This standard specifies the site selection requirements, technical requirements, furnace waste requirements, operation requirements, emission control requirements, monitoring requirements, implementation and supervision of domestic waste incineration plants.
This standard is applicable to pollution control, supervision and management in the design, environmental impact assessment, completion acceptance and operation of domestic waste incineration plants.
Pollution control of sludge produced by industrial kilns, domestic sewage treatment facilities and special incinerators for general industrial solid waste with the quality of domestic waste exceeding 30% of the total mass of materials entering the kiln shall be implemented with reference to this standard.
This standard is applicable to the discharge of pollutants permitted by law; The site selection of new pollution sources and the management of existing pollution sources in special protection zones shall be in accordance with the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Protection of Marine Environment, the Law of People's Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste and the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution.
2. Normative reference documents
The contents of this document refer to the clauses in the following documents. For undated reference documents, the latest edition is applicable to this document.
Measures for the Administration of Automatic Monitoring of Pollution Sources (Decree No.28 of the State Environmental Protection Administration)
Measures for the Administration of Environmental Monitoring (Decree No.39 of the State Environmental Protection Administration)
Classification Catalogue of Medical Wastes (Wei [2003] No.287)
Terms and definitions
The following terms and definitions apply to this standard.
3. 1 incinerator
Device for treating domestic garbage by high-temperature oxidation.
3.2 Incineration capacity
Design capacity of incinerator for burning domestic waste per unit time.
3.3 Furnace
The space in an incinerator surrounded by the furnace wall for fuel combustion.
3.4 flue gas residence time
The flue gas produced by combustion is in the high temperature section (? 850℃).
3.5 Incineration bottom of incineration slag
Residue discharged directly from the furnace after incineration of domestic garbage, ash discharged from superheater and economizer.
3.6 fly ash incineration fly ash incineration
The catcher and bottom ash of flue gas purification system are deposited at the bottom of flue and chimney.
3.7 loss on ignition rate
The percentage of the mass of incineration slag reduced by combustion to the mass of original incineration slag. The calculation method is as follows:
P=(A-B)/A× 100%
Where: p-loss on ignition rate,%;
A—— the mass of incineration slag cooled to room temperature after drying at 1 10℃ for 2h, g,
B—— mass of incineration slag cooled to room temperature after burning at 600℃ (25℃) for 3 hours, g
3.8 dioxins
Polychlorinated dibenzo-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans.
3.9 Toxic Equivalent Factor (TEF)
Affinity ratio of dioxins to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins for Ah receptors.
3. 10 toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ)
The concentration of each dioxin-like substance is converted into the equivalent concentration equivalent to the toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo to dioxin, and the equivalent concentration is the product of the measured concentration and the toxicity equivalent factor of isomers.
3. 1 1 harmless industrial solid waste
Solid wastes generated in industrial production activities, except hazardous wastes.
3. 12 existing garbage incinerator existing municipal solid waste generator
Before the implementation of this standard, the domestic waste incinerator has been built and put into use or the environmental impact assessment document has been approved.
3. 13 Newly-built domestic waste incinerator
After the implementation of this standard, the environmental impact assessment documents of domestic waste incineration plants newly built, rebuilt and expanded have been approved.
3. 14 national standard conditions
Gas state at temperature of 273. 16K and pressure of101.325kpa. ..
3. Determination of average value of15
During the sampling period, the average values of the test values of at least three samples are collected at equal time intervals (at least 30 minutes and at most 8 hours); Evil English class
The sampling interval of is at least 6 hours and at most 8 hours.
3. Average hourly value of161hour
Arithmetic average of pollutant concentration in any 1 hour; Or within 1 hour, the arithmetic average of the test values of four samples is collected at equal time intervals.
3. 1724 hour average daily average
Arithmetic average of 24 consecutive 1 hour averages.
