As for which province is more effective in controlling rural drinking water pollution and industrial wastewater pollution, I think it is not necessarily good to do it early, but it is the latecomers who really do it well.
1, rural drinking water
(1) rural drinking water disinfection technology and disinfection equipment
The treatment of rural drinking water in China is basically carried out in an all-round way. As far as the effect is concerned, the provinces with good economy are ahead because of their money. However, many problems have been found in the treatment of rural drinking water and township industrial wastewater, mainly in the selection and management of equipment. For example, chemical chlorine dioxide generators are basically used for drinking water in rural areas, using hydrochloric acid and sodium chlorate as raw materials, and hydrochloric acid is a dangerous product restricted by public security organs. Therefore, the use of chemical chlorine dioxide generator to disinfect drinking water in rural areas has great security risks, coupled with rural technical and human factors, the maintenance and repair of chlorine dioxide generator is also a big problem. For the disinfection of rural drinking water, it is best to use unpowered disinfection equipment, which does not need electricity and noise. It has been ordered for 25 years and does not need maintenance.
Unpowered disinfection equipment uses commercial chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, bleaching powder and other oxidants for disinfection. , wide range of application, no need for public security organs to control dangerous goods such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid, and convenient management.
(2) Rural drinking water treatment technology and equipment
Rural drinking water treatment equipment adopts diversion rapid sedimentation and filtration equipment or siphon filter, which basically needs no maintenance, and has good treatment effect and convenient management.
(3) Management of rural drinking water
The operation and management of rural drinking water mainly depends on the degree of automation and automatic supervision. The so-called degree of automation is to realize real-time operation, control, display and alarm of the whole water treatment process through the control system, so as to realize intelligent operation and reduce management personnel and labor intensity.
The so-called automatic supervision means intensive management, centralized remote control of equipment, and optimization and concentration of management, testing and technology platforms by region. The factory is mainly engaged in equipment care (1 person) and the operation of the remote monitoring and inspection mechanism of the factory. Its advantages are: greatly reducing the number of operators, optimizing the water plant with one group of personnel into dozens of water plants with three groups of personnel, greatly improving the work efficiency and reducing the operation cost.
Intensive management platform includes: information processing platform, sludge disposal platform, equipment control system, factory monitoring system, equipment maintenance system, patrol management system, water sample analysis center, integrated management center, etc.
2. Rural industrial wastewater treatment
(1) biochemical treatment
At present, the treatment of rural industrial wastewater is mainly based on biochemical treatment. Due to the late start and rapid development of sewage treatment in China, biochemical treatment is the main process of sewage treatment. Common processes include contact oxidation, AB method, A/O method, oxidation ditch, SBR, biological aerated filter and directed biological aerated filter.
Diversion biological aerated filter is a new sewage treatment process with independent intellectual property rights in China. According to the different subsequent treatment processes, it can be divided into hydrolysis-diversion biological aerated filter, anaerobic-diversion biological aerated filter, air flotation-diversion biological aerated filter, rapid sedimentation-diversion biological aerated filter, ultrasonic-diversion biological aerated filter, microwave-diversion biological aerated filter, ozone-diversion biological aerated filter and so on.
Combined with the upgrading of old sewage treatment project, nitrogen and phosphorus removal and reclaimed water reuse, AB-guided biological aerated filter was developed. A/O process-shunt biological aerated filter; A2/O method-diversion biological aerated filter; Oxidation ditch-diversion biological aerated filter; SBR guided biological aerated filter; Advanced treatment processes such as biological contact oxidation-split aeration biological filter.
Guided biological aerated filter (BAF) fully draws lessons from eight design methods, such as BAF method, contact oxidation method, biofilm method, intermittent aeration method, artificial rapid filtration method, precipitation separation method, nitrification and denitrification method, and water supply rapid filtration method, and develops a new sewage treatment process and technology. The diversion biological aerated filter has been used in Beijing, Shandong, Hebei, Guizhou, Shanxi, Sichuan, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Jilin, Henan, Hubei, Tianjin, Xinjiang and other places in China, involving sewage treatment in the fields of life, hospital, chemical industry, slaughter, food, flax, alcohol, pharmacy and pickled mustard tuber. A large number of applications have proved that the CODcr of effluent quality is generally below 20mg/L, and the lowest is 5.95 mg/L; Generally, BOD5 is below 10mg/L, and the lowest is 3.50mg/L.: SS is generally below 20mg/L, and the lowest is 6.55 mg/l.
According to the invention, sewage is aerated twice, precipitated twice and filtered twice in the same treatment tank, so that the process flow that other sewage treatment needs four tanks to complete is solved, especially under the condition of continuous water inflow, intermittent aeration and activated sludge backflow are realized, and the whole operation does not idle. Its advantages are more prominent than traditional treatment methods, and the treatment effect is particularly remarkable. In August 2009, it was listed as an "innovative project" by the Ministry of Science and Technology; In June 5438+February 2009, the product was listed in the Catalogue of Environmental Protection Technologies Encouraged by the State by the Ministry of Environmental Protection. 20 10 was recognized as "national key new product" by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine in May. 20 12 was listed as "environmental protection technology encouraged by the state" by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in July.
(2) Intensive treatment
Because biochemistry is the mainstream of sewage treatment in China at present, biochemical technology was mainly developed in the past, and the core of biochemical treatment technology was to cultivate microorganisms. The common biochemical treatment of sewage is to cultivate microorganisms in sewage through aeration. Because the microbial biomass produced by aeration biochemical method can not meet the needs of sewage treatment, three ways are often used in design to make up for the shortcomings of this technology: increasing aeration volume, expanding aeration tank and prolonging the long residence time of sewage. However, due to the influence of climate, impact load, water quality and other factors, it is difficult to reach the standard stably, and then the project is upgraded. Some projects have been changed and changed, which is not only costly, time-consuming and laborious.
