1. Implementation of the National Economic and Social Development Plan in 2011
In 2011, faced with the complex and ever-changing international political and economic environment and the new situations and changes in domestic economic operations, various In accordance with the decisions and arrangements of the central government, regions and departments should take scientific development as the theme, accelerate the transformation of the economic development model as the main line, and strengthen and improve macro-control in accordance with the national economic and social development plan reviewed and approved by the Fourth Session of the Eleventh National People's Congress, Correctly handle the relationship between maintaining stable and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure and managing inflation expectations, consolidate and expand the results of responding to the impact of the international financial crisis, and the national economy continues to develop in the expected direction of macro-control, showing rapid growth, stable prices, Good results and improved people's livelihood. The implementation of the plan is generally good, achieving a good start for the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan".
(1) The economy develops steadily and rapidly.
The economic operation is generally stable and efficiency remains at a high level. According to preliminary calculations, the GDP was 47,156.4 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2% over the previous year, exceeding the expected target by 1.2 percentage points. The economic growth rate has declined moderately compared with the previous year, but it is in line with the regulatory direction determined at the beginning of the year and is still in a relatively fast range. The primary, secondary and tertiary industries grew by 4.5%, 10.6% and 8.9% respectively, exceeding the expected targets by 0.2, 2.4 and 0.4 percentage points. The total industrial added value was 18.86 trillion yuan, an increase of 10.7%. Strengthen the connection between the supply and demand of coal, electricity, oil and gas transportation, and the needs of residents' lives, key periods and important areas are better guaranteed. The quality and efficiency of economic growth continued to improve. Industrial enterprises above designated size achieved profits of 5.45 trillion yuan, an increase of 25.4% over the previous year; the national public finance revenue was 10.37 trillion yuan, an increase of 24.8%. , the fiscal deficit was 50 billion yuan less than budgeted.
Chart 1. GDP growth rate. Xinhua News Agency reported that consumption and investment grew steadily, and the power of domestic demand increased significantly. Various policies and measures to expand consumption have been carefully implemented and continuously improved. The total retail sales of consumer goods reached 18,391.9 billion yuan, an increase of 17.1%, exceeding the expected target by 1.1 percentage points. The investment structure has been adjusted and optimized, and the growth rate and proportion of private investment have continued to increase. The fixed asset investment in the whole society was 31.1022 billion yuan, an increase of 23.6%, exceeding the expected target by 5.6 percentage points. Among them, the investment in the eastern, central, western and northeastern regions increased by 20.1%, 27.5% and 28.7% respectively. % and 30.4%; private investment (excluding farmers) increased by 34.3%, and its proportion increased by 4.5 percentage points. Final consumption and gross capital formation drove economic growth by 4.7 and 5 percentage points respectively; the contribution rate of final consumption was 51.6%, an increase of 10.1 percentage points, and the contribution rate of gross capital formation was 54.2%, an increase of 10.1 percentage points. 1.4 percentage points.
(2) Price increases have been initially contained.
Market supply remains stable. Vigorously develop agriculture, especially grain production, support the construction of vegetable production bases, and implement pig production support policies; initiate the temporary purchase and storage of cotton, rapeseed, soybeans, and corn, and establish a winter and spring vegetable reserve system in northern large cities; timely organize corn, soybeans, In-demand commodities such as edible oil, cotton, sugar, and pork were imported and released, and a total of 39.86 million tons of national grain reserves and 1.27 million tons of sugar were released.
Monetary conditions have improved significantly. A variety of monetary policy tools were used comprehensively, the deposit reserve ratio was raised 6 times, and the deposit and loan benchmark interest rates were raised 3 times. New RMB loans for the whole year were 7.47 trillion yuan, 390.1 billion yuan less than the previous year; the balance of broad money supply M2 at the end of the year increased by 13.6% year-on-year, 2.4 percentage points lower than the expected target.
Circulation costs are under control. A number of fees related to agriculture and enterprises have been cancelled, reduced and exempted. Preferential price policies have been implemented for water and electricity used in the production of agricultural and sideline products, and value-added tax is exempted from vegetable wholesale and retail. The special clean-up of toll roads and the cancellation of government loan repayment tolls on secondary roads are progressing in an orderly manner. Charging practices for entry to farmers market stalls and supermarkets have been further regulated.
