Please recommend an article to describe the ability of enterprises to transform scientific and technological achievements

High-tech enterprise products, services, samples, prototypes four kinds of products: the company through independent research and development, production or commissioned production of products, mainly with independent intellectual property rights of the product, you can judge the ability of scientific and technological achievements of the main basis for calculating the number of times the sale of the same kind of product can only be counted as a service: the provision of technical services, invoices issued by the customer, by the local tax service, the same technical service contracts Type of four seasons contract can only be counted once the difference between samples and prototypes: samples, he is just a single item that can not be broken down prototypes are a large number of items, including machinery and equipment, such as printer cartridges, computer hard disk, such as printers, computers, medical equipment. Normal production companies, in the assembly line, each to a stage of fruitful, this time it is necessary to test or inspection results, to provide third-party reports, where you need to provide testing / inspection reports, samples of three-dimensional photos. [1]