Microbial generator is a new type of sewage purification equipment developed on the basis of fully drawing lessons from aerobic biological method, immobilized microbial method and biological addition method. Under the conditions of saving sewage treatment investment, reducing sewage treatment land occupation, saving sewage treatment operation cost, eliminating sewage odor and reducing sludge discharge. This equipment can make the sewage superior to the national standard after advanced treatment, and can be discharged or recycled, and it has obtained the national patent of 20 14.
Microbial generator is a waste strengthening equipment in wastewater treatment, which can be used in conjunction with various wastewater or sewage treatment processes. According to the different follow-up processes, it can be organically combined as follows: AB process-microbial generator strengthening process; A/O method-microbial generator strengthening process; A2/O method-microbial generator strengthening process; Oxidation ditch-microbial generator strengthening process; SBR- microbial generator strengthening process; Contact oxygen method-microbial generator strengthening process, membrane bioreactor-microbial generator strengthening process; Biological aerated filter-microbial generator strengthening process; Biological aerated filter-microbial generator strengthening process and so on.
Microbial generators can be used in new sewage treatment projects; It can also be used for upgrading old sewage treatment projects; It can also be used for nitrogen and phosphorus removal and landscape management of rivers, lakes and rivers; Ecological restoration of wetland park; Sewage treatment plant sludge reduction, reclaimed water reuse, high concentration, high ammonia nitrogen, high salt content, heavy metals and other toxic and harmful wastewater treatment fields.
The enhanced treatment process of microbial generator has been applied in Chongqing, Hebei, Guizhou, Jilin and other places in China, involving high-salt wastewater, hospital wastewater, chemical wastewater, slaughter wastewater, food wastewater, pharmaceutical wastewater, printing and dyeing wastewater and other fields. A large number of applications have proved that the CODcr of effluent quality is generally below 20mg/L, and the lowest is 5.95 mg/L; Generally, BOD5 is below 10mg/L, and the lowest is 3.50mg/L.: SS is generally below 20mg/L, and the lowest is 6.55 mg/l.
The microbial generator has the following characteristics:
1, rapidly degrade BOD5, CODcr and TSS, and purify sewage;
2. Improve the removal effect and ability of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP);
3. The treatment efficiency can be increased by about 50%, and the influent load can be increased by about 40%;
4. Respond to the possible emergency failure of aeration tank quickly;
5. Improve the biochemical efficiency of refractory pollutants;
6. There is no need for site reconstruction and expansion, which effectively solves the problem of increased sewage volume or load;
7. Effectively solve the problem of sludge bulking caused by abnormal proliferation of filamentous bacteria;
8. Reduce sludge while treating sewage to achieve the effect of not dredging and removing sludge;
9. It only takes a few days to eliminate the odor in sewage and remove the odor in sewage;
10, using the dominant harmless strains selected in nature or at home and abroad, without the worry of secondary pollution;
1 1. After the pollution is purified, the microorganisms die out due to the loss of life energy and become CO2 and H2O；; ;
12. Uninhibited microorganisms can also be used as bait for fish and plankton; Upgrading the old sewage treatment project, 13, saving investment by 70% compared with other sewage treatment methods;
14, compared with other biochemical treatment methods, it saves about 80% electric energy;
15, and the microbial concentration is as high as 1.8× 1020CFU/ml. High concentration of microorganisms greatly improves the treatment efficiency, reduces the volume of aeration tank and saves 40% of engineering investment.
16, which solves the technical problem that the number of microorganisms decreases due to climate change and water temperature decrease, thus affecting the sewage treatment effect;
17, the army of microorganisms fought bravely, effectively solving technical problems such as high salt, high concentration, toxicity, harmfulness, chemicals, heavy metals and landfill leachate. Inhibit the growth of microorganisms and make them difficult to survive;
18, to upgrade or expand the old sewage treatment project without changing the civil engineering;
19. Without changing the sewage treatment process, it can effectively remove phosphorus and nitrogen from sewage, improve the effluent quality of treated sewage, and achieve the effect of discharging up to standard or reusing reclaimed water;
20, directly used in the upstream of micro-pollution sources such as rivers and lakes, directly blocking the source of pollution, at the same time effectively controlling micro-pollution, realizing no discharge of sludge, completely innovating the traditional river treatment methods such as dam opening, water cut-off and dredging, and providing ideal equipment for micro-pollution treatment;
2 1, convenient installation, flexible application, simple operation, only one person in charge can complete the task;
22. Flexible layout, small floor space, high degree of automation, simple operation and management, and low operating cost.
(3) Operation and management of rural sewage
For the operation and management of rural sewage, the degree of automation and automatic supervision are mainly adopted. The so-called degree of automation is to realize real-time operation, control, display and alarm of the whole sewage treatment process through the control system, so as to realize intelligent operation and reduce management personnel and labor intensity.
The so-called automatic supervision means intensive management, centralized remote control of equipment, and optimization and concentration of management, testing and technology platforms by region. The factory is mainly engaged in equipment care operation (65,438+0 people) and remote monitoring and inspection mechanism of the factory. Its advantages are that the number of operators is greatly reduced, and the waterworks with one group of personnel are optimized to three groups of personnel 100 waterworks, which greatly improves the work efficiency and reduces the operation cost.
Intensive management platform includes: information processing platform, sludge disposal platform, equipment control system, factory monitoring system, equipment maintenance system, patrol management system, water sample analysis center, integrated management center, etc.