3. 18 reference oxygen content emission concentration reference oxygen content emission concentration
The emission limits of various pollutant concentrations specified in this standard refer to the standard oxygen emission concentration after conversion based on 1 1%(V/V%)O2 (dry flue gas) under standard conditions, which is converted by the following formula:
ρ=ρ'×(2 1- 1 1)/(ψ0(O2)-ψ'(O2))
Where:? ρ-emission concentration of reference oxygen content of air pollutants, mg/m3;
ρ'-measured emission concentration of air pollutants, mg/m3;
ψ 0 (O2)-initial oxygen content of combustion-supporting air,%. When air is used for combustion, 21;
ψ' (O2)-measured oxygen content of flue gas,%.
4. Site selection requirements
4. 1 The site selection of the domestic waste incineration plant shall conform to the local overall urban and rural planning, environmental protection planning and special environmental sanitation planning, and meet the requirements of local air pollution prevention, water resources protection and natural ecological protection.
4.2 The site selection of domestic waste incineration plant and its distance from surrounding people should be determined according to the conclusion of environmental impact assessment. With the approval of the competent administrative department of environmental protection with the power of examination and approval, this distance can be used as the basis for planning control.
4.3 In the environmental impact assessment of the site selection of domestic waste incineration plant, the possible leakage of harmful substances, the generation and diffusion of atmospheric pollutants (including malodorous substances) and possible accident risks should be considered, and the impact on the surrounding environment, residents' health, daily life and production activities should be comprehensively evaluated according to the types of regional environmental functional zones, so as to determine the rationality between domestic waste incineration plant and permanent residents' houses, agricultural land, surface water bodies and other sensitive targets.
technical requirement
5. 1 The transportation of domestic garbage should be sealed to avoid garbage spillage, odor leakage and sewage dripping during transportation.
5.2 Domestic waste storage facilities and leachate collection facilities should be closed by negative pressure, and ensure that they are under negative pressure during operation and parking. The gas in these facilities should be sent to the incinerator for high temperature treatment, or collected and deodorized to meet the requirements of GB 14554 before being discharged.
5.3 The main technical performance indexes of domestic waste incinerator shall meet the following requirements.
(1) The incineration temperature in the furnace, the residence time of flue gas in the furnace and the ignition loss rate of incineration slag shall meet the requirements in Table 1.
(2) Before 20151231,the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gas emitted by existing domestic waste incinerators should meet the limit specified in GB 18485-200 1.
(3) From 20 16 65438+ 10/day, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gas discharged by the existing domestic waste incinerator shall be subject to the limit specified in Table 2.
(4) From 20th1July14th, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the flue gas discharged from the newly-built domestic waste incinerator shall meet the limit specified in Table 2.
5.4 Each domestic waste incinerator must be equipped with an independent flue gas purification system and on-line flue gas monitoring device, and the treated flue gas should be discharged through an independent exhaust pipe; The exhaust pipes of several domestic waste incinerators can be discharged in multiple pipe clusters.
5.5 The height of the incinerator chimney shall not be lower than that specified in Table 3, and the specific height shall be determined according to the conclusion of environmental impact assessment. If there are buildings within a radius of 200 meters around the chimney, the height of the chimney should be at least 3 meters higher than the tallest building in the area.
5.6 The incinerator shall be equipped with combustion-supporting system, which shall be used when the boiler is started or stopped and when the incineration temperature in the incinerator is lower than the temperature required in Table 1. The operating conditions of the incinerator shall meet the requirements of Article 5.3 of this standard.
5.7 A permanent sampling hole shall be set up according to the requirements of GB/T 16 157. A safety monitoring platform with guardrail of not less than 3m2 shall be set up directly below the sampling hole, and a permanent power supply (220V) shall be set up to place sampling equipment for sampling operation.
Furnace waste requirements
6. 1 The following wastes can be directly incinerated in the domestic waste incinerator:
-Mixed domestic garbage collected by environmental sanitation institutions or collected by domestic garbage generating units themselves;
—— General industrial solid waste collected by environmental sanitation institutions and similar in nature to domestic waste generated by industries serving urban life such as clothing processing and food processing;
-The oversize generated in the screening process of domestic waste composting and other solid residues generated in the biochemical treatment process;
-The infectious wastes in the Classified Catalogue of Medical Wastes shall be broken, deformed and disinfected according to the requirements of HJ/T228, HJ/T229 and HJ/T276, and the disinfection effect inspection index shall be reached.
