How did the medical technology of infusion develop to the present level?

Now medical knowledge tells us that all the above are actually the results of correcting peripheral circulation failure caused by dehydration. Therefore, such a positive result was quickly reported by The Lancet magazine and used by other doctors in clinic. However, with the end of the cholera epidemic season, and the poor effect and serious complications of this treatment method (described below), Lata's new method was quickly buried in the long river of history. Judging from the current knowledge, the reason for the poor curative effect is actually very simple. At that time, it was not clear how to configure the components of infusion (such as the ratio of sodium to potassium). Therefore, under the premise of randomly inputting "normal saline" (really normal saline), more patients will inevitably have common complications such as hemolysis and hypothermia. The first infusion attempt, represented by Lata, actually only allowed a small number of people to survive, but more patients did not have the arrangement to reverse their fate. They have all become passers-by in the progress of medical technology. It will take more than 70 years for people to figure out what ingredients infusion should have and how to allocate it reasonably. First, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1903 was awarded to Svante. Svante Arrhenius) praised Arrhenius for putting forward the electrolyte theory, that is, at this time, the medical community began to pay attention to the nature of the electrolyte solution of blood-if blood is transfused, a solution similar to blood electrolyte should be input to prevent side effects. If a large amount of liquid with insufficient electrolyte content is infused, it may cause so-called hypotonic hemolysis, while hypertonic solution will further aggravate dehydration, and so on. So, physiologist William? George? William George MacCallum noticed that the loss of gastric acid can significantly reduce the "chloride ion" in plasma. At this time, if the chlorine-containing solution is supplemented, the electrolyte disorder can be corrected quickly. On this basis, he thinks "salt" is very important. So later, physiological saline (0.9% sodium chloride solution) was born. Is this James? Thanks to James gamble, the father of arterial blood gas, he infused normal saline for the first time on 1936, which successfully improved the prognosis of patients and broke the inherent view that normal saline solution should not be used at will. We noticed that by 1936, it had been 100 years since the first intravenous infusion of Lata. Is it getting better and brighter? Otherwise, there is still a problem to be solved, that is, the speed of intravenous infusion can not be controlled. If you think that intravenous infusion is to make an opening in the vein and then drop the appropriate liquid into it, it is biased. The speed of infusion is very particular. For patients who lose a lot of water, such as burns, the sooner they need to be infused, the better. Sometimes, for the highest speed of infusion, several veins can be opened, otherwise insufficient circulating blood will be fatal. For people with poor circulatory function, such as heart failure, once the infusion speed is fast, it will inevitably lead to an increase in peripheral load and may also lead to death. How to solve this situation? Here is another great person to introduce. This person is a woman first, then a woman who has been a successful actress, then a woman who returned to college after a successful actress, and finally a woman who returned to college after a successful actress to become a scholar. This experience is another mother of CDMA Heidi? Hedy lamarr, just now. Another beauty who doesn't look like strength! Actor Justin? After johnstone retired, she went to Columbia University under her husband's name Wangge. 1938 or so, she designed the prototype of a modern intravenous injection device (the one you are using now), which seems simple, but it solves a very important problem-controlling the drip speed of intravenous infusion at will. In the following story, what you know is that this little invention has not changed much since it was used. What you don't know is that Mrs Vangel later became a famous pathologist, specializing in syphilis. How great is the intravenous infusion set? Perhaps it can be said that its invention influenced the direction of the war in the next few years. With antibiotics, a large number of war wounded survived, so it is probably not an exaggeration to say that it affected the historical process. Seemingly simple treatment measures, from how to infuse, to what kind of liquid should be infused, to how fast infusion should be, and how to avoid complications closely related to infusion, apply aseptic technology (no waste of ink here), and condense the talents of many people! While admiring the convenience and effectiveness of intravenous infusion, we might as well review the ups and downs of this product with a history of 150 years and thank those who have contributed to it.