Market supervision continues to be strengthened. Strictly investigate and punish the price violations of a small number of commercial enterprises, carry out in-depth special actions such as anti-price fraud, crack down on malicious hoarding, investigate and deal with the spread of false price increase information, and vigorously promote anti-price monopoly law enforcement.
Throughout the year, 45,100 price-violating cases of various types were investigated and dealt with, and economic sanctions of 2.091 billion yuan were implemented.
Price increases gradually narrowed. The year-on-year increase in consumer prices dropped from 6.5% in July to 4.1% in December, and the year-on-year increase was 5.4%, failing to achieve the expected target. The growth rate of house prices in key cities has slowed down. In December, among 70 large and medium-sized cities, the price of newly built commercial residential buildings fell year-on-year in 9, and the number of cities with month-on-month price decreases expanded to 52.
Chart 2: Monthly changes in year-on-year consumer price growth. Xinhua News Agency reported that the impact of price increases has been alleviated. A linkage mechanism linking social assistance and security standards with price increases has been fully established. The price adjustment fund system has been established in accordance with the law and continuously improved. A total of nearly 10 billion yuan in temporary price subsidies have been distributed throughout the year.
(3) Agriculture and rural development maintain a good momentum.
The production of major agricultural products increased across the board. Summer grain, early rice, and autumn grain harvests were bumper, with output increasing by 2.5%, 4.5%, and 5.1% respectively over the previous year. The annual grain output reached 571.21 million tons, an increase of 4.5%, achieving an increase in output for eight consecutive years. Both total output and unit yield hit record highs. The output of oil crops was 32.79 million tons, an increase of 1.5%; the output of sugar was 125.2 million tons, an increase of 4.3%; the output of cotton was 6.6 million tons, an increase of 10.7%; the total output of meat was 79.57 million tons, an increase of 0.4%. ; The output of aquatic products was 56 million tons, an increase of 4.2%.
Chart 3 shows the increase in grain production for eight consecutive years. Xinhua News Agency issued
The policy of strengthening agriculture, benefiting farmers and enriching farmers has been fully implemented. National fiscal expenditures for "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" reached 2.9342 billion yuan, an increase of 21.2%; the proportion of central budget investment in agriculture and rural construction exceeded 50%. The construction of an additional 100 billion kilograms of grain production capacity has been comprehensively advanced, investment in key projects such as river management, backbone water sources, construction of large irrigation areas and water-saving renovation has increased, and farmland water conservancy construction and management of small and medium-sized rivers have been strengthened. Throughout the year, 313,300 hectares of cultivated land were replenished, and more than 4 million hectares of high-standard basic farmland were built. Subsidies for agricultural production have been increased, and the minimum purchase prices of wheat and rice have increased by an average of 5.4 yuan and 14 yuan per 50 kilograms respectively.
Rural production and living conditions have been further improved. The drinking water safety problem of 63.98 million rural residents and rural school teachers and students has been solved, and the penetration rate of safe drinking water in rural areas has reached 75%. 340,000 kilometers of rural power grid lines were built and renovated, 190,000 kilometers of rural roads were newly renovated, the construction of 331 new rural electrification counties with hydropower was launched, 2.8 million new biogas users were added, and 110,000 small hydropower users were added as fuel. 2.65 million dilapidated rural houses were renovated, an increase of 1.45 million over the previous year. We supported the construction of 4.3 million tons of grain collection and storage warehouses, 115 agricultural product wholesale markets, and 186 agricultural product cold chain logistics projects. The rural circulation "Ten Thousands of Villages and Thousands of Townships" market project and chain operation network construction are developing in depth.
(4) Actively promote economic structural adjustment.