6.2 Under the premise of not affecting the pollutant discharge standard of domestic waste incinerator and the normal operation of the incinerator, the sludge and general industrial solid waste generated by domestic sewage treatment facilities can enter the domestic waste incinerator for incineration, and the pollutant concentration in the flue gas discharged by the incinerator should meet the limits specified in Table 4.
6.3 The following garbage shall not be burned in the domestic garbage incinerator:
-Hazardous wastes, except those specified in Article 6. 1 of this standard;
-Electronic waste and its treatment and disposal residues.
Unless otherwise provided by the competent administrative department of environmental protection of the state.
7. Operational requirements
7. 1 When the incinerator is started, the domestic garbage can only be put into use after the incineration temperature in the incinerator rises to the temperature specified in Article 5.3 of this standard. Self-investment
After entering the domestic garbage, the investment should be gradually increased until the rated garbage disposal capacity is reached; At the start-up stage of the incinerator, the incineration temperature in the incinerator shall be
In order to meet the requirements of 1 in this standard table, the incinerator should reach a stable working state within 4 hours.
7.2 When the incinerator stops, start the garbage combustion-supporting system from the moment the domestic garbage stops to ensure the complete combustion of the remaining garbage and meet the following requirements.
Incineration temperature requirements in the furnace specified in this standard table 1
7.3 If the incinerator fails during operation, it should be overhauled in time and returned to normal as soon as possible. If it can't be repaired, stop adding domestic garbage immediately.
Stop the boiler according to the requirements of Article 7.2 of this standard. The continuous discharge of pollutants for each fault or accident shall not exceed 4 hours.
7.4 The pollution discharge time during the start and stop of the incinerator every year and the cumulative pollution discharge time in case of failure or accident shall not exceed 60 hours.
7.5 During the operation of the domestic waste incineration plant, an operation record system shall be established to truthfully record the operation and management, including at least the garbage receiving, charging, facility operation parameters and environmental monitoring data. The operation record book shall be arranged and kept in accordance with the laws and regulations of the state on file management.
Emission control requirements
8. Before120151231,the pollutant concentration in the flue gas discharged by the existing domestic waste incinerator shall meet the limit specified in GB 18485-200 1.
8.2 From 2016 65438+1kloc-0/,the concentration of pollutants in the flue gas discharged by the existing domestic waste incinerator shall meet the limits specified in Table 4.
8.3 From July 1 day, 2065, the pollutant concentration in the flue gas discharged from the newly-built domestic waste incinerator shall meet the limit value specified in Table 4.
8.4 The concentration of dioxin pollutants in the sludge produced by domestic sewage treatment facilities and the flue gas discharged by the special incinerator for general industrial solid waste shall meet the limits specified in Table 5.
8.5 During the time specified in Articles 7. 1, 7.2, 7.3 and 7.4 of this standard, the obtained monitoring data shall not be used as the basis for evaluating whether the emission limit of this standard is reached, but the average particle concentration 1 hour in these time periods shall not be greater than 150mg/m3.
8.6 Domestic waste incineration fly ash and incineration slag shall be collected, stored, transported and disposed of separately. Fly ash from domestic waste incineration should be managed as hazardous waste, and it should meet the requirements of GB 16889 if it enters the domestic waste landfill for disposal. If it enters the cement kiln for disposal, it shall meet the requirements of GB30485.
8.7 Domestic waste leachate and car wash wastewater should be collected and treated in domestic waste incineration plant or sent to leachate treatment facilities of domestic waste landfill for treatment. After treatment, it can meet the requirements in Table 2 of GB 16889 (if the site meets the requirements in Article 9. 1.4 of GB 16889, it should meet the requirements in Table 3 of GB 16889).
