When groundwater contains some special chemical components and a large number of gaseous components, and has certain medical effects on the human body, this groundwater is called mineral water. The natural outcrop of underground mineral water is called mineral water. When the groundwater content of a particular chemical composition or gas composition reaches a certain amount, it can be the chemical composition to name. Such as groundwater per liter of free carbonic acid (i.e., free carbon dioxide) reaches 250 milligrams, known as carbonic acid-containing mineral water; when it reaches 750 milligrams, that is, known as carbonated water. Groundwater containing hydrogen sulfide per liter for l mg, known as hydrogen sulfide-containing mineral water; hydrogen sulfide-containing l0 mg, known as hydrogen sulfide water. Groundwater containing 25 milligrams of silicic acid per liter, known as mineral water containing silicic acid; when containing silicic acid for 75 milligrams, known as silicic acid water.
How is mineral water formed? It is related to rocks, magmatic activity, water and gas and other factors. The formation of mineral water is mainly in the natural oxidizing environment, due to the role of groundwater dissolved filtering rocks, so that the groundwater dissolves a lot of minerals, and contains a large amount of carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen and other gases. When the mineral water content of certain chemical components is particularly high, has not been used for medical and drinking water, these mineral water is often called mineralized water, people can get from the chemical and food industries need raw materials, such as from the mineralized water can be extracted iodine, bromine, boron, radium, salt and alkali and so on.
Mineral water and medical
Mineral water is a precious human medical water resources, people after years of practice, understand that the mineral water in some special chemical composition reaches a certain amount, it has a certain medical effect. People found that if the total amount of soluble minerals in each liter of mineral water reaches more than 2 grams, free carbon dioxide reaches more than 0.5 grams, the content of hydrogen sulfide reaches more than 2 to 10 milligrams, the carbon content reaches more than 5 milligrams, the content of silicic acid reaches more than 50 milligrams, these mineral water can be called medical mineral water.
China is the world's earliest use of mineral water treatment of a country, our ancestors as early as six thousand years ago has begun to use mineral water medical; and in the first century AD, the Eastern Han Dynasty scientists Zhang Heng in the "hot springs fugue" wrote: "six gas obscene error, there is a disease or plague Ruoxi, hot springs parked Yanyan, to stream the filth Ruoxi", "removing the disease, the disease of the disease," and "the hot springs of the disease, the hot springs of the disease. "To remit the disease of evil thoughts and to preserve life". It shows that China has recognized that mineral water can cure diseases, remove dirt and health care more than 1800 years ago. Li Shizhen, the famous pharmacologist of the Ming Dynasty, pointed out more clearly in his book "Compendium of Materia Medica" that hot springs are effective in treating "contracture of muscles and bones of all winds, and stubborn paralysis of muscles and skin, hand and foot failures, and scabies and all kinds of illnesses. Due to the chemical composition of the mineral water contained in different, they act on the human body's function is not the same, its medical effect is not the same. According to the chemical composition of mineral water, they can be divided into hydrogen sulfide type, carbonic acid type, radioactive type, alkaline (i.e. sodium bicarbonate) type, containing salt type and simple warm water type and many other kinds. According to people's practice and research for many years, it is generally believed that bathing with hydrogen sulfide mineral water can stimulate the skin, make the skin blood vessels and coronary arteries of the heart expand, and the blood flows from the internal organs to the blood vessels of the whole body in large quantities, and at the same time the flow of blood to the heart is also increased, so as to play a role in regulating the function of the heart. The sulfur in hydrogen sulfide contacts the skin epithelium to form alkali sulfide, which can soften the skin and dissolve the skin keratin, and can kill the parasites on the skin, thus having the function of treating certain skin diseases. Taking low content of hydrogen sulfide mineral water can promote gastrointestinal motility and prevent constipation. Drinking hydrogen sulfide water also has the effect of expectorant, chronic bronchitis has curative effect. Bath with carbonated mineral water, can stimulate nerve endings, make blood vessel expansion, have exercise myocardium, protect the role of the heart. Drinking carbonated mineral water can stimulate the sense of taste, promote gastric secretion and gastrointestinal