The ability of independent innovation has been enhanced, and the development momentum of strategic emerging industries is good. The Innovation 2020 project began to be implemented. 54 new national (key) laboratories and 28 national engineering laboratories were built, 23 national science and technology basic conditions platforms were recognized, 88 national enterprise technology centers were established, and 173 laboratories (engineering centers) were jointly established by the central and local governments. . Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou-8 successfully achieved rendezvous and docking, the Beidou satellite navigation system was put into trial operation, and the yield per 100-acre super hybrid rice test field exceeded 900 kilograms. Special funds for strategic emerging industries were established, and 41 new emerging industry venture capital funds were added. National standards for terrestrial digital television and fourth-generation mobile communication technology standards with independent intellectual property rights have become new international standards. Major projects such as flat panel displays, integrated circuits, intelligent manufacturing equipment, biopharmaceuticals and breeding, and the national gene bank have achieved phased breakthroughs. The construction of 21 e-commerce demonstration cities and 5 cloud computing demonstration cities has started. The Zhongguancun National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Development Plan The outline is promulgated and implemented. The added value of high-tech manufacturing increased by 16.5%, which was 2.6 percentage points higher than the growth rate of the added value of industries above designated size.
Chart 4. Value added of high-tech manufacturing industry. Xinhua News Agency reported that
Industrial transformation and upgrading have been accelerated, and basic support capabilities have been improved. The new industrial structure adjustment guidance catalog was promulgated and implemented. The central government has invested 15 billion yuan in special funds for the revitalization and technological transformation of key industries within its budget, supporting more than 4,000 enterprise technological transformation projects.
The equipment manufacturing industry has developed rapidly, and the level of autonomy of major technical equipment has increased significantly. The work of phasing out backward production capacity was actively carried out. 150 million tons of backward cement production capacity, 31.22 million tons of iron-making capacity, 19.25 million tons of coke production capacity, and 24.63 million tons of coal mine production capacity were eliminated. More than 7 million kilowatts of small thermal power units were shut down, all of which exceeded the plan. Target. The construction of transportation infrastructure was accelerated, with 2,167 kilometers of new railways put into operation and the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway put into operation; 71,400 kilometers of new highways were opened to traffic, and 20,000 kilometers of national and provincial highways were renovated and expanded; 1,091 kilometers of inland waterways were improved; 5 transport airports. The development of energy, especially renewable energy and clean energy, has accelerated, with newly installed non-fossil energy power capacity exceeding 34 million kilowatts, accounting for more than one-third of all newly installed capacity. The annual raw coal output was 3.52 billion tons, an increase of 8.7%; the crude oil output was 204 million tons, an increase of 0.3%; and the power generation capacity was 4,700.1 billion kilowatt hours, an increase of 11.7%.
The development environment of the service industry continues to improve, and its level continues to rise. Policies and measures to support the development of the modern logistics industry, high-tech service industry, and household service industry have been promulgated and implemented, and national service industry development guidance funds have been used to support the construction of service industry clusters and productive service platforms. Actively promote the pilot comprehensive reform of the service industry and the construction of demonstration cities for the innovative development of the modern service industry. Strengthen the cultivation of emerging business formats in the modern service industry, promote large-scale, branded, and networked operations in the service industry, and accelerate the development of modern service industries such as information, consulting, cultural creativity, and e-commerce.
The overall regional development strategy has been advanced in depth, and the implementation of the main functional area strategy has made a good start. Policies and measures for the new 10-year development of the western region have been fully implemented. 22 new key projects for the development of the western region were started, with a total investment scale of 207.9 billion yuan. Various measures to promote the leap-forward development and long-term peace and stability of Tibet and Xinjiang, as well as to accelerate the development of Tibetan areas in Qinghai and other four provinces, have been well implemented, and counterpart support work in the new era has been fully carried out. The results of the revitalization of old industrial bases such as Northeast China have been consolidated and expanded, and new progress has been made in industrial structural adjustment and reform and opening up. The central government's financial transfer payment for resource-depleted cities reached 13.5 billion yuan, an increase of 6 billion yuan from the previous year. The plan to promote the rise of the central region has been fully implemented, the construction of "three bases and one hub" has been steadily advanced, and the work of undertaking industrial transfers in the central and western regions has been carried out in an orderly manner. The economic transformation and upgrading of the eastern region has taken new steps, and the national marine economic development pilot work has been carried out steadily. Regional plans for the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Zone, the West Bank Economic Zone, and the Hebei Coast, as well as regional policy documents such as the Yunnan Bridgehead and the Central Plains Economic Zone, have been issued. The construction of pilot functional zones such as Shenzhen Qianhai, Zhuhai Hengqin, Fujian Pingtan, and Zhejiang Zhoushan has been smooth. Advance. The national main functional zone plan was promulgated and implemented, and a fiscal transfer payment policy was implemented for the national key ecological functional zones. The post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction in Wenchuan was successfully completed, and the basic production and living conditions and economic and social development levels in the disaster area were significantly higher than before the earthquake. Post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in Yushu, Zhouqu and Yingjiang are progressing smoothly.
