Question 2: What is the meaning of dialysis Is a patient with uremia is the kidney is not good, in addition to transplantation, the need for dialysis to clean up the body toxins.
Question 3: What is dialysis What is the role of reproduced from Baidu!
Dialysis (dialysis): a separation and purification technology that separates small molecules from biomolecules through the principle of diffusion of small molecules through a semi-permeable membrane into water (or buffer).
Dialysis dialysis
A treatment that allows components of body fluids (solutes or water) to pass through a semipermeable membrane and be removed from the body. It is often used in cases of acute or chronic renal failure, accumulation of drugs or other poisons in the body. Commonly used dialysis methods are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis .
Hemodialysis therapy The patient's blood and dialysis fluid are introduced into the dialyzer at the same time (the flow direction of the two is opposite), and the semi-permeable membrane of the dialyzer (artificial kidney) is utilized to clear the excessive toxins and excessive water accumulated in the blood out of the body, and the bases are replenished to correct the acidosis, to adjust the electrolyte disorders, and to substitute for the excretory function of the kidney.
The hemodialyzer is commonly known as an artificial kidney, and there are three types: hollow fiber type, coiled tubing type, and flat type. The most commonly used is the hollow fiber type, composed of 1 to 15,000 hollow fibers, the wall of the hollow fiber is the dialysis membrane, with semi-permeable membrane properties. During hemodialysis, the blood flows into each hollow fiber, and the dialysate flows through each hollow fiber, and the direction of blood flow is opposite to the direction of dialysate flow, which removes toxins through the principle of semi-permeable membrane, and removes water through ultrafiltration and osmosis.
Indications for hemodialysis include:① Acute renal failure. ② Acute drug or poison poisoning. ③ Chronic renal failure. ③ Chronic renal failure. ④ Renal failure before renal transplantation or post-transplantation rejection reaction makes the transplanted kidney non-functional. ⑤ Other diseases (liver failure, schizophrenia, psoriasis, etc.).
Relative contraindications to hemodialysis include: ① extremely critical condition, hypotension, shock. ② serious infection sepsis. ③ Severe myocardial insufficiency or coronary heart disease. ③ Severe myocardial insufficiency or coronary heart disease. ④ Within 3 days after major surgery. (5) Those with serious bleeding tendency, cerebral hemorrhage and severe anemia. (6) Those who are uncooperative in mental illness. The first time I saw a patient with a malignant tumor, I was able to see the patient's face.
In general, patients need hemodialysis 3 times a week, 4-5 hours each time. Dialysis should be started as early as possible to correct irreversible organ damage and metabolic disorders due to excessive accumulation of toxins, and should be started when the creatinine clearance rate drops to 10-12 mL/min. Patients aged 15-60 years old have good results and are safe on dialysis, but due to the continuous improvement of dialysis technology and the emergence of new dialysis equipment, patients aged 70 years old or older can also get good results.
In order to ensure the quality of life of dialysis patients and to improve the recovery rate, hemodialysis patients should be guaranteed a daily intake of protein of 1.0-1.2 g/kg and 146.3 kJ/kg, as well as an adequate intake of water-soluble vitamins and micronutrients to replenish the amount of dialysis loss. The 5-year survival rate of dialysis patients varies from country to country, ranging from 50% to 80%, and the 10-year survival rate of more than 50% has also been reported.
Peritoneal dialysis Peritoneal dialysis utilizes the peritoneum as a semi-permeable membrane and injects peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity through a peritoneal tube to remove toxins through the principle of dispersion, to correct the disorders of electrolyte and acid-base balance, and to achieve ultrafiltration and dehydration through the principle of osmosis (by adding glucose to the peritoneal fluid to increase the osmolality of the peritoneal fluid) to substitute for the excretory function of the kidney.
The equipment for peritoneal dialysis is simpler than hemodialysis, can be operated at the bedside, and avoids sudden changes in fluid balance.
Peritoneal dialysis is divided into continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD, where the patient is free to move around with the equipment), continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis (CCPD, which has the same advantages as CAPD, relying on the peritoneal wall dialysis machine at night, but can still work during the day) and intermittent peritoneal dialysis (for acute patients). Generally, 4 to 6 PD sessions should be performed per day, with 2,000mL of peritoneal fluid infused into each session. Peritoneal dialysis is not dependent on machines, is easy to operate, and does not require special training of personnel, so it is inexpensive and can be carried out in primary care units. Although the indications of peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis are the same, they have their own advantages and disadvantages, and cannot replace each other. Therefore, appropriate choices should be made according to the patient's primary etiology, condition, and medical and economic conditions, so as to maximize the benefits for the patient. The following conditions should be given priority to peritoneal dialysis: ① elderly, poor cardiovascular system function. ② the establishment of hemodialysis vascular access difficulties. Those who have serious bleeding tendency and cannot do systemic heparinization for hemodialysis. ③ Those who have serious bleeding tendency and can't do hemodialysis with systemic heparinization. ④ Those who have diabetic nephropathy and uremia, adding insulin into the peritoneal cavity can make the blood sugar control better. The following conditions are contraindications to peritoneal dialysis: ① within 3 days after major abdominal surgery. ② Peritoneal adhesion or intestinal obstruction. (iii) Infections in the abdominal wall that cannot be colonized into the peritoneal dialysis tube. ④ Abdominal tumors, intestinal fistula, diaphragmatic hernia and so on.
Strict aseptic operation can cause peritonitis, repeated episodes of peritonitis can make the abdominal wall hacking Geng dung intertubular eunuchs...... >>
Question 4: Renal failure is life-threatening. Artificial kidney is a machine made according to the working principle of the kidney, can replace the patient has lost the function of the kidney. Figure A (1) Figure B 2 people ① is the glomerulus, ② is the renal capsule, ③ renal tubules, ④ is the renal vein. The renal unit consists of the renal corpuscle and tubule, and the renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus and the renal capsule. (a) semi-permeable membrane can be blood 2 people urea uric acid and other diffusion to the dialysis solution 2, its role is equivalent to the glomerulus and renal capsule lining people filtration. Urine formation process of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption, the artificial kidney does not have reabsorption process; (3) hepatocytes produce human urea through the diffusion of diffusion to the peripheral hepatic capillaries, thus entering the bloodstream, through the hepatic vein, the inferior vena cava to reach the right atrium, the right ventricle, and then through the pulmonary artery, the pulmonary capillaries, the pulmonary vein to reach the left atrium, the left ventricle, through the aorta, the renal artery, the glomerular arteries, glomerular, renal tubular, and the left atrium. Then the left atrium and left ventricle are reached by the pulmonary capillaries, pulmonary veins, left atrium and left ventricle, and then the aorta, renal arteries, entry arterioles, glomeruli, renal tubules, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra are discharged. Therefore, the answer is: (1) glomerulus; renal capsule; renal tubule; (a) glomerulus; reabsorption (3) right atrium; pulmonary vein.
Question 5: What is the difference between dialysis and dialysis Difference between dialysis and osmosis Dialysis: molecules, ions through a semi-permeable membrane, and colloidal particles can not pass through the semi-permeable membrane process. The principle of dialysis is similar to that of colloid dialysis. In dialysis, the patient's blood passes through a dialysis membrane that is immersed in a dialysis solution.
Question 6: What is the name of the instrument that draws out and filters human blood and then draws it back? Nephrodialysis instrument, hemodialysis instrument for patients with renal failure, I wish the owner was just curious to ask, you and your friends and relatives do not have any contact with it. The first thing you need to do is to get your hands on a new one, and you'll be able to do that.