peristalsis, help digestion. Mineral water containing radioactive elements such as radium and radon can treat some tumors. Bathing or drinking mineral water containing moderate amount of radioactive radon can regulate the human body's nerve function, relieve nerve pain, and have diuretic, hypnotic, help digestion, increase white blood cells and lower blood pressure. Alkaline mineral water for bathing can soften the skin, purify the skin and remove the effect of dirt, make the skin clean and smooth, and have a cool and fresh feeling after bathing. Drinking alkaline mineral water can neutralize stomach acid, dissolve stones, adjust the acid-base balance of the blood, gastrointestinal diseases, kidney and bladder stones, diabetes, obesity, and blood, urinary intoxication has a certain effect. Salt spring can promote metabolism, with sedative, analgesic effect, medical arthritis, neuralgia and other diseases. As for pure warm mineral water, because it contains a variety of minerals in very small quantities, the role of moderate, can promote blood circulation and metabolism, eliminate fatigue, can cure neuralgia, neurasthenia, early hypertension and arthritis and other diseases. But mineral water is not a cure for all diseases, and some diseases should not wash mineral bath. For example, insomnia should not bath with hydrogen sulfide mineral water, because it can stimulate the skin nerve endings, prompting the nervous system excited, so patients who want to drink or bath with some kind of mineral water, you must understand the nature of this mineral water, and to be under the guidance of a doctor for medical treatment.
China is a country with rich medical mineral water, long history, the more famous medical mineral springs in Heilongjiang Province, Wudalianchi carbonate mineral springs, Guangdong from the radioactive radon type mineral springs, Shanxi Xinxian Qicun hydrogen sulfide type mineral springs, Shandong Yantai Weihai salt-type mineral springs, Shaanxi Lintong Lishan and Anhui Huangshan warm water type mineral springs.
Mineral water and drinks
Mineral water is a precious beverage resources for human beings, of which the most meaningful is carbonated mineral water. Many rocks heated to 350 ~ 450 degrees Celsius, can decompose a large number of carbon dioxide, its purity can reach 70 ~ 90%. Such as heating gneiss to 360 degrees Celsius, the separation of the gas, carbon dioxide content of up to 93.7%. A large number of free carbon dioxide into the water, the formation of carbonated water. Containing more free carbon dioxide mineral water, after processing can be made into wine flavor, fruit flavor, rice flavor and other bottled mineral water drinks. When the free carbon dioxide content of mineral water is extremely high, it can be produced in batches of liquid carbon dioxide, which is the main raw material for the production of beer, soda, sparkling wine and so on.
How is mineral water made into drinks? First of all, through the technical test assay, identify the nature of the mineral water characteristics, to determine the various chemical components in the mineral water in the right amount, and beneficial to the human body harmless. Then use stainless steel pumps and pipelines will be conveyed into the beverage plant, add the appropriate amount of seasoning, after ultraviolet irradiation disinfection, kill a small amount of bacteria and viruses mixed into the mineral water, and then use stainless steel bottle filling machine will be loaded into the mineral water by boiling disinfected bottles, and covered with sterilized stopper, that is, to become available for people to drink directly in the bottled mineral water. In short, from natural mineral water to bottled mineral water all the production process should be sealed operation, strictly prevent the production of beverages in the production of mineral water in the process of man-made pollution. At the same time, it is also necessary to protect the mineral water springs to avoid contamination.
As a result of the rapid development of urban and rural industrial and agricultural production in recent years, water tension, pollution is serious, people in urgent need of high-quality delicious drinking water, especially known as "natural soda" carbonated mineral water, after processing, become the world's best-selling high-level beverages, and this mineral water often also contains a variety of Essential trace elements, such as iron, calcium, cobalt, copper, zinc, molybdenum, iodine, chromium, vanadium, fluorine, silicon, strontium, lithium, and the radioactive element radon, etc., which are conducive to the regulation of the body's internal body fluids and acid-base balance, to help digestion, to promote the human body's metabolism for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, digestive diseases, arthritis, allergies and neurological disorders are beneficial to the long term consumption of carbonated mineral water, you can make the person The carbonated mineral water can make people live a long and healthy life.