(5) Energy conservation, emission reduction and ecological environment protection will be further strengthened.
Energy conservation work is actively promoted. The annual energy consumption per unit of GDP dropped by 2.01%. Although the planned target was not achieved, work intensity continued to increase and policies and measures continued to be improved. The “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction was promulgated and implemented. We supported 924 key energy-saving projects, which will have an annual energy-saving capacity of more than 22 million tons of standard coal upon completion. The energy-saving products project to benefit the people was implemented in depth, and more than 16 million high-efficiency energy-saving air conditioners, more than 5 million kilowatt motors, and 160 million energy-saving lamps were promoted. The pilot work on demonstration and promotion of energy-saving and new energy vehicles is progressing smoothly. Semiconductor lighting application project pilot projects were carried out in 37 cities. The contract energy management policy was further implemented. There are 415 major projects to support circular economy and resource conservation. Once completed, they will be able to save 920 million tons of water and recycle 72.4 million tons of waste annually. The national "urban mineral" demonstration base, the recycling transformation of industrial parks, and the resource utilization of kitchen waste are progressing smoothly, and the industrialization of remanufacturing has achieved preliminary results.
Ecological and environmental protection has been strengthened. Key projects such as soil and water conservation in the upper and middle reaches of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers, the second phase of natural forest resource protection, control of sandstorm sources in Beijing and Tianjin, comprehensive control of rocky desertification in karst areas, small watershed control, and construction of protective forest systems continue to advance, and pilot projects for comprehensive control of soil erosion on sloping farmland have been expanded. The results of returning farmland to forest were further consolidated, the policy of returning grazing land to grassland was further improved, and pilot projects for lake ecological environment protection were launched. More than 6.1 million hectares of trees were planted.
The recent management tasks of the Tarim River and Shiyang River have been basically completed, and the comprehensive management of water environment in key river basins such as Taihu Lake has been actively promoted. The construction of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities has been intensified, with an additional daily urban sewage processing capacity of 11 million tons and a daily garbage processing capacity of 110,000 tons. All new coal-fired power generating units with a capacity of more than 50 million kilowatts are equipped with desulfurization facilities. More than 80% of lead-acid battery companies have closed or stopped production. Annual sulfur dioxide emissions and chemical oxygen demand emissions dropped by 2.2% and 2% respectively, exceeding the planned goals by 0.7 and 0.5 percentage points; ammonia nitrogen emissions dropped by 1.52%, completing the planned goals; Nitrogen oxide emissions increased by 5.73%, failing to meet the planned goal; water consumption per 10,000 yuan of industrial added value was 82 cubic meters, a decrease of 8.9%, meeting the planned goal; the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste was 66.74%, failing to meet the planned goal. Plan goals; the urban sewage treatment rate and the harmless treatment rate of domestic waste reached 82.6% and 78% respectively, exceeding the plan goals.
Pragmatic progress in addressing climate change. The "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" work plan for controlling greenhouse gas emissions was promulgated and implemented, pilot carbon emissions trading was carried out in seven provinces and cities, actively participated in international negotiations such as the Durban Conference of the United Nations Climate Conference, and strengthened international cooperation and talent training in addressing climate change.
(6) Intensify efforts to ensure and improve people’s livelihood.