The following conditions shall be met if it is sent to the urban sewage treatment plant after secondary treatment through sewage pipe network or closed transportation:
(1) After being treated by the domestic waste incineration plant, the concentrations of pollutants such as total mercury, total cadmium, total chromium, hexavalent chromium, total arsenic and total lead meet the concentration limit requirements specified in Table 2 of GB 16889;
(2) The daily total amount of domestic garbage leachate and vehicle cleaning wastewater treated by urban secondary sewage treatment plants shall not exceed 0.5% of the sewage treatment capacity;
(3) The urban secondary sewage treatment plant should set up special regulating tanks for domestic garbage leachate and vehicle cleaning wastewater, and uniformly inject them into the biochemical treatment unit;
(4) It does not affect the sewage treatment effect of urban secondary sewage treatment plants.
Monitoring requirements
9. 1 Enterprises operating domestic waste incineration plants shall establish enterprise monitoring systems according to relevant laws and the Measures for the Administration of Environmental Monitoring, formulate monitoring plans, and report them to local environmental protection administrative departments and industry departments for the record. Self-monitoring of pollutant discharge and its impact on the surrounding environmental quality, keeping original monitoring records and publishing monitoring results.
9.2 Domestic waste incineration plant operating enterprises shall design, construct and maintain permanent sampling ports, sampling test platforms and sewage outlet signs in accordance with the requirements of environmental monitoring management regulations and technical specifications.
9.3 Waste gas sampling from domestic waste incineration plant operating enterprises shall be conducted at the specified pollutant emission monitoring location according to the types of pollutants monitored; If there are waste gas treatment facilities, they should be tested after the facilities. The monitoring and sampling of air pollutants in the exhaust pipe shall be carried out according to GB/T 16 157, HJ/T397 or HJ/T75.
9.4 The monitoring of heavy metal pollutants in flue gas and incineration loss rate of incineration slag by operating enterprises of domestic waste incineration plant shall be carried out at least 1 time per month; The monitoring of dioxin in flue gas should be carried out at least 1 time every year, and its sampling requirements should be implemented according to the relevant provisions of HJ77.2, and its concentration is the arithmetic average of three consecutive measured values. The frequency and sampling time requirements for other air pollutant emission monitoring shall be implemented in accordance with relevant environmental monitoring management regulations and technical specifications.
9.5 The competent administrative department of environmental protection shall conduct daily supervisory monitoring of domestic waste incineration plants in a random way. The monitoring of the ignition loss rate of particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen chloride, heavy metal pollutants and carbon monoxide in incineration slag and flue gas shall be conducted at least 65,438+0 times per quarter, and the monitoring of dioxin in flue gas shall be conducted at least 65,438+0 times per year.
9.6 The determination method for monitoring the concentration of air pollutants in the incinerator adopts the method standards listed in Table 6.
9.7 Domestic waste incineration plants shall be equipped with on-line monitoring devices for the operation status of incinerators, and the monitoring results shall be publicized through electronic display screens and networked with the monitoring centers of local environmental protection administrative departments and industry management departments. On-line monitoring indicators of incinerator working conditions should at least include carbon monoxide concentration in flue gas and incineration temperature in the furnace.
9.8 Installation requirements of on-line flue gas monitoring device in domestic waste incineration plant shall be implemented in accordance with Management Measures for Automatic Monitoring of Pollution Sources, and shall be checked regularly. The online monitoring results should be publicized through electronic display boards and networked with the monitoring centers of local environmental protection administrative departments and industry management departments. On-line monitoring indicators of flue gas should at least include carbon monoxide, particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride in flue gas.
10. Implementation and supervision
10. 1 This standard is supervised and implemented by the administrative department of environmental protection of the people's government at or above the county level and the competent department of industry.
10.2 in any case, the domestic waste incineration plant shall comply with the pollutant emission control requirements of this standard and take necessary measures to ensure the normal operation of pollution prevention facilities. Environmental protection departments at all levels can obtain the average value by real-time sampling on the spot when supervising and inspecting the domestic waste incineration plant, and take the monitoring results as the basis for judging whether the pollution discharge behavior meets the emission standards and implementing relevant environmental protection management measures.
Control Standard for Induced Polarization of Municipal Solid Waste (GB 18485-200 1 instead of HJ/T 18- 1996, GWKB 3-2000 2002-01-0/KLOC.