In recent years, the development and utilization of foreign drinking mineral water is progressing rapidly, such as the Soviet Union bottled mineral water production has been developed from 850 million bottles in 1967 to more than 1.2 billion bottles in 1976, the entire Soviet Union has about 110 bottled mineral water plants, and bottled mineral water exports accounted for the world's first. France's bottled mineral water production accounted for 37% of the whole of Europe, to 1979 production has reached 3.6 million tons. Federal Republic of Germany bottled mineral water industry is developing rapidly, the output of only 700,000 tons in 1967, to 1979 has reached 2.17 million tons. In addition, Italy, Belgium and other countries in the development of mineral water production speed is also very fast, only from 1953 to 1977 during the beverage mineral water production increased by 6 times. Mineral water has a high economic value, bottled mineral water sold to the international market, generally sold for about 1 U.S. dollar per liter, equivalent to 4 times the price of oil, milk prices 6 times.
China's drinking carbonated mineral water is rich in resources, over the years in Qingdao City, Shandong Province; Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, Longchuan County, Nanhai County, Chaoan County, Pingyuan County, Zijin County, Wuhua County, Meixian County; Wudalianchi, Heilongjiang Province; Anshan City, Liaoning Province, Xinjin County; Jilin Province, Nong'an County, Dewei County; Guangxi Province, Guiping County, as well as Fujian Province, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Taiwan Province, etc., have found a variety of rich carbonated mineral water. Carbonated mineral water rich in a variety of beneficial trace elements has been found. For example, the Shangbu mineral water found in Shenzhen contains 800 to 1900 mg of free carbon dioxide per liter of water, and the amount of water that can be extracted each year reaches more than 60,000 tons, which is a valuable resource for the manufacture of beverages. In Liaoning Province, Xinjin County found in the mineral water, per liter of water containing carbon dioxide gas up to more than 3,600 milligrams, the daily water influx of about 15 tons. In Jilin Province, Nong'an, Dewei two counties at the junction of the mineral water found in the water carbon dioxide gas content of more than 90%, has a high value of industrial exploitation. In Nanhai County, Guangdong Province, drilled a carbon dioxide gas well, this well of carbon dioxide gas purity of 99.5%, has been batch production of liquid carbon dioxide, the daily output capacity of 15 tons. In the country, only in Guangdong Province has been found in carbonated water springs have 11, natural flow more than 600,000 tons per year, some of which the quality of the mineral water is not less than the world-famous French Vichy mineral water, these mineral water such as can be developed and utilized, according to the calculation of $ l per kilogram, the output value of 600 million U.S. dollars. China's development of drinking mineral water earlier in Shandong Province, Laoshan and Guangdong Province, Longchuan, the two bottled mineral water production in 1976 has reached 2,000 tons; in recent years in Guangdong Province, Shantou City, Chaoan County, Shenzhen City and the northern suburbs of Guangzhou City, and other places have also built bottled mineral water plant, the total bottled mineral water production of about 5,000 tons. This production is less than the natural flow of carbonated mineral water has been found in Guangdong Province l%, visible in China's development of mineral water beverage production is a very broad vision.
Beijing area is also rich in mineral water. According to statistics, distributed in the western suburbs of Beijing and the northern shallow mountain springs no less than 1000, of which the natural flow of more than 400,000 tons per year there are dozens of places. Beijing not only has a large number of transparent and clean, low mineral content, low hardness, low sodium springs, and the water taste sweet and mellow, refreshing and delicious. After mineralization, these springs are high-quality raw materials for manufacturing fortified mineral water and other nutritious beverages. Such as Huairou County, Beijing Great Wall Beverage Factory, the use of the county's Mutianyu pearl spring water made of the Great Wall brand mineral water, cool and refreshing, and contains lithium and strontium and a variety of trace elements, to prevent and control cardiovascular disease and senile osteoporosis. Recently, the relevant units in Beijing's western suburbs of the city found in the area of high-quality mineral water, after identification of the mineral water quality is no less than the Qingdao Laoshan mineral water. Beijing a large number of fresh and sweet spring water, for the manufacture of enhanced nutritional mineral water provides the material conditions.
In order to promote the production, the development of China's tourism industry, should strengthen our mineral water census exploration work, improve the production of mineral water beverage technology level, the rapid development of the production of bottled mineral water, so that the sleeping in the underground valuable resources as soon as possible for the "four" construction contribution.