The employment situation remains stable. Employment policies have been well implemented. The number of new urban jobs was 12.21 million, exceeding the expected target of 3.21 million. The registered urban unemployment rate at the end of the year was 4.1%, achieving the expected target. The initial employment rate of college graduates reached 77.8%, an increase of 1.2 percentage points from the previous year. The re-employment of laid-off and unemployed people and those with employment difficulties reached 5.53 million and 1.8 million respectively. There were 158.63 million migrant workers, an increase of 3.4%.
Chart 6: New employment in cities and towns. Xinhua News Agency reported that residents' income continues to increase. The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents reached 21,810 yuan and 6,977 yuan respectively. Excluding price factors, the real growth rate was 8.4% and 11.4%. Farmers' income was the fastest real growth rate since 1985. . The average monthly income of migrant workers reached 2,049 yuan, an increase of 21.2% over the previous year. The new 10-year rural poverty alleviation and development outline was promulgated, and poverty alleviation in contiguous areas with special difficulties was launched. 900,000 rural poor people were relocated, exceeding the planned target of 30,000 people.
Chart 7: Income growth of urban and rural residents. Xinhua News Agency reported that the social security system covering urban and rural residents has been basically established. 2,147 counties (cities and districts) have launched pilot projects for social pension insurance for urban residents, and 2,343 counties (cities and districts) have launched pilot projects for new rural social pension insurance, with coverage reaching more than 60%. The basic pension for enterprise retirees has been increased for the seventh consecutive year, and the financial subsidy standard for the new rural cooperative medical care and urban residents' basic medical insurance has been increased to 200 yuan per person per year, and 3.12 million enterprise "old work-related injuries" and employees who have died on the job have supported their relatives. Included in the overall management of work-related injury insurance. By the end of the year, the number of people participating in urban basic pension, urban basic medical care, unemployment, work-related injury and maternity insurance reached 289 million, 473 million, 143 million, 177 million and 139 million respectively. The number of insured persons in the new rural insurance pilot areas reached 326 million. The urban and rural minimum living security system benefits more than 53 million people in rural areas and more than 22 million people in cities.
Promote the construction of affordable housing projects on a large scale. Implement and improve preferential policies and use multiple financing channels to support the construction of low-rent housing, the renovation of state-owned industries and mines, forest farms, reclamation areas and coal mine shantytowns decentralized by the central government, as well as the renovation of dilapidated rural houses and the settlement of nomadic herders, of which the central government arranges fiscal funds 171.3 billion yuan, 2.2 times that of the previous year. We will increase the supply of land for affordable housing projects and ensure that all those who need it are guaranteed. By the end of the year, 4.32 million units of affordable housing projects in urban areas had been basically completed; 10.43 million new units (households) had been started, exceeding the planned target.
(7) Comprehensive development of education, health, culture and other social undertakings.
The reform and development of education are actively promoted. The level of funding guarantee for rural compulsory education continues to improve, and the annual per-pupil benchmark quota of public funding has been increased by another 100 yuan, reaching 500 yuan per primary school student in the central and western regions and 700 yuan per junior high school student. The nutrition improvement plan for rural compulsory education students has been launched in concentrated and contiguous areas with special difficulties, benefiting 26 million rural school students.
The nine-year compulsory education consolidation rate was 91.5%, an increase of 1.8 percentage points from the previous year; the gross enrollment rate of high school education was 84%, an increase of 1.5 percentage points from the previous year; general colleges and universities enrolled 6.815 million people, There are 560,000 graduate students, all of whom have achieved the planned goals. The primary medical and health service system has been further improved, and the construction of general practitioner clinical training bases and primary medical and health informatization has been launched. The number of hospital and health center beds per 1,000 people has reached 3.51, an increase of 7.3% over the previous year. The central government has made comprehensive arrangements to deepen the reform of the cultural system and promote the great development and prosperity of socialist culture. The public cultural service system has achieved remarkable results, the cultural industry has accelerated development, and the radio and television village access project and cultural information resources have been fully shared. Engineering, Press and Publication The Dongfeng Project has made important progress, the construction of protective infrastructure for national cultural and natural heritage sites has been intensified, and the National Museum reconstruction and expansion project and the National Theater Theater project have been completed. Philosophy and social sciences, press and publishing, literature and art and other undertakings prospered. The supporting facilities of key scenic spots and tourist routes across the country have been further improved, and the scale of the tourism industry has continued to expand. The total number of tourists received has reached 2.78 billion, an increase of 12.7%. The natural population growth rate is 4.79‰, achieving the planned goal. The construction of the social elderly care service system has accelerated, and the number of elderly care beds per 1,000 elderly people has reached 20.1, an increase of 11.7% over the previous year. The national fitness plan is further advanced, and sports development is accelerated. Rehabilitation and care projects for disabled people were launched.
