, fishing power of 3.5 million kilowatts or so, respectively, ranked second and first in the country, is China's most powerful marine fishing power of the province.
In recent years, Zhejiang Province, marine fishing output of about 3.2 million tons, accounting for about 70 percent of the province's total fish production, and has been ranked among the top three in the country.
When a tragedy in people's memories faded, and an accident is happening, people can not help but think: tragedy is the reason why in the end what?
The fishing area "shrinks" and the sea area is densely populated with ships
With the entry into force of the Sino-Japanese Fisheries Agreement on June 1, 2000, and the Sino-Korean Fisheries Agreement on June 30, 2001, vessels in the traditional fishing grounds of Jeju Island, Big and Small Black Mountain, and the Japanese Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) in the North Pacific have to withdraw from fishing operations.
On December 11, 2006, at 18:50, "Zhe Pu Fishing 72329" ship in Xiangshan County, Zhejiang Province, about 55 nautical miles east of Shipu port collision occurred in the waters of the twelve crew members on board the ship, four were rescued, and eight people are missing.
At about 00:30 on the 12th of that month, the vessel "Zhe Ding Fishing 14413" collided with a large ship in waters about six nautical miles northeast of Langgangshan Mountain, with only one of the seven crew members on board rescued and six missing.
Two accidents less than twelve hours apart, are fishing vessels in the outer sea operation and navigation with large vessels collision, and the ship are fleeing from the scene
Many fishermen told reporters that in the past, this area of the sea a week also see less than four or five merchant ships, and now "a day to see thirty to forty, all provinces and cities have! ".
More worrying for the local fisheries authorities is that China, Japan, China and South Korea fishing boat agreement in the Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea, a large area of "transitional waters" has also expired, only the city of Wenling will have more than 1,000 fishing boats out of this area. Almost the same elbow, Taizhou, Wenzhou and other shipyards more than 500 commercial vessels will also be launched. This "one in one out" will make the already high-density fishing boat operation sea area ships more intensive, the safety situation is more serious.
Enforcement of the heart of the work is difficult to put in place
Maritime department survey statistics analysis, more than 80 percent of the marine fishing vessel collision accidents and human factors. Fishery safety production and daily safety supervision has a close relationship, if the daily supervision can really do a good job, can undoubtedly greatly reduce the occurrence of accidents, reduce the level of accidents. However, due to the management system is not sound, the legal status of the ship inspection organization is not clear, the ship more people less prominent contradiction, resulting in safety supervision there is a large blind spot.
From the fishing boat inspection system within the view, Zhejiang Province, the implementation of the Sheng city, county three-tier management system, between the upper and lower levels is only a business guidance relationship. Whether it is human rights, financial rights or authority, the upper level can not be effective management and control of the lower level, so that in the specific work, the staff tend to do their own thing. At the same time, due to the influence of local protectionist ideology, the supervisory staff of the jurisdiction of the fishing vessel requirements loose, the fishing vessel outside the jurisdiction of the strict requirements, artificially set up double inspection standards, it is difficult to achieve the integration of forces, the same pace.
According to China's Fisheries Vessel Inspection Bureau document requirements, Zhejiang Province, the fishing vessel inspection system should be equipped with at least six hundred full-time safety inspectors, while the actual full-time safety inspectors in Zhejiang less than three hundred people. At present, Zhejiang Province, the existing fishery vessels of all types of nearly 100,000, of which, the marine fishing vessels 3.72 million, four hundred and thirty ocean-going fishing vessels, the total tonnage and total power accounted for 37.3 percent of the national fishing vessels, respectively, 30.1 percent. According to this ratio, each inspector needs to inspect more than four hundred fishing boats per year. If the repair period according to the fishing vessel inspection at least twice a year, the inspection staff actually need to board the ship inspection more than 800 times a year.
Marine fishing vessel safety declaration inspection time is relatively centralized, in addition to inspection and production of inspection reports, inspection certificates. Although Zhejiang Province, there are fifty-six coastal fishing vessel inspection agency, but due to the functions of the fishing vessel inspection agency and personnel limitations, inspection work seasonal and strong, fishing vessel inspection and management capacity and inspection workload there is a huge gap between a large number of statutory inspections and supervision and management work is difficult to really put in place.
At present, Zhejiang Province, there are still nearly half of the fishing boats are not included in the normal scope of inspection, leaving serious accidents at the source.
Inadequate investment in facilities and lack of safety training
The complete life-saving equipment is the most effective life-saving tool for fishermen after an accident at sea. However, according to the reporter's investigation, both fishermen and the government, the investment in life-saving equipment and other fishery safety infrastructure is insufficient, such as the construction of fishing ports, lighthouses, communication and navigation, firefighting facilities, etc., are not able to meet the actual needs of safety production, especially communication and navigation facilities are not yet able to meet the need to save lives.
