In the process of garbage stacking or landfill, a large amount of acidic, alkaline and toxic wastewater containing mercury, lead and cadmium is produced, which permeates into surface water or groundwater, causing the water body to be black and smelly, the shallow groundwater can not be used, and the water quality deteriorates. 60% of rivers in China are polluted by ammonia nitrogen, volatile phenol and permanganate, and fluoride seriously exceeds the standard, and the water body loses its self-purification function, which affects the reproduction of aquatic organisms and the utilization of water resources.
(2) Pollution to the atmospheric environment
In the garbage area, due to incineration or long-term stacking, garbage rots and becomes moldy, releasing a large number of toxic gases such as stench and sulfur, and dust and fine particles flying with the wind, resulting in excessive suspended particles of sulfur dioxide in the air. Acid rain and dust pollution often occur.
(3) Land erosion
According to statistics, China produces 3 billion tons of garbage every year, and about 20,000 square meters of cultivated land is forced to be used for stacking and storing garbage. Land degradation and desertification are very serious. More importantly, a large number of toxic substances such as plastic bags and scrap metal are directly buried or left in the soil, which is difficult to degrade, seriously corrodes the land, causes soil hardening and alkalization, reduces the ability of water and fertilizer conservation, and reduces crop production or even crops, affecting crop quality.
(4) Harm to human health
In garbage, toxic gases drift with the wind, and the contents of sulfur dioxide and lead in the air increase, which increases the incidence of respiratory diseases and is harmful to human body. Excessive pollutants in groundwater lead to diarrhea, schistosomiasis and trachoma. For example, there is a dysentery epidemic in Guiyang, which is caused by groundwater being infiltrated by garbage and Escherichia coli exceeding the standard seriously.
(5) the impact on economic development
According to the survey, 70% of the garbage in our country has utilization value. If all of them are recycled, the annual profit will be 654.38+0.6 billion yuan, which is extremely beneficial to economic development and job creation. On the contrary, it will cause greater waste of resources, and the situation of resource shortage and ecological imbalance will become increasingly serious. It will inevitably affect and hinder the smooth development of the economy.
3. Countermeasures to prevent and control garbage pollution
The key to prevent and control garbage pollution is to start from the source, control the amount of garbage produced, implement total control, follow the principle that whoever pollutes will control it, punish pollution with economic leverage and improve the environment. Put forward the following countermeasures on how to prevent and control garbage pollution:
(1) Change the mode of production and save resources.
Guide enterprises to develop in the direction of clean production and green production, change backward production methods into energy-saving intensive production methods, put an end to high-pollution and low-efficiency project construction, control the total amount of garbage pollutants, especially the treatment of toxic and harmful substances, and follow the principles of safety, prudence and enterprise recycling. Wastes with useful value are not allowed to be wasted and discarded. We must really make the best use of them and recycle them. For wastes that really have no use value,
(2) Strengthen publicity and advocate green consumption.
Through television, media and other channels, we will publicize the hazards of garbage pollution in various forms, popularize environmental protection knowledge, publicize laws and regulations, and raise environmental awareness. Residents should collect garbage separately, consciously reduce the amount of garbage produced, and actively use degradable items, such as paper products and wood products, so that the work of reducing garbage is in the ascendant. Try to buy and use green certified products and pollution-free products, and form a good atmosphere in which green enters the family and families love environmental protection.
(3) Implement the charging policy.
Recently, the Ministry of Construction has promulgated relevant laws to implement a set of charging system for the generation of garbage, adopting an internationally accepted management model, combining total control with quantity control, charging at a low price within a limited amount, charging at a high price and collecting more, using economic leverage, and establishing an economic benefit mechanism to truly achieve the purpose of reducing garbage and improving the environment.
(4) Encourage garbage recycling and develop in the direction of industrialization and legalization.
From producers to users, the obligations and responsibilities of recycling should be clearly defined, and special laws and regulations should be formulated at different levels to ensure and promote the implementation of the garbage recycling system. Reward recycling enterprises and individuals, increase supporting facilities, increase recycling outlets, stations and points, collect treatment fees for enterprises and individuals that discharge garbage, and establish a garbage treatment plant integrating recycling, development and utilization.
The prevention and control of garbage pollution is a long-term comprehensive work, involving a wide range and many influencing factors. At present, China's garbage prevention and control work has just started, and it needs the support and support of the whole society to protect the environment and rationally use resources, so as to finally realize a virtuous circle of economic development and resource utilization and achieve a win-win situation of economic and environmental benefits.