(8) Reform and opening up will continue to deepen.
New steps have been taken in the reform of key areas and key links. Twenty-five provinces have basically completed the reform of the collective forest rights system, the pilot reform of state-owned forest farms has been officially launched, and the reform of the water conservancy construction management system has been smoothly advanced. The reform of state-owned enterprises continues to deepen, the reform of the separation of main and auxiliary power grid enterprises has made substantial progress, and the three-network integration pilot has been expanded to the capital cities of municipalities and provinces (regions) and other qualified cities. Supportive policies have been formulated to promote the development of small and micro enterprises, and the institutional environment for the development of the non-public economy has been further improved. The price reform of resource products is advancing steadily, a comprehensive regulation plan for coal and electricity prices and guidance on the trial implementation of tiered electricity prices for residents have been issued, the reform of the natural gas price formation mechanism has been piloted in some areas, the pilot program of paid use and trading of emission rights and the reform of water prices have been advanced in an orderly manner. The universal basic medical insurance system has taken initial shape, the essential drug system has basically achieved full coverage in urban and rural government-run primary medical and health institutions, and the pilot reform of public hospitals has steadily advanced. The revised Interim Regulations on Resource Tax were promulgated and implemented, and the personal income tax reform plan was introduced and implemented. Gradually establish a financial macro-prudential policy framework, implement a dynamic adjustment mechanism for differential reserves, continuously improve corporate governance systems and mechanisms that are in line with the characteristics of modern banks, and expand the scope of cross-border trade and investment RMB settlement to the entire country. Substantial progress has been made in the transformation of state-owned literary and art troupes into enterprises, the reform of non-current affairs newspapers and periodicals publishing units has been officially launched, and the pilot reform of the education system has been smoothly advanced. The comprehensive supporting reform experiment has made positive progress.
The level of open economy continues to improve. Import and export trade tend to be balanced. The total foreign trade import and export volume was US$3,642.1 billion, an increase of 22.5%, of which exports were US$1,898.6 billion, an increase of 20.3%; imports were US$1,743.5 billion, an increase of 24.9%; the trade surplus was US$155.1 billion, a decrease of 26.4 billion from the previous year. Dollar. The structure of utilizing foreign capital will continue to be optimized. The actual use of foreign direct investment in the non-financial sector throughout the year was US$116 billion, an increase of 9.7%, of which the use of foreign investment in the service industry increased by 20.5%. Foreign loans borrowed were US$25.2 billion, an increase of 23%. Enterprises are making steady progress in “going out”. Non-financial overseas direct investment for the whole year was US$60.1 billion, basically the same as the previous year; the turnover of foreign contracted engineering business was US$103.4 billion, an increase of 12.2%.
Chart 8. Non-financial overseas direct investment. Xinhua News Agency reported that the implementation of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" is generally progressing smoothly. (1) 11 sub-indicators among the 7 binding indicators for annual decomposition, water consumption per unit of industrial added value, chemical oxygen demand emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions, ammonia nitrogen emissions, the number of urban residents participating in basic pension insurance, urban and rural The eight sub-indicators of the three basic medical insurance participation rates, the construction of urban affordable housing projects, and the total population of the country have completed or exceeded the annual tasks; however, the energy consumption per unit of GDP, carbon dioxide emissions, and nitrogen oxide emissions Three sub-indicators were measured and the annual plan targets were not achieved.