Some fishermen are forced by economic reasons, often insufficient investment in fishery safety facilities. From the situation in Taizhou City, the fishing boat with an average of less than sixty percent of the raft rate, individual places with less than twenty percent of the raft rate. Life-saving equipment is not only installed in place, broken phenomenon is also more common. Some boats are equipped with life rafts, but there is no configuration of hydrostatic pressure releaser, the raft is tightly bound by the rope; less than instantly available in case of distress requirements. In addition, the life rafts are generally not regularly overhauled, and the annual overhaul rate is only about 40%. Some ships are equipped with insufficient number of life jackets and lifebuoys, which are incomplete and their quality does not meet the requirements, and some ships are even equipped with life jackets as life jackets.
It is understood that some ships in Taizhou City, the main navigation signal lamps equipped with insufficient standardization, failed to use the standard signal lamps, navigation signal lamps, the height of the brightness, angle and even the number of signal lamps, and the relevant requirements of the difference is very far. Some ship lamps and lanterns are defective and damaged, and some lamps and lanterns have ship inspection mark, but the quality of products is low. In addition, some ships are not equipped with pyrotechnic signaling apparatus according to the requirements. According to the relevant regulations, each ship should set up an independent fire pump, but most ships are not yet equipped. Some ships are not equipped with fire extinguishers and fire buckets as required, and some ships are equipped with fire extinguishers but not placed according to regulations.
Changes in the production and operation of marine fisheries have raised new issues for the safety of marine fisheries. The Work Safety Law stipulates that the main person in charge of the production and operation unit shall be fully responsible for the work safety of the unit. In the period of individual production and operation of marine fisheries, the shipowner is the captain or crew, do a good job of the captain and crew also do a good job of the shipowner's work, production safety will have a base, but now, due to the implementation of the shareholding cooperation system and the prevalence of hiring foreign labor, the shipowner does not necessarily go to sea, and the crew is not necessarily the shipowner. Shipowners, for the sake of economic benefits, often neglect to invest in safety facilities and education and training of the crew.
In addition, the main body of the operation and the fishery labor mobility is large, especially the mobility of the duty crew between the same industry, so that the fishing vessel itself is not equipped with enough duty crew, transferred to the sea production without receiving systematic training of non-fishing laborers accounted for the proportion of the still high, the fishing industry is extremely unfavorable to the safety of production.
Crew lagging behind in technology, serious violations of the operation
According to the survey, from September 2004 to the present, due to the accelerated development of the maritime transportation industry, the coastal fishing vessels in Zhejiang Province increased significantly. Although there are more boats, the number of crew members and their technology cannot keep up. Even if the crew members who originally had small boat certificates get big boat certificates after training and internships, they still can't adapt to the navigation of big boats due to the lack of practical experience in driving turbines and operating big boats.
The reporter learned that the main reason for the collision off the coast of Zhejiang is that no additional personnel to strengthen the gap lookout, but also did not take measures to maintain a formal lookout, unable to make a full estimate of the situation. At the same time, also did not follow the safe speed navigation, so that the ship can not stop at the right time
Reporters note that, on April 3, 2007, Zhejiang Maritime Safety Bureau has been 18 ships included in the ship "blacklist, because these ships have serious accident hidden danger. Such as zhoushan hengfeng shipping company's "zhe dai seven four one seventy-five" general cargo ship with insufficient crew, jiaxing city jiahe shipping company's "jiahe 3" bulk cement ship did not rectify the defects in accordance with the requirements of the unauthorized voyage, zhoushan city jin yu shipping development co. "Jinzhao 6" dry cargo ship, two failed security checks within twelve months.
Some shipping companies for the completion of orders and the realization of the established production tasks for the sprint, to a certain extent, ignored the safety. In Wenling, many fishermen added a large steel fishing boat, in order to recover the investment as soon as possible, they disregarded safety, often in the wind and waves of the operation. Many boat owners lack the technology to carry cargo on board, and often place a lot of cargo on the deck in order to transport more. Some owners also build large-scale water tanks on the deck or in the cabins, which affects the stability of the vessels and makes them prone to tilting.
For fishing vessels, a collision means doom. The reporter learned that the tonnage of merchant ships in one thousand tons to five thousand tons, while the fishing boat only eighty tons to one hundred and fifty tons of tonnage. Different "size", different speeds, different marine equipment, once the collision, fishing boats are destined to be the victim.
Related experts believe that to curb the tragedy of the big boat hit the small boat again, we must actively study and formulate effective policies and measures, the use of a variety of means to improve the shipowners to grasp the work of fisheries safety conscientiousness and enthusiasm, as far as possible, to reduce the occurrence of accidents. (end)