(2) Among the nine expected indicators for annual decomposition, GDP, urbanization rate, gross enrollment rate of high school education, per capita disposable income of urban residents, per capita net income of rural residents, registered urban unemployment rate, urban new Seven indicators, including the increase in the number of jobs, achieved or exceeded the annual expected targets; however, two indicators, the proportion of added value in the service industry and the proportion of research and experimental development expenditures in GDP, did not achieve the annual expected targets. (3) Some indicators failed to complete the annual planned tasks or achieve the annual expected goals. The main reasons are: the economic development mode has not yet fundamentally changed, the economic structural adjustment is still lagging behind, the proportion of heavy and chemical industries is too large, and the overall industrial technology level is low; some The binding indicators are newly determined in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", and the work foundation is relatively weak. Complete and effective policy measures have not yet been formed. The role of existing measures has not been fully exerted, and practical work also needs to be further improved and improved.
In the severe and complex domestic and international environment, my country's economic and social development has maintained a good momentum and the achievements have been hard-won. This is the result of the scientific decision-making and correct leadership of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. It is the result of the unremitting efforts and solid work of all regions and departments. It is the result of the united struggle of people of all ethnic groups across the country. It also fully embodies the characteristics of the socialist system with Chinese characteristics. superiority.
While fully affirming the achievements, we are clearly aware that the situation facing macroeconomic control in 2012 is still severe and complex. From an international perspective, the uncertainty and instability of the world economic recovery have increased, and downward pressure has increased significantly. The European sovereign debt crisis continues to worsen, the international financial market has been violently turbulent, and trade and investment protectionism has intensified. International and regional hot-spot issues arise one after another, and the stable supply of global energy resources faces major challenges. Domestically, the contradictions and problems of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable development are still prominent. First, there is downward pressure on economic growth. Continued weakness in external demand and slowdown in domestic demand growth may appear simultaneously. Since September 2011, my country's export growth has continued to decline, and the difficulties faced in 2012 will further increase. Constraints on domestic demand growth continue to increase, consumption growth is likely to stabilize and slow down, and corporate investment capabilities and willingness have weakened. Second, there is still great pressure on prices to rise. The price increases of labor, land, energy resources and other factors are showing a long-term trend. The imported inflation factors we face cannot be underestimated. The tight balance pattern of some agricultural products is difficult to change. Rectifying the price relationship of resource products will also push up the overall price level to a certain extent. . Third, it is more difficult to steadily increase agricultural production. The agricultural foundation is not yet solid, the level of science and technology is not high, resource constraints are intensifying, and the comparative returns from farming are relatively low. At the same time, after achieving "eight consecutive increases", grain is facing new situations such as a high output base and high production costs. Fourth, the situation of energy conservation and emission reduction is grim. The problem of unreasonable structure is prominent. The market conditions and policy environment for eliminating backward production capacity and promoting the development of service industry and strategic emerging industries need to be improved. Energy consumption is growing rapidly. The long-term mechanism for energy conservation and emission reduction is not yet complete. Pollutant emissions are still relatively large. The situation is large and environmental pollution accidents are frequent. Fifth, the production and operation difficulties of some enterprises have worsened. The problem of overcapacity in some industries has become prominent, and the losses of enterprises have expanded. In particular, some small and micro enterprises have faced severe operating difficulties. At the same time, there are potential risks in the fiscal and financial fields, the regulation of the real estate market is at a critical stage, the gap in income distribution is still large, the reform and development of education and health services are arduous tasks, and there are some issues that the public has strongly complained about in terms of production safety, product quality, land acquisition and demolition, etc. , affecting social harmony and stability. We will attach great importance to the above problems and seriously solve and respond to them in our work.
II. The overall requirements and main goals of economic and social development in 2012
The economic and social development work in 2012 must fully implement the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third and Fourth Central Committee of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China. In the spirit of the Central, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions, guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, continue to implement proactive fiscal policies and prudent monetary policies, and maintain the continuity of macroeconomic policies. and stability, enhance the pertinence, flexibility, and forward-lookingness of regulation, continue to properly handle the relationship between maintaining stable and rapid economic development, adjusting the economic structure, and managing inflation expectations, accelerate the transformation of economic development methods and economic structural adjustment, and strive to expand domestic demand, focus on strengthening independent innovation, energy conservation and emission reduction, focus on deepening reform and opening up, focus on ensuring and improving people's livelihood, maintain stable and rapid economic development and basic stability of the general price level, maintain social harmony and stability, and meet the party's leadership with excellent results in economic and social development. The 18th National Congress was successfully held.
In accordance with the above overall requirements, comprehensive consideration of needs and possibilities, and in conjunction with the "Outline" of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", the main expected goals for economic and social development in 2012 are proposed:
——The economy is growing steadily and rapidly. The GDP growth rate is 7.5%, which is 0.5 percentage points lower than the previous year’s target. Main considerations: First, it reflects the trend changes in domestic and foreign economic trends and development speed. The deep-seated impact of the current international financial crisis continues to emerge. The domestic tasks of stabilizing growth, controlling prices, and transforming economic models are quite arduous. The expected growth rate target should be appropriately lowered. can better reflect economic trends. At the same time, 7.5% is still a relatively fast growth rate. In the context of my country's large economic aggregate and severe external environment, it still requires hard work to achieve this goal. The second is to gradually connect with the goals of the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" to guide local governments to further focus on adjusting the economic structure, transforming the development model, and improving the quality and efficiency of economic growth. The third is to fully consider the affordability of resources and the environment, and adjust the growth target appropriately to a lower level, which will help alleviate the increasingly prominent pressure of resource and environmental constraints, and also help alleviate some prominent contradictions in economic operations.
——Optimizing and upgrading the economic structure. Further increase investment in science and technology, and further increase the proportion of research and experimental development expenditures in GDP; stabilize agriculture and improve the supply capacity of agricultural products; vigorously develop strategic emerging industries, promote the deep integration of informatization and industrialization, and achieve great results in the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. New progress; accelerate the development of the service industry and increase the proportion of the added value of the service industry in the GDP; effectively increase energy conservation and emission reduction efforts, with energy consumption per unit of GDP falling by about 3.5%, and carbon dioxide emission intensity falling even further In some areas, chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions both dropped by 2%, ammonia nitrogen emissions dropped by 1.5%, and nitrogen oxide emissions achieved zero growth. The main consideration is that the development and changes of the domestic and foreign economic environment have brought many difficulties and challenges to my country's economic development, and at the same time, they have also formed a "reverse forcing mechanism" for adjusting the economic structure. In accordance with the requirements of the main theme, we must rely on technological and institutional innovation to promote industrial upgrading, promote the coordinated development of the three industries at a higher level, improve the incentive and restraint mechanism for energy conservation and emission reduction, promote economic structural adjustment in depth, and enhance the balance and coordination of development. sex and sustainability.
——The overall price level is basically stable. The increase in consumer prices was controlled at around 4%, which was lower than the actual increase in 2011. The main considerations are: on the one hand, my country's current total supply and total demand are basically balanced, and the supply of most products is sufficient. In particular, grain production has achieved "eight consecutive increases", which has laid a material foundation for maintaining the basic stability of the overall price level; triggering excessive prices. The short-term factors for rapid growth have weakened, and the tail-off impact in 2012 was about 1.1 percentage points, lower than the previous year. On the other hand, factor price increases are showing a long-term trend, and the pressure of cost-driven price increases will continue to exist; global liquidity is still relatively abundant, and imported inflation factors cannot be underestimated; and a certain amount of space must be left to ease price contradictions and promote price reforms. .
——People’s living standards have further improved. More than 9 million new urban jobs will be created, the urban registered unemployment rate will be controlled within 4.6%, the natural population growth rate will be controlled within 6.5‰, the actual income growth of urban and rural residents will keep pace with economic growth, the new rural insurance and urban residents The social pension insurance system is fully covered, and 5 million units of affordable housing projects in urban areas have been basically completed, with more than 7 million new units started. The main consideration is that in 2012, the economic growth rate is likely to slow down. If we continue to expand the scale of employment, increase residents' income, and improve the security system, we will face many difficulties and challenges. Under such circumstances, we must properly handle the relationship between developing the economy and improving people's livelihood, put ensuring and improving people's livelihood in a more prominent position, increase investment, improve institutional arrangements, and make greater efforts to solve the realities that involve the vital interests of the people. problems and successfully achieved various expected goals in the field of people's livelihood.